Design Principles and Mechanistic Understandings of Non-Noble-Metal Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Zinc-Air Batteries

Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are promising energy storage systems because of high theoretical energy density,safety,low cost,and abundance of zinc.However,the slow multi-step reaction of oxygen and heavy reliance on noble-metal catalysts hinder the practical applications of ZABs.Therefore,feasible and advanced non-noble-metal elec-trocatalysts for air cathodes need to be identified to promote the oxygen catalytic reaction.In this review,we initially introduced the advancement of ZABs in the past two decades and provided an overview of key developments in this field.Then,we discussed the work-ing mechanism and the design of bifunctional electrocatalysts from the perspective of morphology design,crystal structure tuning,interface strategy,and atomic engineering.We also included theoretical studies,machine learning,and advanced characterization technologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure-performance relationship of electrocatalysts and the reaction pathways of the oxygen redox reactions.Finally,we discussed the challenges and prospects related to designing advanced non-noble-metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for ZABs.

In-situ Immobilization of a Polyoxometalate Metal-Organic Framework(NENU-3)on Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide for Hydrazine Sensing

Main observation and conclusion Detection of hydrazine originated from electrochemical media has recently gained considerable attention in the sensing field.Herein,to improve electron transfer capacity,a polyoxometalate metal-organic framework(POMOF,NENU-3)is in-situ nucleated onto the carboxyl functionalized reduced graphene oxide(CFG)(NENU-3/CFG,abbreviation N3/CFG).The N3/CFG supported onto carbon cloth electrodes(CCEs)has been investigated for hydrazine detection.The amperometric results display that the POMOF/CFG to hydrazine has a broad linear range(0.09—362.5μmol/L)and low detection limit(24 nmol/L).In addition,the POMOF/CFG-based sensors possess good anti-interference capability,boosted stability and feasibility.Furthermore,when applied to the detection of practical samples,acceptable relative recoveries of 96.26%—107.30%are obtained.

Exosomes in bladder cancer:novel biomarkers and targets

Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles that contain various types of biologically active components,including proteins,nucleic acids,carbohydrates,and lipids,which vary with the type and physiological state of the cell.In recent years,several studies have showed that exosomes can provide new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients affected by cancers,including bladder cancer(BC),and the lipid bilayer membrane structure makes exosomes as promising delivery vehicles for therapeutic applications.Exosomes have the characteristics of high abundance,high stability,tissue specificity,and wide distribution in body fluids,and are secreted as various types by cells in different states,thereby possessing great potential as biomarkers for BC.Herein,we briefly summarize the functions and roles of exosomes in the occurrence and development of BC and the current progress of research on exosomes in BC,while focusing on potential clinical applications of the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of BC.