Physiological Effects of Chitosan Coating on Wheat Growth and Activities of Protective Enzyme with Drought Tolerance

Seedling period is an important stage of plant growth. This research was mainly to analysis the influence of chitosan on wheat seedling growth and physiological mechanisms under drought stress. The results showed that the group coated with chitosan significantly improved the growth index such as germination rate, wet weight, root length, root active, and impacted physiological indices such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT)), the content of malwondialdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll compared with CK under drought stress. Activities of POD, CAT and SOD increased and then decreased, the content of MDA increased under drought stress. But. variation rates of the group coated with chitosan were slower than that of CK, which indicates that chitosan can significantly improve anti-oxidant enzymes activity to clear timely active oxygen and reduce the content of MDA so as to alleviate the degree of damage in the drought stress and make seedlings grow better. The results also showed that chitosan improved chloro-phyll content than that of CK, which demonstrated that chlorophyll content significantly influenced the photosynthetic efficiency of the mutant and added wheat above ground biomass and the field experiment results showed that chitosan increased yield 13.6% than that of CK.

Physicochemical Property Testing of a Novel Maize Seed Coating Agent and Its Antibacterial Mechanism Research

We used the no pollution natural polymer polysaccharide chitosan as the main raw material, which is supplemented by other additives, to prepare a high-efficiency environmental friendly maize seed coating agent. By detecting the seed quality, maize seedling indexes, which include root activity, chlorophyll content and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and through the results we found that this seed coating agent could improve the photosynthetic capacity and enhance seedling resistance. Laboratory bacteriostasis test and study showed that the antibacterial rate of this seed coating agent has reached more than 88%. Meanwhile, we analyzed and studied the antimicrobial mechanism of the seed coating agent.

The Preparation and Performance Study of a Phosphate-Free Corrosion/Scale Inhibitor

By using acrylic acid copolymer, sodium citrate, hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA), corrosion inhibitor D and Zn2+ synergist as raw materials, a multi-component phosphate-free corrosion and scale inhibitor was developed. The performance of the composite phosphate-free corrosion and scale inhibitor was evaluated using the rotary hanging sheet corrosion test, the static scale inhibition test and the corrosion electrochemical test. And the surface morphology of the carbon steel was observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Orthogonal experiment results indicated that the optimal mass ratios of amino acid: Zn2+ synergist: HPMA: corrosion inhibitor D: acrylic acid copolymer was 0.5:10:12:1:8. It was also observed that phosphate-free corrosion and scale inhibitor based on an anodic reaction through the electrochemical corrosion experiment, its annual corrosion rate and scale inhibition rate reached 0.0176 mm·a–1 and 98.3%, respectively, showing excellent corrosion and scale inhibition performance.

Preparation and Study of a Composite Flocculant for Papermaking Wastewater Treatment

A high flocculation performance composite flocculant was prepared with sodium alginate, polyaluminium ferric chloride and cationic polyacrylamide. And the composite flocculant was used in papermaking wastewater treatment. Results indicated that it achieve the best flocculation performance when the raw material mass ratio was 2:1:1, the dosage of the composite flocculant was 20 mg/L, and the removal efficiency of COD and turbidity with this composite flocculant reached 89.6% and 99.2%, respectively.

Experimental Study on a New Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor

The mixture consisted of benzotriazole (BTA), chitosan (CTS), polyacrylic acid and zinc salt has been investigated as a corrosion and scale inhibitor of A3 carbon steel in cooling water. The scale and corrosion inhibition efficiency was evaluated by static anti-scaling teat together with rotary coupon test. Compared with the phosphorus corrosion and scale inhibitor, the corrosion inhibition rate and scale inhibition rate of it increased respectively by 2.51% and 1.16%. As the corrosion and scale inhibitor is phosphate-free, it won’t cause eutrophication, considering the product performance and environmental influence, the phosphate-free corrosion and scale inhibitor is superior to the traditional one.

Study on a Novel Composite Eco-Friendly Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Steel Surface in Simulated Cooling Water

The use of organophosphorus inhibitor is diminishing because of its toxic effects on aquatic and other life. In this study, a composite eco-friendly phosphate-free corrosion and scale inhibitor HS has been developed using hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA), sodium gluconate, Zn2+ synergist and sulfamic acid. And the formula ratio of each component is 9:5:4:2. The performance of the corrosion and scale inhibitor was evaluated by weight loss experiment and the static scale inhibition test, respectively. The results indicated that HS had positive corrosion and scale inhibition effect at a dosage of 40 mg.L–1 or higher. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that HS inhibits the corrosion of steel based on controlling the anodic reaction. And the surface morphology of the carbon steel was studied by scan-ning electronic microscope (SEM). The inhibition effects were due to the formation of protective films.

Preparation of a Novel Environmental Soybean Seed Coating Agent

In the study, a novel environmental soybean seed coating agent was made of natural polymer, trace elements, trace fertilizer and biopesticides etc., with the condition of high performance-to-price ratio and environmental friendliness. Effects of this soybean seed coating agent on soybean yield were tested through the laboratory and farm experiments. The tested results showed that the soybean yield using this seed coating agent was increased by 15.46%, and its cost was decreased by 27.8%, compared with the conventional soybean seed coating agent. It’s nontoxic and harmless to human and animals, more friendly to the environment. So it has obvious economic and environmental benefits.

Preparation and mechanism analyses of a new corn seed coating agent

Due to the severity of the disease and yield losses of corn, this study had achieved a novel corn seed coating agent which was prepared with polysaccharide, fertilizer, microelement and other assistants as raw materials. The dilution and the pH value of the corn seed coating agent, were studied. And the biological toxicity and potential hazards of the agent to environmental protection were assessed. Over the whole trial, the best formula and optimum conditions of a new corn seed coating agent were determined. Also results indicated that compared with the traditional one Jinong No. 4, yields of corn was increased over 9.5%, but cost was reduced over 18.75%. To sum up, this agent self-made had three primary characteristics of high yield, less cost and friendly environment. So it had an important value of application and promotion in main production zone of corn and can bring us obvious economic and environmental benefits.

Activity test and mechanism study of an environmentally friendly wheat seed coating agent

This novel environmentally friendly wheat seed coating agent which has been made with natural polymer as the primary material could increase yield by about 9% compared with the conventionally virulent wheat seed coating agent. In the premise of this production, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and peroxidase (POD) was determined. The results show that, after treated by the self-made wheat seed coating agent, the contents of the MDA were less than traditional group and the blank control group and POD contents were higher than traditional group and blank control group, this provides a good foundation on the further research of self-control wheat seed coating agent.

Study and Application of a Novel Tap Water Flocculant

By using polyaluminum chloride (PAC), chitosan (CTS) and montmorillonite (MM) as the main raw materials, a novel tap water flocculant had been prepared. The optimal mass proportion of this flocculant was 1 g·L–1 chitosan:50 g·L–1 PAC:3g·L–1 MM = 30:11:7. Compared with the traditional polyaluminum chloride (PAC), the concentration of aluminum ion (Al3+) and suspended solids (SS) in the exit dropped 66.19% and 5.80% respectively, moreover, the cost was decreased by 9.95%. This flocculant was not only cheaper, but also provided improved flocculating function compared with traditional flocculant. The concentration of Al3+ in exit water was decreased greatly so the drinking water would be much safer.

Preparation and Application of an Low-Aluminium Tap Water Flocculant

A kind of environmental friendly novel composite flocculants which are used to treat raw water is prepared. It is made with chitosan (CS), iron modified polyaluminium chloride (CF-PAC) and modified montmorillonite on the principle of “the combination of organic and inorganic”. Under the optimum best compound formula and flocculation process, the turbidity of the waste water reduced by 0.62%, the chemical cost decreased by 12.43% and the content of aluminium ions dropped by 70.65%. There is an excellent characteristic and higher efficiency on the composite flocculant which can adsorb the organic matter in the water and chelate the heavy metal ions in the water.

Experimental Study on an Novel Environment-Friendly Coagulant for Treating Drinking Water

An environment-friendly composite coagulant for treating drinking water was prepared by using [Al 2 (OH) n Cl 6-n ]m?[Fe2 (OH) NCl6-N ]M (PAFC), chitosan (CTS) and modified starch (MS). It is called PCS. Results indicated that the best proportion of this coagulant was V (0.1%wt PAFC): V (0.001%wt CTS): V (3%wt modified starch) = 25:6:8. If compared with using traditional coagulant such as PAC, adding the novel coagulant, turbidity and the mass concentration of Al3+ in the water were decreased by 5.17% and 51.1% respectively. Rapid and slow stirring speed in Jar test were evaluated and they were founded to be slight influence. And neutral pH and room temperature allow up to 97.2% turbidity removal. Low coagulant doses reached high turbidity removal percentage, so this coagulant has obvious economic and environmental benefits.