HBV感染对胎盘表型及胎盘效率影响的临床观察

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的胎盘发生胎盘表型及胎盘效率的改变,寻找其中规律,为HBV母婴传播的早期诊断提供理论依据。方法选取2016年10月-2017年5月延安大学附属医院132例HBsAg(+)足月妊娠孕妇临产前胎盘表型及分娩后的胎盘组织作为研究对象。于孕妇临产前B超下测量胎盘长轴长度(长)、短轴长度(宽)、厚度、估算胎盘重量及胎儿重量,并计算胎盘体积及其效率;采用化学发光微粒子免疫法(CMIA)及聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测分娩后胎盘组织HBsAg定性和/或HBV DNA定性。结果 132例HBsAg(+)孕妇分娩的132例胎盘中,HBsAg(+)和/或HBV DNA(+)11例,阴性121例。阳性率为8.33%(11/132);HBV感染阳性的胎盘长度、体积及效率与HBV感染阴性比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),前者较后者小;两者宽度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 HBV感染可使胎盘形态发生改变,且早在胎盘时期已经表型出来。HBV感染可使胎盘长度、体积减小,效率明显降低,从而影响胎盘功能,最后导致HBV宫内感染的发生。

A new iridoid glycoside from Gardenia jasminoides

A new iridoid glycoside, 6＇-O-sinapoylgeniposide, was isolated from Gardeniajasminoides Ellis and its structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS techniques.

Molecular and physiological characterization of the effects of auxin-enriched rootstock on grafting

Grafting is a highly useful technique,and its success largely depends on graft union formation.In this study,we found that root-specific expression of the auxin biosynthetic gene iaaM in tobacco,when used as rootstock,resulted in more rapid callus formation and faster graft healing.However,overexpression of the auxin-inactivating iaaL gene in rootstocks delayed graft healing.We observed increased endogenous auxin levels and auxin-responsive DR5::GUS expression in scions of WT/iaaM grafts compared with those found in WT/WT grafts,which suggested that auxin is transported upward from rootstock to scion tissues.A transcriptome analysis showed that auxin enhanced graft union formation through increases in the expression of genes involved in graft healing in both rootstock and scion tissues.We also observed that the ethylene biosynthetic gene ACS1 and the ethylene-responsive gene ERF5 were upregulated in both scions and rootstocks of the WT/iaaM grafts.Furthermore,exogenous applications of the ethylene precursor ACC to the junction of WT/WT grafts promoted graft union formation,whereas application of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor AVG delayed graft healing in WT/WT grafts,and the observed delay was less pronounced in the WT/iaaM grafts.These results demonstrated that elevated auxin levels in the iaaM rootstock in combination with the increased auxin levels in scions caused by upward transport/diffusion enhanced graft union formation and that ethylene was partially responsible for the effects of auxin on grafting.Our findings showed that grafting success can be enhanced by increasing the auxin levels in rootstocks using transgenic or gene-editing techniques.

Inhibitory effects of luteolin on TLR3-mediated inflammation caused by TAK/NF-κB signaling in human corneal flbroblasts

AIM: To study the role of luteolin(LUT) in the expression of toll-like receptors 3(TLR3) ligand poly I:C stimulated inflammatory factors in human corneal fibroblasts(HCFs).METHODS: HCFs cells were cultivated with or without LUT or poly I:C.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 were measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), immunoblotting or reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analyses.Immunoblotting was used to assess toll-interleukin-1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β(TRIF), TLR3, transforming growth factor-bactivated kinase 1(TAK1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6), the transcription factor AP-1, as well as transcription factor nuclear factor(NF-κB)–inhibitory protein IκB-α degradation and phosphorylation.Immunofluorescence assays were used to localize the cellular location of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.RESULTS: Corneal fibroblasts exposed to poly I:C demonstrated decreased VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 expression levels upon exposure to LUT in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner.LUT was observed to suppress poly I:C-triggered expression of TLR3, the translocation of NF-κB p65 into cell nuclei, as well as the phosphorylation of TAK, c-Jun, and IκB-α, while no impact on the expression levels of TRIF and TRAF6 were observed.CONCLUSION: LUT suppress the expression of proinflammatory adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines in poly I:C exposed HCFs.These effects are likely mediated through TAK/NF-κB signal attenuation.Therefore, LUT is a candidate molecule that can prevent the TLR3-mediated inflammation response associated with corneal viral infection.

Expanding the application of a UV-visible reporter for transient gene expression and stable transformation in plants

Green fl uorescent protein(GFP)has been widely used for monitoring gene expression and protein localization in diverse organisms.However,highly sensitive imaging equipment,like fl uorescence microscope,is usually required for the visualization of GFP,limitings its application to fi xed locations in samples.A reporter that can be visualized in realtime regardless the shape,size and location of the target samples will increase the fl exibility and ef fi ciency of research work.Here,we report the application of a GFP-like protein,called eYGFPuv,in both transient expression and stable transformation,in two herbaceous plant species(Arabidopsis and tobacco)and two woody plant species(poplar and citrus).We observed bright fl uorescence under UV light in all of the four plant species without any effects on plant growth or development.eYGFPuv was shown to be effective for imaging transient expression in leaf and root tissues.With a focus on in vitro transformation,we demonstrated that the transgenic events expressing 1x eYGFPuv could be easily identi fi ed visually during the callus stage and the shoot stage,enabling early and ef fi cient selection of transformants.Furthermore,whole-plant level visualization of eYGFPuv revealed its ubiquitous stability in transgenic plants.In addition,our transformation experiments showed that eYGFPuv can also be used to select transgenic plants without antibiotics.This work demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing 1x eYGFPuv in studies of gene expression and plant transformation in diverse plants.

Symbol recognition and automatic conversion in GIS vector maps

Symbols are considered as the language of a map;hence,accurate understanding of the meaning of symbols is crucial when obtaining geographical information from a map： the symbolisation of spatial data is of key importance in cartography.A geographical information system（GIS） provides a convenient mapping platform and powerful functions for spatial data symbolisation,while the presence of various mapping standards impedes the understanding of maps and sharing of map information.On the other hand,the available GIS platforms find it difficult to deal with automatic conversion between maps and different mapping standards.To resolve this problem,an approach for symbol recognition and automatic conversion is proposed,and a conversion system based on the approach and the Arc GIS Engine platform is developed to realise automatic conversion between maps produced based on different mapping standards.To test these conversion effects of the proposed system,the petroleum sector is chosen as the research field and the mutual conversion of a map in practical work among the three mapping standards（i.e.the Chinese Petroleum,Shell and USGS standards） governing this field is taken as a casestudy.The results show that the conversion system has a high conversion accuracy and strong applicability.

Integrated UHPLC-MS and network pharmacology to explore the active constituents and pharmacological mechanisms of Shenzao dripping pills against coronary heart disease

Background:Shenzao dripping pills(SZDP)is an empirical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine that is mainly used to treat coronary heart disease.However,the chemical composition and pharmacological mechanisms of SZDP are unknown.Methods:In this study,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadruple-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to identify the chemical components in extracts and medicated plasma of SZDP.Subsequently,we performed network pharmacology methods,including target prediction by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine,protein-protein interaction network via STRING database;further,the key targets and compounds were screened using Cytoscape.Finally,the key targets and compounds were validated by molecular docking.Results:72 chemical constituents were identified from SZDP by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry technology.Among the components absorbed into plasma by SZDP,24 prototype components and 9 metabolized components were identified.The network pharmacology analysis of the prototype components showed that there are 13 key compounds(including ginsenoside Rc,Rb1,Rb2,ferulic acid,etc.),90 proteins(including proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src,nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1,caspase-3,etc.),and 10 pathways(including estrogen,IL-17 and VEGF signaling pathway,etc.)that play an essential role in the treatment of coronary heart disease with SZDP.In addition,the results of molecular docking revealed that ginsenosides Rc,Rb2 and Rb1 have strong binding activities to the caspase-3,as well as ginsenoside Rb2 to the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1.Conclusion:This study showed that SZDP might act through multiple chemical constituents and targets against coronary heart disease.

Research of Methods for Lost Data Reconstruction in Erasure Codes over Binary Fields

In the process of encoding and decoding,erasure codes over binary fields,which just need AND operations and XOR operations and therefore have a high computational efficiency,are widely used in various fields of information technology.A matrix decoding method is proposed in this paper.The method is a universal data reconstruction scheme for erasure codes over binary fields.Besides a pre-judgment that whether errors can be recovered,the method can rebuild sectors of loss data on a fault-tolerant storage system constructed by erasure codes for disk errors.Data reconstruction process of the new method has simple and clear steps,so it is beneficial for implementation of computer codes.And more,it can be applied to other non-binary fields easily,so it is expected that the method has an extensive application in the future.

Robot-assisted vs laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A meta-analysis based on 3518 subjects

AIM: To compare the short-term clinical outcomes of robot-assisted gastrectomy(RAG) with laparoscopyassisted gastrectomy(LAG) in gastric cancer patients.METHODS: Articles were identified through a literature search of Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Cochrane Library. Weighted mean differences(WMDs) and odds ratios(ORs) were selected as effect sizes for quantitative variables and qualitative variables, respectively. And 95%CIs were also calculated.RESULTS: A total of 13 studies with 3518 patients were included. RAG was associated with longer operative time(WMD = 46.26 min, 95%CI: 31.89-60.63, P < 0.00001), less blood loss [WMD =-37.19 m L, 95%CI:-60.16-(-14.23), P = 0.002] and shorter postoperative hospital stay [WMD =-0.65 d, 95%CI:-1.24-(-0.05), P = 0.03] than LAG. No significant difference in the numbers of retrieved lymph nodes was found between the two groups(WMD = 1.46, 95%CI:-0.19-3.10, P = 0.08). There was no significant difference in mortality(OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 0.49-4.94, P = 0.45), overall complications(OR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.80-1.26, P = 0.98), anastomosis leakage(OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.62-1.65, P = 0.95) and anastomosis stenosis rates(OR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.18-1.57, P = 0.25). CONCLUSION: RAG is effective and safe in the treatment of gastric cancer. RAG is a promising alternative to laparoscopic surgery. Long-term randomized controlled studies with large scale and improved designs are needed to further evaluate the long-term outcomes.

Efficient Array Coding Scheme for Large-Scale Storage Systems

A family of array codes with a maximum distance separable（MDS） property, named L codes, is proposed. The greatest strength of L codes is that the number of rows（columns） in a disk array does not be restricted by the prime number, and more disks can be dynamically appended in a running storage system. L codes can tolerate at least two disk erasures and some sector loss simultaneously, and can tolerate multiple disk erasures（greater than or equal to three） under a certain condition. Because only XOR operations are needed in the process of encoding and decoding, L codes have very high computing efficiency which is roughly equivalent to X codes. Analysis shows that L codes are particularly suitable for large-scale storage systems.

Exploration of action mechanisms of Resina Draconis(Daemonorops draco Bl.)against pain by network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis

Background:Resina Draconis is a traditional Chinese medicine mainly used to treat pain.However,the pharmacological mechanisms and chemical composition of Resina Draconis are not clear yet.Methods:In this study,based on the 21 main active components of Resina Draconis previously analyzed by our group,the potential action targets of the active components were predicted and screened out by using the databases such as Swiss Target Prediction and Pharmapper.The genes corresponding to the related targets were retrieved by UniProt and GeneCards,and then the"component-target"network model was established using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software.The protein-protein interaction network was constructed by using STRING database for analysis.The STRING database was used for enrichment analysis of gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathways to explore the underlying action mechanisms.Result:A total of 21 main analgesic active components of Resina Draconis and 77 intersecting targets of Resina Draconis and pain were screened out.PPI network analysis indicated that such targets as albumin(ALB),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(AKT1)and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)might be the core targets of analgesia.Through gene ontology enrichment analysis,a total of 169 gene ontology entries were obtained(P<0.01),including 111 biological processes,31 molecular functions and 27 cellular components.Through enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways,a total of 112(P<0.01)signaling pathways were screened.Conclusion:Dracaenogenins A,Resveratrol and 7,4′-dihydroxyflavone in Resina Draconis may be the main material basis for analgesia,which can interact with multiple targets such as AlB,AKT1,TNF,and EGFR,and exerts analgesic effect through signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,and Rap1 signaling pathway.

Functional Verification for Agile Processor Development: A Case for Workflow Integration

Agile hardware development methodology has been widely adopted over the past decade.Despite the research progress,the industry still doubts its applicability,especially for the functional verification of complicated processor chips.Functional verification commonly employs a simulation-based method of co-simulating the design under test with a reference model and checking the consistency of their outcomes given the same input stimuli.We observe limited collaboration and information exchange through the design and verification processes,dramatically leading to inefficiencies when applying the conventional functional verification workflow to agile development.In this paper,we propose workflow integration with collaborative task delegation and dynamic information exchange as the design principles to effectively address the challenges on functional verification under the agile development model.Based on workflow integration,we enhance the functional verification workflows with a series of novel methodologies and toolchains.The diff-rule based agile verification methodology(DRAV)reduces the overhead of building reference models with runtime execution information from designs under test.We present the RISC-V implementation for DRAV,DiffTest,which adopts information probes to extract internal design behaviors for co-simulation and debugging.It further integrates two plugins,namely XFUZZ for effective test generation guided by design coverage metrics and LightSSS for efficient fault analysis triggered by co-simulation mismatches.We present the integrated workflows for agile hardware development and demonstrate their effectiveness in designing and verifying RISC-V processors with 33 functional bugs found in NutShell.We also illustrate the efficiency of the proposed toolchains with a case study on a functional bug in the L2 cache of XiangShan.

Guidelines for burn rehabilitation in China

Quality of life and functional recovery after burn injury is the final goal of burn care,especially as most of burn patients survive the injury due to advanced medical science.However,dysfunction,disfigurement,contractures,psychological problems and other discomforts due to burns and the consequent scars are common,and physical therapy and occupational therapy provide alternative treatments for these problems of burn patients.This guideline,organized by the Chinese Burn Association and Chinese Association of Burn Surgeons aims to emphasize the importance of team work in burn care and provide a brief introduction of the outlines of physical and occupational therapies during burn treatment,which is suitable for the current medical circumstances of China.It can be used as the start of the tools for burn rehabilitation.

Structural Evolution During Mechanical Milling of Bimodal-Sized Al_2O_3 Particles Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite

Hybrid aluminum matrix composite powders reinforced with bimodal-sized Al2O3 particles were synthesized by mechanical milling.Two different approaches were investigated for the addition of submicron-and nano-sized Al2O3 particles to the aluminum powders,It was observed that the simultaneous addition of bimodal-sized Al2O3 particles to the aluminum powders resulted in an equiaxed morphology of the composite powders and the average particle size stabilized after 5 h of milling,indicating that the presence of bimodal-sized particles has greater effect on accelerating milling process as compared to nano-sized particles;the grain size of the aluminum matrix in composite powders was reduced to under 40 nm,approximate to the value obtained in the separate addition case,while a lower rate of refining was observed due to hindrance of submicron-sized particles on the interactions between nano-sized particles and the aluminum matrix.

ROS-responsive biomimetic nanoparticles for potential application in targeted anti-atherosclerosis

The development of nanomedicines provides new opportunities for the treatment of atherosclerosis(AS)due to their great advantages such as the improved drug solubility,enhanced bioavailability and reduced side effects.Despite these advantages,nanomedicines are still facing some challenges.The problems remain in the short circulation life,lack of specific targeting and poor drug release controllability.In order to overcome the shortages of conventional nanomedicines,the combination of biomimetic strategy with smart nanoagents has been proposed.In light with the high reactive oxygen species(ROS)level in AS microenvironment and the fact that macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AS,we fabricated ROS-responsive biomimetic nanoparticles(NPs),which camouflaged macrophage membrane(MM)on ROS-responsive NPs loaded with rapamycin(RNPs)for potential application in AS therapy.The resulting ROSresponsive biomimetic NPs(MM/RNPs)exhibited favorable hydrodynamic size with negative surface charge,retained the functional proteins from MM,and showed ROS-responsive drug release.Because of the biomimetic camouflaging on surface,MM/RNPs could effectively escape from macrophages uptake and target to inflammatory endothelial cells.Meanwhile,MM/RNPs could inhibit the proliferation of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in vitro.Furthermore,the MM-coated NPs were found to be nontoxic in both cytotoxicity assay and in vivo toxicity evaluation.Consequently,these results demonstrated that MM/RNPs could be a potential candidate of drug delivery system for safe and effective anti-AS applications.

Predictors of functional independence, quality of life, and return to work in patients with burn injuries in China's Mainland

Background:Burn injury may be associated with long-term rehabilitation and disability,while research studies on the functional performance after injuries,quality of life(QOL),and abilities to return to work of burn patients are limited.These outcomes are related not just to the degree and nature of injuries,but also to the socio-economical background of the society.This study aimed to identify the factors which might affect burn patients’abilities to reintegrate back to the society based on a sample in China's Mainland.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to collect data of demographic characteristics,medical data about burn injuries,physical and psychological status,and self-perceived QOL at the initial phase and upon discharge from a rehabilitation hospital,timing of rehabilitation,and duration of rehabilitation intervention.Four hundred fifteen patients with burn injuries were recruited in the study.Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to obtain a model to predict the functional abilities and the perceived QOL at discharge and their changes during rehabilitation,as well as the post-injury work status within 6 months after discharge.Results:The functional performance at discharge and its change were significantly predicted by the functional abilities and QOL at the admission,duration of treatment,timing of rehabilitation,payer source,and total body surface area burned.The perceived QOL at discharge and its change were significantly predicted by the baseline QOL at admission and duration of treatment.The significant predictors of work status within 6 months post-discharge included age,education,payer source,total body surface area burned,perceived QOL,and bodily pain at admission.Conclusions:The present study identified a number of factors affecting the rehabilitation outcomes of people with burn injuries.Identification of these predictors may help clinicians assess the rehabilitation potential of burn survivors and assist in resource allocation.Policy makers should ensure that resources are adequate to improve the outcomes based on these factors.

An approach for detecting LDoS attack based on cloud model

Cybersecurity has always been the focus of Internet research.An LDoS attack is an intelligent type of DoS attack,which reduces the quality of network service by periodically sending high-speed but short-pulse attack traffic.Because of its concealment and low average rate,the traditional DoS attack detection methods are challenging to be effective.The existing LDoS attack detection methods generally have the problems of high FPR and FNR.A cloud model-based LDoS attack detection method is proposed,and a classifier based on SVM is used to train and classify the feature parameters.The detection method is verified and tested in the NS2 simulation platform and Test-bed network environment.Compared with the existing research results,the proposed method requires fewer samples,and it has lower FPR and FNR.

The Stochastic Wave Equations Driven by Fractional and Colored Noises

We investigate a wave equation in the plane with an additive noise which is fractional in time and has a non-degenerate spatial covariance. The equation is shown to admit a process-valued solution. Also we give a continuity modulus of the solution, and the HSlder continuity is presented.

Chemical constituents and their pharmacological activities of plants from Cichorium genus

Plants of genus Cichorium are famous due to their therapeutic and medicinal properties.They are used as traditional medicine and edible food.To date,several scholars concentrated on compounds belonging to coumarins,flavonoids,sesquiterpenoids,triterpenoids,steroids,organic acids and other chemical constituents.Pharmacological effects such as photo-protective,hepatoprotective,anti-diabetic and lipid lowering,antioxidant,anti-inflammation,antifungal,antimalarial,increased bone mineral density,as well as vasorelaxant and antitumour activity were wildly reported.In this study,botanical resources,ethnopharmacological application,chemical constituents and bioactivities,as well as safety and toxicity of clinical applications of genus Cichorium were reviewed,which may provide a reliable basis for further development and utilization of Cichorium genetic resources.

Epidemiology of community pre-hypertensive patients and related risk factors in Chengdu city

Objective:This study aims to explore the epidemiologic characteristics of pre-hypertension,its related risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and its relativity with metabolic disorders among community residents of Chengdu city.Methods:Cluster random sampling was performed in three districts and counties of Chengdu.A total of 3524 residents(resident for≥1 year,≥18 years of age)were enrolled in the investigation.All the participants were interviewed in the questionnaire survey.Physical examination,blood pressure measurements,and blood sampling were also performed.Results:The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension was 34.07%.The prevalence of prehyper-tension was higher in males than in females(41.16%vs.23.89%,P<0.05).The prevalence of pre-hypertension among patients with systolic/diastolic blood pressures of 120-129 mmHg/80-84 mmHg and 130-139 mmHg/85-89 mmHg were 34.90%and 17.16%,respectively.The prevalence of pre-hypertension increased with age,reaching a peak at 30-39 years(39.93%),and then declined.Multi-ple risk factors for cardiovascular disease were more common in patients with hypertension and pre-hypertension than in the population with normal blood pressure.Pre-hypertension was associated with increased fasting blood glucose and increased relative risks of hypertriglyceridemia,hyperuricemia,overweight,obesity,and abdominal obesity,compared with patients who had normal blood pressure.Conclusion:The prevalence of pre-hypertension in residents of Chengdu was high.Multiple metabolic disorders were already present in the population,and multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors were more common than in the population with normal blood pressure.Early screening for cardiovascular risk factors should be performed in patients with pre-hypertension.In addition,comprehensive measures,such as lifestyle improvement and medications,should be implemented.