Exploring the interaction between the gut microbiota and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling pathway:a potential therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases

The interaction between the gut microbiota and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-protein kinase A(PKA)signaling pathway in the host's central nervous system plays a crucial role in neurological diseases and enhances communication along the gut–brain axis.The gut microbiota influences the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway through its metabolites,which activates the vagus nerve and modulates the immune and neuroendocrine systems.Conversely,alterations in the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,creating a dynamic network of microbial-host interactions.This reciprocal regulation affects neurodevelopment,neurotransmitter control,and behavioral traits,thus playing a role in the modulation of neurological diseases.The coordinated activity of the gut microbiota and the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway regulates processes such as amyloid-β protein aggregation,mitochondrial dysfunction,abnormal energy metabolism,microglial activation,oxidative stress,and neurotransmitter release,which collectively influence the onset and progression of neurological diseases.This study explores the complex interplay between the gut microbiota and cAMP-PKA signaling pathway,along with its implications for potential therapeutic interventions in neurological diseases.Recent pharmacological research has shown that restoring the balance between gut flora and cAMP-PKA signaling pathway may improve outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases and emotional disorders.This can be achieved through various methods such as dietary modifications,probiotic supplements,Chinese herbal extracts,combinations of Chinese herbs,and innovative dosage forms.These findings suggest that regulating the gut microbiota and cAMP-PKA signaling pathway may provide valuable evidence for developing novel therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases.

GC-MS Analysis of Low-polar Components and Antioxidant Activities of Vernonia divergens

[Objective]This study aimed to analyze the low-polar components and antioxidant activities of Vernonia divergens.[Method]After extraction,the relative contents of various components were calculated with peak area normalization method.In addition,V.divergens were extracted with n-hexane,ethyl acetate and n-butanol,respectively;DPPH scavenging capacity and reducing capacity of these three extracts were analyzed and compared with that of vitamin C.[Result]A total of 29 compounds were identified that accounted for 88.30%of the total amount of low-polar chemical components.The results indicated that n-butanol extract exhibited higher DPPH scavenging capacity and reducing capacity than ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane extract.[Conclusion]This study provided a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of V.divergens.

Antioxidant capacity of chemical constituents and antiinflammatory activity of ethanol extract from Semen sojae praeparatum

Semen sojae praeparatum is a kind of plant resource used both as medicine and food and has been used in preventing oxidative damage and treating some clinical inflammatory symptoms. However, the involved active mechanisms and the pharmacodynamic material basis of this fermented legume are not clear. Therefore, this study attempts to evaluate the chemical composition and provide further insights of the antioxidant activities of isolated compounds. In the meantime, the anti-inflammatory role and potential mechanisms were investigated. The all results revealed that genistein and it derivatives showed significantly high antioxidant activity. In anti-inflammatory assay, Semen sojae praeparatum extract significantly suppressed acute and chronic inflammation. In vitro results also verified that the extract markedly inhibited inflammatory mediator production at 120 mg/mL. These effects are consistent with previous research about anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids. Our research also discussed the anti-inflammatory activity of detected constituents on the basis of literature data. It could be concluded that genistein might be showed the most powerful anti-inflammatory activity due to the presence of the phenolic hydroxyl at C-5, C-7 and C-4'. These finding highlight the very powerful antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity of genistein and Semen sojae praeparatum extract, thereby considering its availability as a medicinal or an edible treatment against oxidative and inflammatory diseases.

Deep Insight of Design,Mechanism,and Cancer Theranostic Strategy of Nanozymes

Since the discovery of enzyme-like activity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in 2007,nanozymes are becoming the promising substitutes for natural enzymes due to their advantages of high catalytic activity,low cost,mild reaction conditions,good stability,and suitable for large-scale production.Recently,with the cross fusion of nanomedicine and nanocatalysis,nanozyme-based theranostic strategies attract great attention,since the enzymatic reactions can be triggered in the tumor microenvironment to achieve good curative effect with substrate specificity and low side effects.Thus,various nanozymes have been developed and used for tumor therapy.In this review,more than 270 research articles are discussed systematically to present progress in the past five years.First,the discovery and development of nanozymes are summarized.Second,classification and catalytic mechanism of nanozymes are discussed.Third,activity prediction and rational design of nanozymes are focused by highlighting the methods of density functional theory,machine learning,biomimetic and chemical design.Then,synergistic theranostic strategy of nanozymes are introduced.Finally,current challenges and future prospects of nanozymes used for tumor theranostic are outlined,including selectivity,biosafety,repeatability and stability,in-depth catalytic mechanism,predicting and evaluating activities.

Exploring cerebral structural and functional abnormalities in a mouse model of post-traumatic headache induced by mild traumatic brain injury

Mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)-induced post-traumatic headache(PTH)is a pressing public health concern and leading cause of disability worldwide.Although PTH is often accompanied by neurological disorders,the exact underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.Identifying potential biomarkers may prompt the diagnosis and development of effective treatments for mTBI-induced PTH.In this study,a mouse model of mTBI-induced PTH was established to investigate its effects on cerebral structure and function during short-term recovery.Results indicated that mice with mTBI-induced PTH exhibited balance deficits during the early post-injury stage.Metabolic kinetics revealed that variations in neurotransmitters were most prominent in the cerebellum,temporal lobe/cortex,and hippocampal regions during the early stages of PTH.Additionally,variations in brain functional activities and connectivity were further detected in the early stage of PTH,particularly in the cerebellum and temporal cortex,suggesting that these regions play central roles in the mechanism underlying PTH.Moreover,our results suggested that GABA and glutamate may serve as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for PTH.Future studies should explore the specific neural circuits involved in the regulation of PTH by the cerebellum and temporal cortex,with these two regions potentially utilized as targets for non-invasive stimulation in future clinical treatment.

自然科学实证研究的形式逻辑模型在研究论文审读和编辑中的应用

创办世界一流科技期刊必须提升论文质量。依据2019年提出的实证研究形式逻辑模型,给出了自然科学实证研究的形式逻辑诊断图,从Chinese Herbal Medicines来稿中选择一个编案,详细介绍如何运用该模型诊断论文。实践证明,该模型可以有效完善来稿的逻辑性和提升论文创新性。

Experimental study of reservoir damage of water-based fracturing fluids prepared by different polymers

Fracturing operations can effectively improve the production of low-permeable reservoirs. The performance of fracturing fluids directly affects the fracturing efficiency and back flow capacity. As polymerbased fracturing fluids(such as guar gum(GG), polyacrylamide(HPAM), etc.) are high-viscosity fluids formed by viscosifiers and crosslinking agents, the degree of gel breakage after the fracturing operation directly influences the damage degree to the reservoir matrix and the mobility of oil angd gas produced from the reservoir into the wellbore. This study compared the viscosity, molecular weight, and particle size of the fracturing fluid after gel breakage prepared by GG and HPAM as viscosifiers, as well as evaluate their damage to the core. Results show that the viscosities of the gel-breaking fluid increased with the concentration of the viscosifier for both the HPAM-based and GG-based fracturing fluids. For the breaking fluid with the same viscosity, the molecular weight in the HPAM-based gel-breaking fluid was much larger than that in the GG-based system. Moreover, for the gel-breaking fluid with the same viscosity, the molecular particle size of the residual polymers in the HPAM-based system was smaller than that in the GG-based system. The damage to the core with the permeability of 1 × 10^(-3)μm^(2) caused by both the HPAM-based and GG-based gel-breaking fluids decreased with the increase in the solution viscosity. For the gel-breaking fluid systems with the same viscosity(i.e., 2-4 mPa s), the damage of HPAM-based fracturing fluid to low-permeability cores was greater than the GG-based fracturing fluid(45.6%-80.2%) since it had a smaller molecular particle size, ranging from 66.2% to 77.0%. This paper proposed that the damage caused by hydraulic fracturing in rock cores was related to the partilce size of residual polymers in gel-breaking solution, rather than its molecular weight. It was helpful for screening and optimizing viscosifiers used in hydraulic fracturing process.

An efficient recycling strategy to eliminate the residual“impurities”while heal the damaged structure of spent graphite anodes

The recycling of graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is overlooked due to its relatively low added value and the lack of efficient recovering methods.To reuse the spent graphite anodes,we need to eliminate their useless components(mainly the degraded solid electrolyte interphase,SEI)and reconstruct their damaged structure.Herein,a facile and efficient strategy is proposed to recycle the spent graphite on the basis of the careful investigation of the composition of the cycled graphite anodes and the rational design of the regeneration processes.The regenerated graphite,which is revitalized by calcination treatment and acid leaching,delivers superb rate performance and a high specific capacity of 370 mAh g^(-1)(~99% of its theoretical capacity)after 100 cycles at 0.1 C,superior to the commercial graphite anodes.The improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to unchoked Li^(+) transport channels and enhanced charge transfer reaction due to the effective destruction of the degraded SEI and the full recovery of the damaged structure of the spent graphite.This work clarifies that the electrochemical performance of the regenerated graphite could be deteriorated by even a trace amount of the residual“impurity”and provides a facile method for the efficient regeneration of graphite anodes.

Loss of monopolar spindle-binding protein 3B expression promotes colorectal cancer malignant behaviors by activation of target of rapamycin kinase/autophagy signaling

BACKGROUND Monopolar spindle-binding protein 3B(MOB3B)functions as a signal transducer and altered MOB3B expression is associated with the development of human cancers.AIM To investigate the role of MOB3B in colorectal cancer(CRC).METHODS This study collected 102 CRC tissue samples for immunohistochemical detection of MOB3B expression for association with CRC prognosis.After overexpression and knockdown of MOB3B expression were induced in CRC cell lines,changes in cell viability,migration,invasion,and gene expression were assayed.Tumor cell autophagy was detected using transmission electron microscopy,while nude mouse xenograft experiments were performed to confirm the in-vitro results.RESULTS MOB3B expression was reduced in CRC vs normal tissues and loss of MOB3B expression was associated with poor CRC prognosis.Overexpression of MOB3B protein in vitro attenuated the cell viability as well as the migration and invasion capacities of CRC cells,whereas knockdown of MOB3B expression had the opposite effects in CRC cells.At the molecular level,microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 II/I expression was elevated,whereas the expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)2,MMP9,sequestosome 1,and phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase(mTOR)was downregulated in MOB3B-overexpressing RKO cells.In contrast,the opposite results were observed in tumor cells with MOB3B knockdown.The nude mouse data confirmed these in-vitro findings,i.e.,MOB3B expression suppressed CRC cell xenograft growth,whereas knockdown of MOB3B expression promoted the growth of CRC cell xenografts.CONCLUSION Loss of MOB3B expression promotes CRC development and malignant behaviors,suggesting a potential tumor suppressive role of MOB3B in CRC by inhibition of mTOR/autophagy signaling.

Vasculogenic mimicry:a pivotal mechanism contributing to drug resistance in antiangiogenic therapy

The growth of solid tumors relies on establishing a robust blood supply,with angiogenesis playing a key role in this intricate process.Based on this understanding,therapeutic strategies targeting tumor angiogenesis have been developed.However,the clinical effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy(AAT)in treating tumors has not lived up to expectations.In recent years,vasculogenic mimicry(VM)has attracted increasing attention from the academic community as a longstanding but often overlooked mechanism of nonangiogenic tumor vascularization.Within the tumor microenvironment,neoplastic cells can autonomously form vessel-like structures,creating a blood supply that does not rely on endothelial cells.This phenomenon,known as VM,is a critical marker of aggressive tumors and may play a significant role in conferring resistance to AAT.In this review,we thoroughly examine the evidence,clinical characteristics,and mechanisms of VM across various tumor types and explore its potential role and importance in resistance to AAT and the development of new antitumor therapies.

加味丹参饮对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心脏功能和血清炎性因子IL-6及TNF-α的影响

目的:探讨加味丹参饮对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心脏功能、血清炎性因子白细胞介素6 (IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的影响,阐明加味丹参饮治疗慢性心力衰竭的机制。方法:SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组,心力衰竭模型组,卡托普利组,低、中和高剂量加味丹参饮组。腹腔注射阿霉素溶液制备慢性心力衰竭大鼠模型,连续给药4周,采用超声心动图检测各组大鼠左室射血分数(LVEF);利用呼吸机测定各组大鼠的心率(HR)、心排出量(CO)、颈动脉收缩压(SBP)、颈动脉舒张压(DBP)、左心室舒张期末压(LVEDP)、左心室收缩压(LVSP)和左心室压变化最大上升/下降速率(±dp/dtmax)等相关血流动力学参数,评价大鼠心脏功能。利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)检测大鼠血清中IL-6和TNF-α水平。取各组大鼠心和肺组织,计算心和肺脏指数。结果:与空白对照组比较,模型组,卡托普利组,低、中和高剂量加味丹参饮组大鼠的LVEF降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,卡托普利组和低、中、高剂量加味丹参饮组大鼠LVEF升高(P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠HR、SBP、DBP、CO、LVSP和±dp/dtmax降低(P<0.05),LVEDP升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,卡托普利组和低、中、高剂量加味丹参饮组大鼠SBP、DBP、CO、LVSP和±dp/dtmax升高(P<0.05),HR和LVEDP降低(P<0.05);与低剂量加味丹参饮组比较,卡托普利组和中、高剂量加味丹参饮组大鼠CO和±dp/dtmax升高(P<0.05),LVEDP降低(P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较,其他各组大鼠血清IL-6和TNF-α水平均有升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,卡托普利组和低、中、高剂量加味丹参饮组大鼠血清中IL-6和TNF-α水平均明显降低(P<0.05);与低剂量加味丹参饮组比较,卡托普利组和中、高剂量加味丹参饮组大鼠血清中IL-6和TNF-α水平均明显降低(P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较,其他各组大鼠心脏和肺脏指数均明显增高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,卡托普利组和低、中、高剂量加味丹参饮组大鼠的心脏和肺脏指数均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:加味丹参饮可改善心力衰竭大鼠的心脏功能并在一定程度上抑制血清炎性因子IL-6和TNF-α表达。在一定剂量范围内,中剂量加味丹参饮可使慢性心力衰竭大鼠心脏功能和血清炎性因子获得最大受益。

同步推量调强放疗在局部晚期非小细胞肺癌中的应用

背景与目的局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的标准治疗方案为放疗联合化疗,但其生存仍不令人满意。随着调强放疗技术的发展,同步推量(simultaneous integrated boost,SIB)技术成为局部晚期NSCLC的研究方向。本研究拟探讨局部晚期NSCLC采用SIB调强放疗技术的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院2015年6月-2018年12月采用SIB技术进行放疗的局部晚期NSCLC患者资料,采用Kaplan-Meier方法进行统计分析,分析其疗效、生存及治疗相关毒性。结果研究纳入93例患者,中位随访时间34.23个月,3年生存率、无进展生存率、无局部区域复发生存率和无远处转移生存率分别为53.0%、37.0%、50.5%和50.5%。3级放射性食管炎发生率为5.4%,≥3级放射性肺炎发生率为2.2%。结论局部晚期NSCLC采用SIB调强放疗技术安全有效。

宁东煤炭基地植被生态特征及矿业开发对其的影响

准确评估大型能源基地矿业开发活动对区域植被生态系统影响具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。利用2000—2017年中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)连续观测的生态系统参量,定量研究宁东煤炭基地开发建设以来的植被生态系统时空变化特征,分析矿业开发对植被生态系统的影响。结果表明,随着宁东煤炭基地开采活动的持续,区域植被生态系统的生产力及其与大气之间的水汽交换强度整体增强,归一化植被指数、总初级生产力、净初级净生产力和蒸散的年增长幅度分别为0.0053、5.10g·C/(m2·a-1)、4.10g·C/(m2·a-1)和6.62mm/a;这4种指标在空间像元上也以增长趋势为主,且未来多数像元有持续增强的特征,但生态系统的水分利用效率却在降低。空间分析表明,大尺度植被生态演变受矿业活动影响微弱,其主要受制于气候和区域性的生态治理工程。

高职会计教材编写中的术语释义通俗化问题研究

高职会计教材为高职学生的专业素养和专业知识储备提供帮助,并顺应时代发展和学生实际运用的需求。课本作为教师授课的依据,其内容质量一定程度上影响了学生对知识的吸收程度以及学生的学习热情,也会左右教师的授课理念。将抽象的专业会计术语释义变得简单化、通俗化,有利于优化高职会计教材的可读性,也有利于高职会计教材的编著和后续师生的使用。通过对教材编写中的术语释义通俗化问题研究,能够提高高职会计教材质量,提高学生使用教材学习财会知识的自主能力,同时为同类教材的编著提供可行性的参考意见。

中草药名称在英文中如何精准表达

随着中药国际交流增加,中草药药名能否精准表达不仅关系到国际科研工作者能否进行正确的科技交流,而且关系到临床用药安全问题。文章调查了科技期刊英文交流中有关中草药药名的使用情况,系统归纳出目前存在的6大常见乱象,即同物异名、同名异物、名称相近、基原植物交叉且名称重叠、药材英译混乱、药味写法不一致,举例分析其表述缺陷并说明英文如何精准表达。最后,提出英文科技交流只有综合使用中草药的法定药材名、植物学名、拼音和异名,结合英文使用习惯,才能提高药名的精准表达,提高英文论文的国际可信度。

双胍化壳聚糖全互穿网络阴离子交换膜的制备及表征

以壳聚糖(CS)和双氰胺为原料,在一定温度下通过亲核加成合成壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐(CGH),并以三聚氰胺(MA)为交联中间体,戊二醛为交联剂制备具有全互穿结构的阴离子交换膜(CGH-MA)。对该系列膜进行了红外、热重分析以及力学性能等测试,并探讨了三聚氰胺含量对阴离子交换膜离子交换能力、导电能力以及耐碱稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,三聚氰胺含量为4%时,该膜的离子交换能力最高可达2.47 mmol/g,70℃电导率达到4.4×10^(-2)S/cm,该膜在60℃2 mol/L KOH溶液中浸泡192 h后,电导率未有明显变化,表现出优异的耐碱稳定性。

国际高质量科技论文引言逻辑模型研究

引言是英文科技论文写作的难点,如何写好英文科技论文的引言对科研人员十分重要。通过选择科普论文1篇、影响因子IF 2～13之间的期刊原创论文7篇,构建引言模型,并对这8个样本进行了分析,对国际知名科技期刊论文引言的逻辑特征进行了研究。

单钳道内镜下经自然腔道胃空肠吻合术在胃出口道梗阻中的初步探索

目的探讨单钳道内镜下经自然腔道胃空肠吻合术治疗胃出口道良恶性梗阻的效果。方法2018年10月-2019年8月该院消化内镜中心通过20例猪胃及上段空肠建立离体动物模型,选择经自然腔道内镜手术(NOETS),在该模型上采用单钳道内镜下经NOTES胃空肠吻合术,以明确该手术方法治疗胃出口道梗阻的可行性及有效性。结果均成功进行胃空肠吻合,镜身可经吻合口顺利进入空肠上段,手术时间(33.6±6.5)min,金属夹8~10枚,吻合口无渗液。结论该术式成功构建胃空肠吻合,对胃出口道梗阻提供新的手术方式,为临床研究的进一步开展提供理论支持。

2000—2015年宁夏草地净初级生产力时空特征及其气候响应

草地是宁夏陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,估算其净初级生产力(NPP)对宁夏草地可持续利用与管理至关重要。采用MODIS数据和CASA模型对2000—2015年间宁夏草地生态系统NPP进行了估算,通过一元线性回归趋势分析、Hurst指数等方法研究草地NPP的时空变化规律及未来演变趋势,并分析草地NPP与气象因子的相关性。结果表明:(1)基于CASA模型的宁夏草地NPP模拟精度高,其估算值与实测多年草地NPP均值具有良好的线性关系(R=0.93,P<0.01),与MOD17产品的草地NPP空间分布基本一致。(2)近16 a宁夏草地年均NPP为148.28 g C m^(-2)a^(-1),且存在波动上升的趋势,其线性增长率为3.84 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)(P<0.01)。(3)宁夏草地NPP整体处于上升趋势,草地NPP增长的草地面积达98%,且其增率自南向北递减;宁夏草地NPP的Hurst指数在0.27—0.81之间,均值为0.53,大部分草地的NPP变化趋势具有较强同向持续性。(4)在年时间尺度上,宁夏草地NPP主要受降水量的影响,与气温的相关性较弱;在月时间尺度上,生长季草地NPP与月总降水量的相关性高,且不存在时间滞后响应现象,而与月均温的响应则存在1个月的时间滞后性,宁夏大面积分布的干草原与荒漠草原NPP对气温响应滞后是导致这一现象发生的主要原因。

MedGyn CO_2冷冻治疗对宫颈病变的疗效及影响因素

目的:观察CO_2冷冻治疗对宫颈病变(包括慢性宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变)的疗效并分析相关影响因素。方法:收集2016年4月至2017年7月在重庆医科大学附属第二医院妇产科门诊接受宫颈CO_2冷冻治疗且具有完整随访资料的患者129例,回顾性分析其疗效、并发症及其影响疗效的相关因素。结果:宫颈CO_2冷冻治疗总有效率为80.6%(104/129),其中慢性宫颈炎有效率为86.1%(62/72),宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)有效率为73.7%(42/57),宫颈病变合并人乳头瘤病毒(human papilomous viral,HPV)感染者冷冻治疗后HPV有效率达63.0%(51/81)。结论:CO_2冷冻治疗对慢性宫颈炎、CIN与HPV感染的治疗是有显著效果的,值得在临床上推广应用。