Superhydrophobic and corrosion-resistant siloxane-modified MgAl-LDHs coatings on magnesium alloy prepared under mild conditions

We have developed a superhydrophobic and corrosion-resistant LDH-W/PFDTMS composite coating on the surface of Mg alloy.This composite comprised a tungstate-intercalated(LDH-W)underlayer that was grown at low temperature(relative to hydrothermal reaction conditions)under atmospheric pressure and an outer polysiloxane layer created from a solution containing perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane(PFDTMS)using a simple immersion method.The successful intercalation of tungstate into the LDH phase and the following formation of the polysiloxane layer were confirmed through X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion resistance of the LDH-W film,both before and after the PFDTMS modification,was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),Tafel curves,and immersion experiments.The results showed that Mg coated with LDH-W/PFDTMS exhibited significantly enhanced corrosion protection compared to the unmodified LDHW film,with no apparent signs of corrosion after exposure to 3.5wt%NaCl solution for 15 d.Furthermore,the LDH-W/PFDTMS coating demonstrated superior superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties against water and several common beverages,as confirmed by static contact angle and water-repellency tests.These results offer valuable insights into preparing superhydrophobic and corrosion-resistant LDH-based composite coatings on Mg alloy surfaces under relatively mild reaction conditions.

Lenalidomide regulates the CCL21/CCR7/ERK1/2 axis to inhibit migration and proliferation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Background:The prognostic significance of the chemokine receptor CCR7 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)has been reported previously.However,the detailed mechanisms of CCR7 in DLBCL,particularly regarding its interaction with lenalidomide treatment,are not fully understood.Methods:Our study utilized bioinformatics approaches to identify hub genes in SU-DHL-2 cell lines treated with lenalidomide compared to control groups.Immunohistochemical data and clinical information from 122 patients with DLBCL were analyzed to assess the correlation of CCR7 and p-ERK1/2 expression with the prognosis of DLBCL.Furthermore,in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to clarify the role of CCR7 in the response of DLBCL to lenalidomide treatment.Results:Our bioinformatics analysis pinpointed CCR7 as a hub gene in the context of lenalidomide treatment in DLBCL.Notably,31.14%and 36.0%(44/122)of DLBCL cases showed positive expression for CCR7 and ERK1/2 respectively,establishing them as independent prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in DLBCL via multivariate Cox regression analysis.Additionally,our studies demonstrated that the external application of the protein CCL21 promoted proliferation,migration,invasion,and activation of the ERK1/2 pathway in SU-DHL-2 and OCI-LY3 cell lines with high levels of CCR7 expression.This effect was mitigated by CCR7 silencing through siRNA,application of ERK inhibitors,or lenalidomide treatment.In vivo experiments reinforced the efficacy of lenalidomide,significantly reducing tumor growth rate,tumor mass,serum total LDH levels,and expression of CCR7 and p-ERK1/2 in a SUDHL-2 xenograft model in nude mice(p<0.05).Conclusion:Our study clarifies the potential role of the CCL21/CCR7/ERK1/2 axis in the therapeutic effects of lenalidomide in DLBCL treatment.

Quantile-based optimization under uncertainties for complex engineering structures using an active learning basis-adaptive PC-Kriging model

The Reliability-Based Design Optimization(RBDO)of complex engineering structures considering uncertainties has problems of being high-dimensional,highly nonlinear,and timeconsuming,which requires a significant amount of sampling simulation computation.In this paper,a basis-adaptive Polynomial Chaos(PC)-Kriging surrogate model is proposed,in order to relieve the computational burden and enhance the predictive accuracy of a metamodel.The active learning basis-adaptive PC-Kriging model is combined with a quantile-based RBDO framework.Finally,five engineering cases have been implemented,including a benchmark RBDO problem,three high-dimensional explicit problems,and a high-dimensional implicit problem.Compared with Support Vector Regression(SVR),Kriging,and polynomial chaos expansion models,results show that the proposed basis-adaptive PC-Kriging model is more accurate and efficient for RBDO problems of complex engineering structures.

Wind Turbine Composite Blades:A Critical Review of Aeroelastic Modeling and Vibration Control

With the gradual increase in the size and flexibility of composite blades in large wind turbines,problems related toaeroelastic instability and blade vibration are becoming increasingly more important.Given their impact on thelifespan of wind turbines,these subjects have become important topics in turbine blade design.In this article,firstaspects related to the aeroelastic(structural and aerodynamic)modeling of large wind turbine blades are summarized.Then,two main methods for blade vibration control are outlined(passive control and active control),including the case of composite blades.Some improvement schemes are proposed accordingly,with a specialfocus on the industry’s outstanding suppression scheme for stall-induced nonlinear flutter and a new high-frequencymicro-vibration control scheme.Finally,future research directions are indicated based on existingresearch.

Investigating the mechanisms of isochorismate synthase:An approach to improve salicylic acid synthesis and increase resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat

Salicylic acid(SA),a vital endogenous hormone,plays a crucial role in plant growth and the response to abiotic and biotic stress.Isochorismate synthase(ICS)and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)are critical rate-limiting enzymes for SA synthesis.Fusarium head blight(FHB)seriously threatens the safety of wheat production,but increasing the content of SA can enhance FHB resistance.However,the pathway of SA synthesis and regulation in wheat remains unknown.In this study,three wheat ICS(TaICSA,TaICSB,and TaICSD)were identified,and their functions were validated in vitro for isomerizing chorismate to isochorismate.The mutation of one or two homoeoalleles of TaICSA,TaICSB,and TaICSD in the wheat variety‘Cadenza’reduced SA levels under ultraviolet treatment and Fusarium graminearum infection,further enhancing sensitivity to FHB.Overexpression of TaICSA can significantly enhance SA levels and resistance to FHB.To further study SA synthesis pathways in wheat and avoid interference with pathogenicity related genes,the leaves of wild-type Cadenza and different TaICS mutant lines were subjected to ultraviolet treatment for transcriptomic analysis.The results showed that 37 PALs might be involved in endogenous SA synthesis,and 82 WRKY and MYB family transcription factors may regulate the expression of ICS and PAL.These results were further confirmed by RT-PCR.In conclusion,this study expands our knowledge of SA biosynthesis and identifies TaICSA,as well as several additional candidate genes that encode transcription factors for regulating endogenous SA levels,as part of an efficient strategy for enhancing FHB resistance in wheat.

Multi-Stream Temporally Enhanced Network for Video Salient Object Detection

Video salient object detection(VSOD)aims at locating the most attractive objects in a video by exploring the spatial and temporal features.VSOD poses a challenging task in computer vision,as it involves processing complex spatial data that is also influenced by temporal dynamics.Despite the progress made in existing VSOD models,they still struggle in scenes of great background diversity within and between frames.Additionally,they encounter difficulties related to accumulated noise and high time consumption during the extraction of temporal features over a long-term duration.We propose a multi-stream temporal enhanced network(MSTENet)to address these problems.It investigates saliency cues collaboration in the spatial domain with a multi-stream structure to deal with the great background diversity challenge.A straightforward,yet efficient approach for temporal feature extraction is developed to avoid the accumulative noises and reduce time consumption.The distinction between MSTENet and other VSOD methods stems from its incorporation of both foreground supervision and background supervision,facilitating enhanced extraction of collaborative saliency cues.Another notable differentiation is the innovative integration of spatial and temporal features,wherein the temporal module is integrated into the multi-stream structure,enabling comprehensive spatial-temporal interactions within an end-to-end framework.Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on five benchmark datasets while maintaining a real-time speed of 27 fps(Titan XP).Our code and models are available at https://github.com/RuJiaLe/MSTENet.

Endometrial Cancer Research Based on Gut Microbiomics and Metabolomics:An Analysis of Correlation and Differences

Endometrial cancer(EC)is a malignant tumour that occurs in the epithelial cells of the endometrium and represents one of the most common malignancies involving the female reproductive system,with endometrioid adenocarcinoma as the most common type.In recent years,with an increasingly aging society and the growing number of obese people,the incidence of EC is constantly rising,posing a serious threat to women’s health.Some studies have reported that the interruption of digestion and absorption caused by imbalance in intestinal microbiota may lead to conditions such as obesity,hypertension,diabetes,and hormone imbalance,which are all risk factors for EC.Meanwhile,intestinal bacteria produce a series of metabolites during colonization and reproduction,which can rapidly respond to changes in the microenvironment of the body.Changes in their types and quantities can serve as sensitive indicators of physiological and pathological changes in the body.Patients with EC often suffer from metabolic diseases,which can lead to metabolic disorders involving carbohydrates,fats,and amino acid in their bodies.

The Conflict between Individuals and Society in Seize the Day

This paper explores the existential problem in Seize the Day-the conflict between individuals and society in modern society.With a brief introduction of Saul Bellow and the novel,the paper emphasizes the analysis of the conflict and the sources of the conflict.Besides,Saul Bellow uses many rhetorical devices to intensify the conflict.The analysis of these rhetorical devices is beneficial for us to interpret and understand the true meaning of the novel.Through the study of Bellow’s vision and the novel’s metaphorical meaning,we may find an effective solution to the conflict that our human being is involved in,and realize the social values of this novel.

芬顿氧化技术在膜上的应用现状

将芬顿氧化技术应用在膜上,不仅可以解决膜分离过程中产生的膜污染问题,而且克服了芬顿试剂不易回收、难以重复利用等缺点,引起了研究学者们的广泛关注。文中综合国内外芬顿催化膜的研究现状,介绍了芬顿催化膜的制备方法及优缺点,并将其概括为“一步法”和“两步法”;详细概述了芬顿膜在含油废水、印染废水、医疗废水、焦化废水和农药废水等方面的应用现状和发展前景,最后对芬顿膜的进一步应用作出展望。

Rheumatoid arthritis: pathological mechanisms and modern pharmacologic therapies

Rheumatoid arthritis（RA） is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the lining of the synovial joints and is associated with progressive disability, premature death, and socioeconomic burdens. A better understanding of how the pathological mechanisms drive the deterioration of RA progress in individuals is urgently required in order to develop therapies that will effectively treat patients at each stage of the disease progress. Here we dissect the etiology and pathology at specific stages：（i） triggering,（ii） maturation,（iii） targeting, and（iv） fulminant stage, concomitant with hyperplastic synovium, cartilage damage, bone erosion, and systemic consequences. Modern pharmacologic therapies（including conventional, biological, and novel potential small molecule disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs） remain the mainstay of RA treatment and there has been significant progress toward achieving disease remission without joint deformity. Despite this, a significant proportion of RA patients do not effectively respond to the current therapies and thus new drugs are urgently required. This review discusses recent advances of our understanding of RA pathogenesis, disease modifying drugs, and provides perspectives on next generation therapeutics for RA.

QPSO-based algorithm of CSO joint infrared super-resolution and trajectory estimation

The midcourse ballistic closely spaced objects（CSO） create blur pixel-cluster on the space-based infrared focal plane,making the super-resolution of CSO quite necessary.A novel algorithm of CSO joint super-resolution and trajectory estimation is presented.The algorithm combines the focal plane CSO dynamics and radiation models,proposes a novel least square objective function from the space and time information,where CSO radiant intensity is excluded and initial dynamics（position and velocity） are chosen as the model parameters.Subsequently,the quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization（QPSO） is adopted to optimize the objective function to estimate model parameters,and then CSO focal plane trajectories and radiant intensities are computed.Meanwhile,the estimated CSO focal plane trajectories from multiple space-based infrared focal planes are associated and filtered to estimate the CSO stereo ballistic trajectories.Finally,the performance（CSO estimation precision of the focal plane coordinates,radiant intensities,and stereo ballistic trajectories,together with the computation load） of the algorithm is tested,and the results show that the algorithm is effective and feasible.

靶向PDCD5-Caspase-3融合基因过表达对HepG2肝癌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的探讨靶向PDCD5-Caspase-3融合基因过表达对Hep G2肝癌细胞体外增殖与凋亡的影响。方法利用基因重组技术构建PDCD5-Caspase-3融合基因,克隆到带有EGFP基因的GV358慢病毒表达载体,与辅助质粒共同转染293T细胞,通过同源重组,获得融合基因重组慢病毒PDCD5-Caspase-3。体外转染人肝癌Hep G-2细胞72 h后,Western bolt检测肝癌Hep G-2细胞中PDCD5蛋白和Caspase-3蛋白表达,CCK-8法检测PDCD5-Caspase-3融合基因过表达对Hep G-2肝癌细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术观察其对细胞凋亡的影响。结果 PDCD5-Caspase-3融合基因过表达可增加Hep G-2肝癌细胞中PDCD5蛋白和Caspase-3蛋白合成(P<0.05);与对照组或空白组相比,转染72 h后实验组细胞增殖能力下降(P<0.05);与对照组或空白组比较,转染72 h后实验组细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.05)。结论促凋亡基因PDCD5和Caspase-3联合表达可抑制Hep G2肝癌细胞增殖,并促进其凋亡,可作为肝癌治疗潜在靶点。

Spatial and temporal patterns of amphibian species richness on Tianping Mountain,Hunan Province,China

DEAR EDITOR,Exploring species richness patterns across space and time can help in understanding species distribution and in formulating conservation strategies.Among taxa,amphibians are of utmost importance as they are highly sensitive to environmental changes due to their unique life histories(Zhong et al.,2018).Here,we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of amphibian species richness on Tianping Mountain in China.Specifically,we established 10 transects at low to high elevations,and sampled amphibians in April,June,August,and October 2017.Our results demonstrated that amphibian species composition and richness varied significantly at both spatial and temporal scales and were associated with gradients of environmental change in microhabitats on Tianping Mountain.

Effect of germination on the quality characteristics and volatile compounds of fermented brown rice cake

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different germination times (0–48 h) on the quality characteristics, especially the volatile compounds, of fermented brown rice cake (FBRC). Post-germination treatment, the viscoelasticity of the rice pulp decreased, also the hardness of FBRC steadily decreased. The 24 h germination time FBRC is considered to have the best quality including the smallest pore average area on the sliced surface and highest sensory score. In addition, the germination treatment also positively impacted the flavor of FBRC. Compared with the non-germination, the germinated groups had higher contents of alcohols, ketones, and heterocyclic compounds. The flavor volatile compounds could be generated via the amino acid metabolism and lipid oxidation pathways. A close correlation was found between the free amino acids, the free fatty acids and the main flavor volatile compounds. Principal component analysis indicated that the germination treatment improved the yeast flavor of brown rice cake;a short germination time was found best to provide a richer flavor. Overall, this study proved that moderate germination treatment effectively could improve the whole quality of FBRC.

Vertical distribution of sediment concentration

A simple formula is proposed to predict the vertical distribution of a suspended load concentration in a 2D steady turbulent flow. The proposed formula significantly improves the well-known Rouse formula where sediment concentration has an infinitely large value at the channel bottom and a zero value at the water surface. Based on this formula and the logarithmic ve- locity profile, a theoretical elementary function for the transport rate of a suspended load is developed. This equation improves the Einstein equation in which the unit-width suspended sediment discharge must be solved by numerical integration and a contra- diction between the lower limit of the integral and that of velocity distribution exists.

Suppression of RNA Interference Pathway in vitro by Grass Carp Reovirus

The means of survival of genomic dsRNA of reoviruses from dsRNA-triggered and Dicer-initiated RNAi pathway remains to be defined. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) replication on the RNAi pathway of grass carp kidney cells (CIK). The dsRNA-triggered RNAi pathway was demonstrated unimpaired in CIK cells through RNAi assay. GCRV-specific siRNA was generated in CIK cells transfected with purified GCRV genomic dsRNA in Northern blot analysis; while in GCRV-infected CIK cells, no GCRV-specific siRNA could be detected. Infection and transfection experiments further indicated that replication of GCRV correlated with the increased transcription level of the Dicer gene and functional inhibition of in vitro synthesized egfp-siRNA in silencing the EGFP reporter gene. These data demonstrated that although only the genomic dsRNA of GCRV was sensitive to the cellular RNAi pathway, unidentified RNAi suppressor protein(s) might contribute to the survival of the viral genome and efficient viral replication.

Th17/Treg细胞比例、诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者脏腑虚损的相关性研究

目的探讨辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞(Th17/Treg)细胞比例、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)基因多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者脏腑虚损状况的相关性。方法选取2017年1月—2020年1月新疆维吾尔自治区中医医院收治的130例COPD稳定期患者,根据患者疾病所属中医证型分为肺脾气虚组67例和肺肾气虚组63例,另选取同期该院健康体检者60例作为对照组。比较3组的肺功能,血清Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg细胞比例,iNOS基因型频率和等位基因频率。采用Pearson相关分析法分析Th17/Treg细胞比例与COPD脏腑虚损状况的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析COPD脏腑虚损状况的影响因素。结果肺脾气虚组和肺肾气虚组患者的用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))低于对照组(P<0.05),肺脾气虚组患者FVC、FEV_(1)大于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05)。肺脾气虚组和肺肾气虚组患者的Th17、Th17/Treg高于对照组(P<0.05),Treg低于对照组(P<0.05);肺脾气虚组患者Th17、Th17/Treg水平低于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05),Treg水平高于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,Th17/Treg与FVC、FEV_(1)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值(FEV_(1)%)呈负相关(r=-0.407、-0.438和-0.504,均P<0.05),与肺脾气虚、肺肾气虚呈正相关(r=0.321和0.565,均P<0.05)。肺脾气虚组和肺肾气虚组患者GG基因型频率低于对照组(P<0.05),TT基因型频率高于对照组(P<0.05),T等位基因频率高于对照组(P<0.05);肺脾气虚组GG基因型频率高于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05),TT基因型频率低于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05),T等位基因频率低于肺肾气虚组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,iNOS基因多态性中TT基因型[O^R=2.417(1.336,4.691),P<0.05]是影响COPD脏腑虚损的独立危险因素。结论Th17/Treg细胞比例与COPD患者脏腑虚损有明显相关性,且随着患者脏腑虚损进展,呈正相关,TT基因型是影响COPD脏腑虚损的独立危险因素。

Growth monitoring of greenhouse lettuce based on a convolutional neural network

Growth-related traits,such as aboveground biomass and leaf area,are critical indicators to characterize the growth of greenhouse lettuce.Currently,nondestructive methods for estimating growth-related traits are subject to limitations in that the methods are susceptible to noise and heavily rely on manually designed features.In this study,a method for monitoring the growth of greenhouse lettuce was proposed by using digital images and a convolutional neural network(CNN).Taking lettuce images as the input,a CNN model was trained to learn the relationship between images and the corresponding growth-related traits,i.e.,leaf fresh weight(LFW),leaf dry weight(LDW),and leaf area(LA).To compare the results of the CNN model,widely adopted methods were also used.The results showed that the values estimated by CNN had good agreement with the actual measurements,with R^(2) values of 0.8938,0.8910,and 0.9156 and normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)values of 26.00,22.07,and 19.94%,outperforming the compared methods for all three growth-related traits.The obtained results showed that the CNN demonstrated superior estimation performance for the flat-type cultivars of Flandria and Tiberius compared with the curled-type cultivar of Locarno.Generalization tests were conducted by using images of Tiberius from another growing season.The results showed that the CNN was still capable of achieving accurate estimation of the growth-related traits,with R2 values of 0.9277,0.9126,and 0.9251 and NRMSE values of 22.96,37.29,and 27.60%.The results indicated that a CNN with digital images is a robust tool for the monitoring of the growth of greenhouse lettuce.

Whole-genome resequencing reveals molecular imprints of anthropogenic and natural selection in wild and domesticated sheep

The abundance of domesticated sheep varieties and phenotypes is largely the result of long-term natural and artificial selection. However, there is limited information regarding the genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation induced by the domestication and improvement of sheep. In this study, to explore genomic diversity and selective regions at the genome level, we sequenced the genomes of 100 sheep across 10 breeds and combined these results with publicly available genomic data from 225 individuals, including improved breeds, Chinese indigenous breeds,African indigenous breeds, and their Asian mouflon ancestor. Based on population structure, the domesticated sheep formed a monophyletic group,while the Chinese indigenous sheep showed a clear geographical distribution trend. Comparative genomic analysis of domestication identified several selective signatures, including IFI44 and IFI44L genes and PANK2 and RNF24 genes, associated with immune response and visual function.Population genomic analysis of improvement demonstrated that candidate genes of selected regions were mainly associated with pigmentation,energy metabolism, and growth development.Furthermore, the IFI44 and IFI44L genes showed a common selection signature in the genomes of 30domesticated sheep breeds. The IFI44 c. 54413058C>G mutation was selected for genotyping and population genetic validation. Results showed that the IFI44 polymorphism was significantly associated with partial immune traits. Our findings identified the population genetic basis of domesticated sheep at the whole-genome level, providing theoretical insights into the molecular mechanism underlying breed characteristics and phenotypic changes during sheep domestication and improvement.

Micro and Nanotechnology for Intracellular Delivery Therapy Protein

Proteins therapy is of great importance in the treatment of protein deficiency disease. Most human diseases are related to the malfunctioning of one or more proteins. The most effective and direct approach is protein therapy, which delivers the proteins into the target cell to replace the dysfunction protein and maintain the balance of organism. However, clinical application is frequently hampered by various biological barriers to their successful delivery. This review aims to discuss the recent advances about microparticles and nanoparticles fabricated using micro and nanotechnology for intracellular delivery therapy protein and give some suggestions about the promising delivery system.