泸定6.8级地震公路抢通保通方案

2022年9月5日,四川泸定发生6.8级地震,公路沿线诱发了大量的地质灾害,造成多处公路损坏或断道,极大地影响了抗震救灾工作。快速摸清震区公路网的受损情况和抢通保通难度,对震后救援至关重要。为此,对震区公路受损情况进行调查,会同地方交通部门完成公路的抢通保通任务。调查发现了507处受损点,公路灾害以崩塌滑坡为主,占总灾害的90%以上。公路灾害具有数量多、规模小、连片分布的特点,公路震害与地震烈度正相关,与断层距离、河流距离负相关。在不利因子组合下,公路震害程度明显加剧,局部位置的公路受损率可达到92.5%。在抢通保通阶段,利用龙头石及大岗山电站的库区水运资源,快速建立5处码头,建立起通往震中的生命通道,让应急队伍快速进入灾区,让伤员第一时间运送出来;灾后交通网的重建充分利用水运资源,不追求道路等级与路线指标,公路重建以提高公路的抗灾能力及韧性为目标。

Local coordination and electronic interactions of Pd/MXene via dual‐atom codoping with superior durability for efficient electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation

Catalyst design relies heavily on electronic metal‐support interactions,but the metal‐support interface with an uncontrollable electronic or coordination environment makes it challenging.Herein,we outline a promising approach for the rational design of catalysts involving heteroatoms as anchors for Pd nanoparticles for ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)catalysis.The doped B and N atoms from dimethylamine borane(DB)occupy the position of the Ti_(3)C_(2) lattice to anchor the supported Pd nanoparticles.The electrons transfer from the support to B atoms,and then to the metal Pd to form a stable electronic center.A strong electronic interaction can be produced and the d‐band center can be shifted down,driving Pd into the dominant metallic state and making Pd nanoparticles deposit uniformly on the support.As‐obtained Pd/DB–Ti_(3)C_(2) exhibits superior durability to its counterpart(∼14.6% retention)with 91.1% retention after 2000 cycles,placing it among the top single metal anodic catalysts.Further,in situ Raman and density functional theory computations confirm that Pd/DB–Ti_(3)C_(2) is capable of dehydrogenating ethanol at low reaction energies.

Utility of real-time 3D visualization system in the early stage of phacoemulsification training

●AIM:To determine the teaching effects of a real-time three dimensional(3D)visualization system in the operating room for early-stage phacoemulsification training.●METHODS:A total of 10 ophthalmology residents of the first-year postgraduate were included.All the residents were novices to cataract surgery.Real-time cataract surgical observations were performed using a custom-built 3D visualization system.The training lasted 4wk(32h)in all.A modified International Council of Ophthalmology’s Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric(ICO-OSCAR)containing 4 specific steps of cataract surgery was applied.The self-assessment(self)and expert-assessment(expert)were performed through the microsurgical attempts in the wet lab for each participant.●RESULTS:Compared with pre-training assessments(self 3.2±0.8,expert 2.5±0.6),the overall mean scores of posttraining(self 5.2±0.4,expert 4.7±0.6)were significantly improved after real-time observation training of 3D visualization system(P<0.05).Scores of 4 surgical items were significantly improved both self and expert assessment after training(P<0.05).●CONCLUSION:The 3D observation training provides novice ophthalmic residents with a better understanding of intraocular microsurgical techniques.It is a useful tool to improve teaching efficiency of surgical education.

Effects of Danchai formula on regulation of immunologic function

The traditional formula of Danchai was provided by associate professor Dan Chen of Tianjin Medical University,which consisted of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri)9 g,Baishao(Radix Paeoniae Alba)9 g,Yujin(Radix Curcumae)30 g,Mudanpi(Cortex moutan Radicis)9 g,and Gancao(Radix glycyrrhizae)6 g.After soaking in water for 20 min,the herbs were decocted with medium heat to boiling and for 15 min with low heat.The liquid was poured out and decocted again by adding water.The decoction is mixed and consumed orally 30 min after meals,twice per day.Danchai formula can be used to treat excessive immune response-related diseases,including immune rejection after organ transplantation,autoimmune diseases,and hypersensitivity.

Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduce glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in the retina

Adipose mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs)have protective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity,but ADSCs are limited in use for treatment of optic nerve injury.Studies have shown that the extracellular vesicles(EVs)secreted by ADSCs(ADSC-EVs)not only have the function of ADSCs,but also have unique advantages including non-immunogenicity,low probability of abnormal growth,and easy access to target cells.In the present study,we showed that intravitreal injection of ADSC-EVs substantially reduced glutamate-induced damage to retinal morphology and electroretinography.In addition,R28 cell pretreatment with ADSC-EVs before injury inhibited glutamate-induced overload of intracellular calcium,downregulation ofα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid receptor(AMPAR)subunit GluA2,and phosphorylation of GluA2 and protein kinase C alpha in vitro.A protein kinase C alpha agonist,12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate,inhibited the neuroprotective effects of ADSC-EVs on glutamate-induced R28 cells.These findings suggest that ADSCEVs ameliorate glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in the retina through inhibiting protein kinase C alpha activation.

Wood Crack Detection Based on Data-Driven Semantic Segmentation Network

Dear Editor, This letter is concerned with wood crack detection which is important to guarantee the quality of wooden products. In the wood industry, the crack detection is one of the most challenging tasks in the wood defects detection, since the detection accuracy may be reduced due to the stains on the boards, the tiny cracks, and some cracks that are similar to the sound region. To overcome these challenges.

Research progress on animal models of corneal epithelial-stromal injury

A corneal epithelial-stromal defect is recognized as a major contributor to corneal scarring.Given the rising prevalence of blindness caused by corneal scarring,increasing attention has been focused on corneal epithelialstromal defects.Currently,the etiology and pathogenesis of these defects remain inadequately understood,necessitating further investigation through experimental research.Various modeling methods exist both domestically and internationally,each with distinct adaptive conditions,advantages,and disadvantages.This review primarily aims to summarize the techniques used to establish optimal animal models of corneal epithelial-stromal injury,including mechanical modeling,chemical alkali burns,post-refractive surgery infections,and genetic engineering.The intention is to provide valuable insights for studying the mechanisms underlying corneal epithelial-stromal injury and the development of corresponding therapeutic interventions.

基于BIM+GIS技术的常规桥梁设计信息数字化交付方法研究

常规桥梁设计及施工方法已比较成熟,但设计成果主要以纸质文件的形式交付,设计信息在桥梁建设及后期运营维护阶段的数字化应用难度较大。该文基于现有标准体系,分别对常规桥梁结构实体分解、BIM模型信息和分类编码及分部分项规则进行系统性研究,制定常规桥梁设计信息数字化交付标准,并运用Revit软件研发常规桥梁快速建模软件,结合文中所述数字化交付标准,研究几何信息、属性信息、工程数量、清单细目号等关键设计信息与分部分项的关联关系,在满足工程建设需求的前提下实现设计信息的数字化、结构化存储。同时利用GIS平台实现各类型设计数据融合,并基于B/S构架以网络服务的形式打通建设管理平台的数据流转渠道。研究表明:依托该文所述数字化交付方法移交设计成果,不仅可满足现有技术规范,有效保证移交设计信息的准确性和完整性,实现设计成果的数字化交付,同时也能够适应公路工程建设中多用户并联工作的需求,显著提高建设管理的效率。

Self-similarity of complex networks under centrality-based node removal strategy

Real-world networks exhibit complex topological interactions that pose a significant computational challenge to analyses of such networks.Due to limited resources,there is an urgent need to develop dimensionality reduction techniques that can significantly reduce the structural complexity of initial large-scale networks.In this paper,we propose a subgraph extraction method based on the node centrality measure to reduce the size of the initial network topology.Specifically,nodes with smaller centrality value are removed from the initial network to obtain a subgraph with a smaller size.Our results demonstrate that various real-world networks,including power grids,technology,transportation,biology,social,and language networks,exhibit self-similarity behavior during the reduction process.The present results reveal the selfsimilarity and scale invariance of real-world networks from a different perspective and also provide an effective guide for simplifying the topology of large-scale networks.

Advancing the precision management of inflammatory bowel disease in the era of omics approaches and new technology

There is great heterogeneity among inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients in terms of pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,response to treatment,and prognosis,which requires the individualized and precision management of patients.Many studies have focused on prediction biomarkers and models for assessing IBD disease type,activity,severity,and prognosis.During the era of biologics,how to predict the response and side effects of patients to different treatments and how to quickly recognize the loss of response have also become important topics.Multiomics is a promising area for investigating the complex network of IBD pathogenesis.Integrating numerous amounts of data requires the use of artificial intelligence.

Research progress on the antidiabetic activities of tea and its bioactive components

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a pressing global public health issue with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality due to its complications.Although there are many medicines available for the treatment of DM,long-term use causes various adverse effects,such as diarrhea,vomiting,and nausea.Tea,owing to its richness of diverse bioactive components including tea polyphenols,tea polysaccharides,and alkaloids,has displayed promising antidiabetic properties.Screening antidiabetic bioactive compounds derived from teas is receiving increasing attention.Epidemiological and clinical investigations have demonstrated an inverse relationship between tea consumption and the incidence of DM.Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have substantiated the hypoglycemic effects of tea and its bioactive components through several possible mechanisms,including improvement of insulin resistance,inhibition of carbohydrates digestion and absorption(inhibitα-amylase andα-glucosidase activity),regulations of gut microbiota,inflammatory cytokines,and gene and protein expressions in the insulin signaling pathway,as well as amelioration of DM complications.This comprehensive review provides an up-to-date overview of the hypoglycemic properties associated with tea and its bioactive components.It also delves into their potential mechanisms,offering a theoretical foundation for further research into tea's antidiabetic properties and for the development of innovative antidiabetic functional products.

1g/L花青素护眼贴治疗轻中度干眼疗效

目的:探讨1g/L花青素护眼贴应用于轻中度干眼的临床疗效。方法:本研究为前瞻性、多中心设计。收集2016-10/2017-04长沙、重庆、武汉等8家爱尔眼科医院轻、中度干眼患者共320例640眼,以随机数字表法分为护眼贴组(160例)和人工泪液组(160例)。护眼贴组夜间睡眠时使用1g/L花青素护眼贴6h以上;人工泪液组滴用聚乙烯醇滴眼液4次/d。于治疗前1d及治疗后14d对症状及体征进行评价,症状评价采用眼表疾病指数(ocular surface disease index,OSDI)评分,体征观察包括泪液分泌试验(Schirmer I test,SⅠt)以及采用Oculus眼表综合分析仪测量非侵入式首次泪膜破裂时间(first noninvasive tear break-up time,NITBUTf)和非侵入式平均泪膜破裂时间(average noninvasive tear break-up time,NITBUTav)。结果:两组患者治疗后的OSDI评分、NITBUTf、NITBUTav较治疗前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),SⅠt治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组间治疗后OSDI评分、NITBUTf、NITBUTav、SⅠt比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对于轻、中度干眼,1g/L花青素护眼贴与人工泪液具有类似的疗效,能有效改善干眼症状、提高泪膜稳定性。

(2R,3R)-1,4-二甲氧基-1,1,4,4-四苯基-2,3-丁二醇的合成——推荐一个大学有机化学综合实验

“(2R,3R)-1,4-二甲氧基-1,1,4,4-四苯基-2,3-丁二醇的合成与表征”是“化学综合实验”课程的一个创新实验。(2R,3R)-1,4-二甲氧基-1,1,4,4-四苯基-2,3-丁二醇是一种应用广泛的手性二醇,但其合成方案制备成本较高、合成操作繁琐且具有一定的危险性,不适合作为本科教学实验开设。该综合实验以天然酒石酸酯为手性源,与苯基格氏试剂反应制得(2R,3R)-1,1,4,4-四苯基丁四醇;基于其高度区域选择性2,3-环亚硫酸酯化反应,利用甲醇与卤代烃的亲核取代反应引入甲氧基,避开MeI/NaH的羟基醚化方案,制得(2R,3R)-1,4-二甲氧基-1,1,4,4-四苯基-2,3-丁二醇,降低了制备成本,简化了实验操作步骤。该实验涵盖了格氏反应、亲核取代、水解反应等经典反应类型,涉及无水操作、萃取、重结晶及薄层色谱检测等合成操作和熔点、比旋光度测定、核磁共振等表征手段。该综合实验和基础有机化学实验紧密衔接,培养和提高了学生的综合实验能力,加深了学生对有机化学理论知识的理解,让学生深刻认识到高度区域选择性反应的设计在有机合成中的重要性,激发了学生的科研兴趣和创新意识,适合作为大学综合化学实验开设。

RIP3/MLKL-mediated neuronal necroptosis induced by methamphetamine at 39℃

Methamphetamine is one of the most prevalent drugs abused in the world.Methamphetamine abusers usually present with hyperpyrexia (39℃),hallucination and other psychiatric symptoms.However,the detailed mechanism underlying its neurotoxic action remains elusive.This study investigated the effects of methamphetamine + 39℃ on primary cortical neurons from the cortex of embryonic Sprague-Dawley rats.Primary cortex neurons were exposed to 1 mM methamphetamine + 39℃.Propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release detection showed that methamphetamine + 39℃ triggered obvious necrosis-like death in cultured primary cortical neurons,which could be partially inhibited by receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP1) inhibitor Necrostatin-1 partially.Western blot assay results showed that there were increases in the expressions of receptor-interacting protein-3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) in the primary cortical neurons treated with 1 mM methamphetamine + 39℃ for 3 hours.After pre-treatment with RIP3 inhibitor GSK’872,propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release detection showed that neuronal necrosis rate was significantly decreased;RIP3 and MLKL protein expression significantly decreased.Immunohistochemistry staining results also showed that the expressions of RIP3 and MLKL were up-regulated in brain specimens from humans who had died of methamphetamine abuse.Taken together,the above results suggest that methamphetamine + 39℃ can induce RIP3/MLKL regulated necroptosis,thereby resulting in neurotoxicity.The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,China (approval numbers: 2017-S026 and 2017-S033) on March 7,2017.

Liquid biopsy for non-invasive assessment of liver injury in hepatitis B patients

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is a major public health problem in China. Accurate liver injury assessment is essential for clinical evidence-based treatment. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard method to stage liver disease, but it is not widely used in resource-limited settings. Therefore, non-invasive liquid biopsy tests are needed. AIM To assess liver injury in hepatitis B patients using quantified cell free DNA combined with other serum biomarker as a liquid biopsy-based method. METHODS A cohort of 663 subjects including 313 hepatitis B patients and 350 healthy controls were enrolled. Ultrasound-guided liver biopsies followed by histopathological assessments were performed for the 263 chronic hepatitis B patients to determine the degree of liver injury. Cell-free DNA was quantified using a novel duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection had significantly higher plasma DNA, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, and HBV DNA levels (P<0.01). Serum ALT, AST, bilirubin, and plasma DNA levels of patients with markedsevere inflammation were significantly higher than those with mild-moderate inflammation (P<0.01). There was a statistically significant correlation between hepatocyte inflammation severity and serum bilirubin (R^2=0.673, P<0.01) or plasma DNA (R^2=0.597, P<0.01) levels. The areas under the curves of serum ALT, bilirubin, plasma DNA, and their combination to distinguish between patients with mild–moderate and marked-severe inflammation were 0.8059, 0.7910, 0.7921, and 0.9564, respectively. CONCLUSION The combination of plasma DNA, serum ALT, and bilirubin could be a candidate liquid biopsy for non-invasive assessment of liver injury in hepatitis B patients.

Effects of aqueous extracts of Aconitum carmichaeli,Rhizoma bolbostemmatis,Phytolacca acinosa,Panax notoginseng and Gekko swinhonis Gūenther on Bel-7402 cells

AIM： To investigate the anticancer activity of a chinese medical mixture, WRCP （warming and relieving Cold Phlegm）, on hepatocarcinoma Bel-7402 cells. METHODS： Fingerprints of WRCP, which were composed of aqueous extracts of Aconitum carmichae/i, Rhizoma bolbostemmatis, Phytolacca acinosa, Panax notoginseng and Gekko swinhonis Gdenther, and aconitine, which could be isolated from Aconitum carmichaeli and have the potential toxicity, were identified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Bel-7402 cells were grown in the presence of WRCP, As203 or all-trans-retinoic acid （ATRA）. Cell proliferation and viability were determined by trypan blue stain. Apoptosis and cell cycle of Bel-7402 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Morphologic and ultrastructural variations were determined under optic and electronic microscopy. The secretion of alpha-fetoprotein and albumin was detected by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS： The average quality of aconitine is 1.15：1： 0.10 μg per 7.5 g extracts. WRCP could suppress the proliferation and viability of Bel-7402 cells. The percentage of apoptosis cells and S phase cells increased on WRCP-treated cells. Treated with WRCP, Bel-7402 cells showed ultrastructural features of differentiation. The alpha-fetoprotein secretion decreased while the albumin secretion increased （P 〈 0.001, P 〈 0.001, respectively） markedly in WRCP-treated cells. CONCLUSION： WRCP can affect the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of Bel-7402 cells. It can arrest cells in S phase and has strong cytotoxicity to Bel-7402 cells.

Current status of Helicobacter pylori eradication and risk factors for eradication failure

BACKGROUND The Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication rate is decreasing in the general population of China.AIM To evaluate the H.pylori eradication status in real-world clinical practice and to explore factors related to eradication failure.METHODS Patients with H.pylori infection who were treated with standard 14-d quadruple therapy and received a test of cure at a provincial medical institution between June 2018 and May 2019 were enrolled.Demographic and clinical data were recorded.Eradication rates were calculated and compared between regimens and subgroups.Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of eradication failure.RESULTS Of 2610 patients enrolled,eradication was successful in 1999(76.6%)patients.Amoxicillin-containing quadruple regimens showed a higher eradication rate than other quadruple therapy regimens(83.0%vs 69.0%,P<0.001).The quadruple therapy containing amoxicillin plus clarithromycin achieved the highest eradication rate(83.5%).Primary therapy had a higher eradication rate than rescue therapy(78.3%vs 66.5%,P<0.001).In rescue therapy,the amoxicillinand furazolidone-containing regimens achieved the highest eradication rate(80.8%).Esomeprazole-containing regimens showed a higher eradication rate than those containing other proton pump inhibitors(81.8%vs 74.9%,P=0.001).Multivariate regression analysis found that older age,prior therapy,and use of omeprazole or pantoprazole were associated with an increased risk of eradication CONCLUSION The total eradication rate is 76.6%.Amoxicillin-containing regimens are superior to other regimens.Age,prior therapy,and use of omeprazole or pantoprazole are independent risk factors for eradication failure.

Detection of phthalates migration from disposable tablewares to drinking water using hexafluoroisopropanol-induced catanionic surfactant coacervate extraction

Hexafluoroisopropanol(HFIP)-induced sodium dodecyl sulfate/dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(SDS/DTAB) catanionic surfactant coacervate extraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to detect the migration of phthalates from disposable tablewares to drinking water. The concentration factors are larger than 82 and extraction recoveries over 53% for water samples spiked with 100 or 200 ng/m L phthalates. Limit of detection is in the range of 1.0–2.6 ng/m L.Good linearity with correlation coefficients larger than 0.9985 is obtained in the concentration of20–1500 or 40–3000 ng/m L. Relative recoveries are from 82.4% to 123.6% for water samples spiked with30/60, 250/500, and 1500/3000 ng/m L phthalates, respectively. Relative standard deviations(RSDs) are0.4%–7.4% for intraday precision(n = 5) and 0.6%–7.8% for interday precision(n = 3). Four of studied phthalates are found in the drinking water samples prepared from four kinds of tablewares.

Short-term environmental enrichment exposure induces proliferation and maturation of doublecortin-positive cells in the prefrontal cortex

Previous studies have demonstrated that doublecortin-positive immature neurons exist pre- dominantly in the superficial layer of the cerebral cortex of adult mammals such as guinea pigs, and these neurons exhibit very weak properties of self-proliferation during adulthood under physiological conditions. To verify whether environmental enrichment has an impact on the proliferation and maturation of these immature neurons in the prefrontal cortex of adult guinea pigs, healthy adult guinea pigs were subjected to short-term environmental enrichment. Animals were allowed to play with various cognitive and physical stimulating objects over a period of 2 weeks, twice per day, for 60 minutes each. Immunofluorescence staining results indicated that the number of doublecortin-positive cells in layer II of the prefrontal cortex was significantly increased after short-term environmental enrichment exposure. In addition, these doublecortin-positive cells co-expressed 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine （a marker of cell prolifera- tion）, c-Fos （a marker of cell viability） and NeuN （a marker of mature neurons）. Experimental findings showed that short-term environmental enrichment can induce proliferation, activation and maturation of doublecortin-positive cells in layer II of the prefrontal cortex of adult guinea pigs.

In vitro effect of iASPP on cell growth of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

iASPP is an inhibitory member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of P53 （ASPP） family. iASPP is over expressed in several malignant tumors and potentially affects cancer progression. However, the expression and potential role of iASPP in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma （OTSCC） have not been addressed. In our study, we detected iASPP expression in OTSCC by immunohistochemistry, iASPP expression is up-regulated in OTSCC tissues. Moreover, in clinical pathology specimens, we found that increased iASPP expression correlates with poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Using multicellular tumor spheroids （MTS） and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that iASPP down-regulation arrests OTSCC cells at the G0/G1 phase, induces OTSCC cell apoptosis and inhibits OTSCC cell proliferation. These results indicate that iASPP plays a significant role in the progression of OTSCC and may serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for OTSCC patients.