A non-opioid pathway for dynorphin-caused spinal cord injury in rats

Intrathecal injection of dynorphin into rats via subarachnoid catheter induces damage to spinal cord tissue and motor function. Injection of the kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphine, or the excitatory amino acid N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 into rats alleviated the pathological changes of dynorphin-caused spinal cord tissue injury and reduced the acid phosphatase activity in the spinal cord. The experimental findings indicate that there are opioid and non-opioid pathways for dynorphin-induced spinal cord injury, and that the non-opioid receptor pathway may be mediated by the excitatory amino acid N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.

Kappa opioid receptor antagonist and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist affect dynorphin-induced spinal cord electrophysiologic impairment

The latencies of motor- and somatosensory-evoked potentials were prolonged to different degrees, and wave amplitude was obviously decreased, after injection of dynorphin into the rat subarachnoid cavity. The wave amplitude and latencies of motor- and somatosensory-evoked potentials were significantly recovered at 7 and 14 days after combined injection of dynorphin and either the kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine or the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801. The wave amplitude and latency were similar in rats after combined injection of dynorphin and nor-binaltorphimine or MK-801. These results suggest that intrathecal injection of dynorphin causes damage to spinal cord function. Prevention of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor or kappa receptor activation lessened the injury to spinal cord function induced by dynorphin.

Erdös Type Inequality for Lorentz Polynomials

An elementary, but very useful tool for proving inequalities for polynomials with restricted zeros is the Bernstein or Lorentz representation of polynomials. In the present paper, we give two classes of Lorentz polynomials, for which the Erd?s-type inequality holds.

高超声速飞行器主被动复合一体化容错控制方法

针对高超声速飞行环境力热载荷严酷,执行机构易发生脆化、热损伤、缺损等故障,进而导致姿态控制精度下降甚至失稳等问题,本文提出了主被动复合故障容错控制方法.该方法在舵面缺失故障发生初期,采用滑模控制策略满足鲁棒增稳控制需求,同时,采用在线气动辨识方法,估计故障引起的气动参数变化,在满足瞬时增稳需求后,结合气动参数辨识结果与飞发一体化自适应控制进行控制重构,提升故障后高超声速飞行器飞发一体化控制品质.通过数学仿真对比验证表明该方法的有效性,验证了该方法相对于单一容错控制策略具有更强的鲁棒性和更好的控制性能.

Fast-Response Fiber-Optic FPI Temperature Sensing System Based on Modulated Grating Y-Branch Tunable Laser

In this paper,a cost-effective and miniaturized instrument is proposed,which is based on a tunable modulated grating Y-branch(MG-Y)laser for rapid temperature measurement using a Fabry-Perot interferometer(FPI)sensor.The FPI sensor with a 1463-μm cavity length is a short segment of a capillary tube sandwiched by two sections of single-mode fibers(SMFs).This system has a broad tunable range(1527 nm-1567 nm)with a wavelength interval of 8 pm and a tuning rate of 100 Hz.Temperature sensing experiments are carried out to investigate the performance of the system by demodulating the absolute cavity length of the FPI sensor using a cross-correlation algorithm.Experimental results show that the sensor can reach the response time as short as 94 ms with the sensitivity of 802 pm/C.Benefiting from the homemade and integrated essential electrical circuits,the entire system has the small size,low cost,and practical application potential to be used in the harsh environment for rapid temperature measurement.

Relative equivariant coarse index and relative L^(2)-index

In this paper,we define a relative equivariant coarse index for proper actions and a relative L^(2)-index.We derive a relative equivariant coarse index theorem connecting the relative equivariant coarse index with the localized equivariant coarse index.Furthermore,we present a calculation formula on the relative L^(2)-index and provide a relative L^(2)-index theorem.Our work is an expansion of the relative index theory which reflects the difference between two manifolds.

Deficiency of MFSD6L, an acrosome membrane protein, causes oligoasthenoteratozoospermia in humans and mice

Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia is an important factor affecting male fertility and has been found to be associated with genetic factors.However,there are stll a proportion of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia cases that cannot be explained by known pathogenic genetic variants.Here,we perform genetic analyses and identify bi-allelic loss-of-function variants of MFSD6L from an oligoasthenoteratozoospermia-affected family.Mfsd6l knock-out male mice also present male subfertility with reduced sperm concentration,motility,and deformed acrosomes.Further mechanistic analyses reveal that MFsD6L,as an acrosome membrane protein,plays an important role in the formation of acrosome by interacting with the inner acrosomal membrane protein SPACA1.Moreover,poor embryonic development is consistently observed after intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment using spermatozoa from the MFSD6L-deficient man and male mice.Collectively,our findings reveal that MFSD6L is required for the anchoring of sperm acrosome and head shaping.The deficiency of MFsD6L affects male fertility and causes oligoasthenoter-atozoospermia in humans and mice.

Design of novel NiSiAlY alloys in marine salt-spray environment:PartⅡ.Al-Ni-Si-Y thermodynamic dataset

The NiSiAlY material is a promising candidate to replace NiCrAlY,which can withstand the harsh saltspray conditions in marine environment.To efficiently design novel NiSiAlY alloys,this work establishes a thermodynamic dataset of the Al-Ni-Si-Y quaternary system using the CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagrams)approach.We employ this database to calculate and predict the phase constitutions and solidification behaviors of different NiSiAlY alloys concerning the content variations of Al and Si.We have further proposed the selection of the NiSiAlY alloys for serving in marine salt-spray environment with three constraints:(i)outstanding mechanical property;(ii)good high-temperature anti-oxidation;(iii)excellent corrosion resistance.This results in a compositional range of the NiSiAlY alloys with 1 wt%<w(Si)<5 wt%,11 wt%<w(Al)<20 wt%and w(Y)=1 wt%,which corresponds the L1_(2)+bcc B2+Ni_(5)Y ternary phase region at temperatures ranging from~500 to~1000℃.Our predictions are validated by key experiments,suggesting that the model-based description of the Al-Ni-Si-Y system can serve as a guidance to design the novel NiSiAlY alloys in resisting harsh salt-spray environment.