退火工艺对深冷轧制6061铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和拉伸试验机等研究了退火工艺对深冷轧制6061铝合金微观组织、力学性能及断口形貌的影响。结果表明:经深冷轧制后试样的微观组织显著细化,平均晶粒尺寸小于500 nm,可观察到位错聚集和弥散分布的纳米尺寸析出物;在相同退火温度下,深冷轧制试样的强度及伸长率均优于室温轧制;随着退火温度的升高,试样强度表现为先升高后降低,在退火30~60 min时强度出现峰值;试样的拉伸断口属于韧窝-微孔聚集型,随着退火温度的升高,韧窝尺寸逐渐变深。

锑含量和硫酸溶液浓度对耐酸钢腐蚀性能的影响

以10%H2SO4+3.5%NaCl和20%H2SO4+3.5%NaCl的混合溶液为腐蚀介质,在室温条件下对不同锑含量的耐酸钢和Q345B钢进行了全浸腐蚀实验,对比研究了铁路货车用耐酸钢和对比钢Q345B的腐蚀行为。结果表明:在10%H2SO4+3.5%NaCl环境下,Q345B腐蚀速率为4.95 mm/a,两种不同含Sb耐酸腐蚀钢的耐蚀性能良好。随着Sb含量增加,腐蚀速率下降,0.12%Sb耐酸钢腐蚀速率为0.66 mm/a,相对于Q345B的腐蚀速率为13%。合金元素锑的添加有效地提高了钢的耐硫酸腐蚀性能。随着硫酸浓度上升,0.06%Sb钢腐蚀速率从1.235 mm/a下降到1.031 mm/a。

轧后冷却速率对GCr15轴承钢球化组织的影响

采用电子探针和透射电子显微镜研究了模拟热轧后不同冷却速率对网状碳化物析出及后续离异共析转变过程中显微组织转变的影响.结果表明:在先共析碳化物形成温度区间采用快冷处理可以抑制网状碳化物的形成,减小片状珠光体的片层间距.当冷速控为20℃/s时,采用离异共析处理方式可将球化退火时间降低约2 h,硬度可达1.95 GPa左右.选区电子衍射分析表明球化处理后的球状碳化物类型为M3C,冷速的调控不会改变球化处理后碳化物的种类.

V-N微合金化X80抗大变形管线钢的组织与力学性能

通过热模拟试验机研究了V-N微合金钢过冷奥氏体动态连续冷却相变行为,设计了V-N微合金化X80抗大变形管线钢的轧制与冷却工艺参数并分析了组织和力学性能的关系.结果表明,动态CCT曲线出现高温转变区和中温转变区分离的现象,转变温度范围分别是637~728℃和441~601℃,当冷速为10~20℃/s时,形成针状铁素体为主的组织.V-N微合金化管线钢组织以多边形铁素体和针状铁素体为主,屈服强度、抗拉强度、均匀延伸率和-20℃夏比冲击功分别为603 MPa,724 MPa,11. 1%和214 J,满足API Spec 5L对X80管线钢的力学性能要求,同时具有好的强塑性匹配.

耐候H型钢耐大气腐蚀性能的研究

为了研究耐候H型钢在不同冷却工艺下的基体组织类型对其耐大气腐蚀性能的影响,对耐候H型钢热轧结束后采用轧后空冷、轧后随炉冷及轧后水冷3种冷却方式,分别获得了铁素体+贝氏体、铁素体+珠光体及全贝氏体3种不同的基体组织。利用周期浸润试验模拟了不同基体组织类型的耐候H型钢在大气环境中的腐蚀行为。对腐蚀后的带锈试样进行了失重分析及电化学试验来评价其腐蚀性能,采用电子探针(EPMA)观察分析其腐蚀产物形貌及锈层截面元素分布并利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析其腐蚀产物物相组成来探究其影响。结果表明:在腐蚀初期,轧后水冷获得的单相贝氏体组织的锈层最为致密完整且其耐大气腐蚀性能最优;在腐蚀后期,不同显微组织的耐腐蚀性能大致相同。

多级热处理对柔性立管用高强钢组织性能影响

通过对柔性立管用高强钢开展不同的热处理工艺实验并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和EBSD技术等表征手段研究了多级热处理对柔性立管用高强钢显微组织、力学性能以及抗氢致开裂性能的影响.结果表明:相对调质热处理而言,多级热处理能够显著细化组织,促使析出相细小弥散地分布于组织中并提高了组织中的晶界密度,从而使柔性立管用高强钢的强度升高.多级热处理大大提高了组织中氢陷阱的数量,减小了析出相的尺寸并改善了氢陷阱的分布状态,进而提高了实验钢的溶氢能力,从而在提高实验钢强度的同时明显改善了其抗氢致开裂性能.

Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on Microstructures of TRIP Steel

In order to control retained austenite, the effect of hot deformation in the intercritical region on the microstructure of hot-rolled transformation-induced plasticity （TRIP） steel was studied on a Gleeble 1500 hot simulator. Compressive strains varying in amounts from 0 to 60% were imposed inthe intercritical region, and effects on the formation of polygonal ferrite, carbide-free bainite and retained austenite were determined. With increasing the hot deformation amount and the ferrite content and decreasing the carbide-free bainite content, the volume fraction of retained austenite decreases. Increased dislocation density, grain refinement of ferrite and carbon enrichment are the main factors which control retained austenite stability.

Fatigue Properties of Supersteel for Automobiles

The fatigue properties of 400 MPa grade supersteel, plain low carbon steel SS400 and microalloyed steel Q340TM were investigated through tensile-compression fatigue experiment with R =- 1. The results indicate that the fatigue limit of the 400 MPa supersteel is higher than that of SS400 steel and close to that of the 340TM steel. According to the analysis of fatigue fracture, the fatigue striations of supersteel SS400 is thinner than that of SS400 steel and 340TM steel, and grain refinement can increase the fatigue limit.

Weldability of 780 MPa Super-High Strength Heavy-Duty Truck Crossbeam Steel

CO2-shielded welding experiments of newly developed, 780 MPa super-high strength heavy-duty truck crossbeam steel were conducted, and the microstructure, microhardness, mechanical properties, and impact tough- hess of the welded joint were studied. The evolution of the microstructure of the welded joint occurred as follows.. welding seam （acicular ferrite＋proeutectoid ferrite）→fusion zone （granular bainite-long strip M/A island）→coarse grain zone （granular bainite-long strip or short bar M/A island）→fine grain zone （ferrite＋ pearlite＋ blocky M/A is- land）→mixed grained zone （ferrite＋granular bainite＋blocky M/A island）→base metal （proeutectoid ferrite＋gran- ular bainite-hlocky or granular M/A island）. Increasing the density of the grain boundaries can effectively improve the impact toughness, and the blocky M/A island hindered crack propagation more effectively than the long strip M/A island. The new hot-rolled 780 MPa super-high strength steel had excellent weldability. The welding technology was applied under the following conditions： welding voltage was 20 to 21 V, welding current was 200 to 210 A, and the gas flow rate was 25 L/rain.

Microstructure Evolving Behaviors of Undercooled Ultrafine Austenite Grains During Deformation

Samples with ultrafine grained austenite were prepared by repetitive rapid heating and quenching for three times and were used to investigate the dynamic microstructural evolving behaviors at different temperatures. A sim- ultaneous development of dynamic straiminduced transformation （DSIT） and austenite grain growth was detected at the deformation temperatures above At3 , while only DSIT happened as the deformation proceeded at lower temperatures close to and below At3. In addition, a reverse ferrite-to-austenite transformation was also observed. Most of the strain induced ferrite nucleated on the boundaries of ultrafine prior austenite grains, especially at the corners and no evidence about intragranular nucleus was obviously obtained.

低合金高强度抗应力腐蚀开裂海洋软管用钢的开发

通过合金成分设计,轧制、热处理工艺的探索,开发了低合金高强度海洋软管用钢,其屈服强度大于600 MPa且满足抗氢脆、抗氢致开裂、抗应力腐蚀开裂性能,并通过全浸腐蚀实验对该钢的海水腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明,采用低C、低Mn并复合添加耐蚀元素Cr、Mo和采用合理的热轧、冷轧、调质处理工艺,可获得满足抗应力腐蚀开裂性能的600 MPa级高强钢。耐蚀元素的添加使实验钢具有良好的耐海水腐蚀能力,腐蚀稳定状态下的平均年腐蚀速率为0.11 mm/a。

海水浆体中钢的磨蚀行为

在围海造陆、航道疏浚等作业中,大量泥沙通过管道以浆体的形式输送。管体不仅发生磨损,还承受不同程度的腐蚀,从而使得管体产生严重的磨蚀失效。采用旋转型试验装置对比研究了海水浆体疏浚环境下普碳钢和低合金高强钢的磨蚀行为,测量了磨蚀失重中各磨蚀分量的所占比例,分析了试验钢的磨蚀失效方式及主要影响因素。试验结果表明,钢的磨蚀失重随速度的增加而迅速增加,在海水浆体环境下试验钢的磨蚀失重主要是磨损引起的,同时存在明显的腐蚀与磨损的交互作用。钢中适量的Cr含量有利于降低自然腐蚀电位,起到抑制腐蚀的作用,从而降低了腐蚀失重,提高耐磨蚀性能。普碳钢的磨蚀失效方式主要是犁沟、片层及磨蚀坑的形成;高强钢表面的犁沟较浅且窄,其磨蚀失效方式主要为磨蚀坑和片层的形成。

钛微合金中锰钢强韧化机制研究

低碳中锰钢因为其优异的力学性能及低成本的成分设计逐渐被应用到海洋平台用厚板生产制备中,通过对钛微合金化低碳中锰钢进行控轧控冷工业试验,观察不同厚度位置的显微组织及析出物形貌,测定了室温拉伸及低温冲击韧性,并对其强韧化机制进行了分析。结果表明,试验钢基体为板条宽度200～400 nm的回火马氏体和宽度为50～100 nm的逆转变奥氏体复合层状组织,且全厚度方向组织性能均匀性较好,屈服强度均大于760 MPa、屈强比均小于等于0.88、伸长率均大于20%、-60℃冲击功均大于200 J。试验钢的主要强韧化机制有亚微米尺度的复合层状组织、大角度晶界韧化机制、亚稳态逆转变奥氏体TRIP效应、Ti(C,N)粒子的细晶强化及析出强化效应,多种强化机制叠加作用,最终获得高强韧的中锰钢厚板。

形变热处理对11Cr3Co耐热钢组织性能的影响

为了提高火电发电效率,要求耐热钢在更高的服役温度下保持良好的高温性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)与电子探针(EPMA)等手段,研究了不同变形量的形变热处理对11Cr3Co耐热钢组织性能的影响。结果表明,随变形量的增加,11Cr3Co钢板基体组织得到显著细化,马氏体板条宽度变细,小角度晶界数量减少;在200~700℃拉伸时,不同变形量形变热处理的钢板抗拉强度均得到提升,伸长率略有降低;在400、600℃拉伸时,经20%TMT700-T处理后的钢板抗拉强度分别为299、269 MPa,伸长率分别为19.3%、21.93%,具有优异的综合力学性能。形变热处理钢板组织中的高密度位错能够促进析出粒子数量增加且使40~100 nm M23C6与10~30 nm MX粒子的分布更加均匀弥散,更好地保证了耐热钢组织的高温稳定性。

Influence of Mn Content and Hot Deformation on Transformation Behavior of C-Mn Steels

The hot deformation behaviors and the microstructural evolution of plain C-Mn steels with similar contents of C and Si but different contents of Mn have been investigated by compressive processing using Gleeble-1500 mechanical simulator.Influence of Mn and hot deformation on continuous cooling transformation of steels has been studied.The experimental results showed that deformation in austenite region accelerated transformation process,and the extent is dependent on the hot deformation and cooling conditions.The hot deformation would promote transformation process,but the increase of transformation temperature is dependent on Mn contents.The results have also shown that the effect of deformation on ferrite transformation becomes more obvious with the increase of Mn content at relatively low cooling rate.

Effect of Ti(C,N)Precipitation on Texture Evolution and Fish-Scale Resistance of Ultra-Low Carbon Ti-Bearing Enamel Steel

The Ti（C,N）precipitation and texture evolution in ultra-low carbon Ti-bearing enamel steel were studied to discover their correlation.Two different cooling paths of simulative coiling were adopted to gain different morphologies of Ti（C,N）precipitate in hot strips.It is found that the Ti（C,N）precipitate in hot strip using Path 2（put into asbestos box and air cooled）are finer and much more in quantity than that in hot strip using Path 1（held at 730℃ for 30min and furnace cooled）.The morphology of Ti（C,N）precipitate in hot strip has great effect on recrystallization texture in the subsequent cold-rolled annealed sheet.γ-fiber texture of strong recrystallization is gained in coldrolled and annealed sheet came from Path 1.On the contrary,in the one came from Path 2,theγ-fiber texture is weak.This may be due to the pinning force of numerous fine Ti（C,N）precipitate which retard the growth of preferential nucleated{111}orientated grains.Annealed steel sheets in the test came from both paths have excellent fishscale resistance.

Effect of Prestrain on Microstructures and Properties of Si-Al-Mn TRIP Steel Sheet With Niobium

Paint baking treatment was carried out in a silicon oil bath at 170℃ for 20 min for Si-Al-Mn TRIP Steel sheet with different prestrains, and effect of prestrain on microstructures and properties was studied before and after baking. The results show that with the increasing of prestrain amount during prestraining and baking, the volume fraction of retained austenite decreases, and the volume fraction of martensite and bainite increases as well as yield strength increases; as prestrain ranges from 0 to 4%, the baking-hardening （BH） value increases; while the prestrain ranges from 4% to 16%, the BH value decreases; when the prestrain amount is 4%, the highest BH value is about 70 MPa for Si-Al-Mn TRIP steel sheet with niobium, which displays excellent baking-hardening behavior.

Transformation Behavior of Low Carbon Steels Containing Two Different Si Contents

Continuous cooling transformation behaviors of low carbon steels with two Si contents （0. 50% and 1. 35%） were investigated under undeformed and deformed conditions. Effects of Si contents, deformation, and cooling rates on γ transformation start temperature （Ar3）, phase microstructures, and hardness were studied. The results show that, in the ease of the deformation with the true strain of 0. 4, the length of bainitic ferrite laths is significantly decreased in low Si steel, whereas, the M/A constituent becomes more uniform in high Si steel. An increase in cooling rates lowers the Ar3 greatly. The steel with higher level of Si exhibits higher Ar3, and higher hardness both under undeformed and deformed conditions compared with the steel with a lower Si content. Especially, the influence of Si on At3 is dependent on deformation. Such effects are more significant under the undeformed condition. The hardness of both steels increases with the increase of cooling rates, whereas, the deformation involved in both steels reduces the hardness.