Solid Additive-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Processing for 19%Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells

Morphology is of great significance to the performance of organic solar cells(OSCs),since appropriate morphology could not only promote the exciton dissociation,but also reduce the charge recombination.In this work,we have developed a solid additive-assisted layer-by-layer(SAA-LBL)processing to fabricate high-efficiency OSCs.By adding the solid additive of fatty acid(FA)into polymer donor PM6 solution,controllable pre-phase separation forms between PM6 and FA.This intermixed morphology facilitates the diffusion of acceptor Y6 into the donor PM6 during the LBL processing,due to the good miscibility and fast-solvation of the FA with chloroform solution dripping.Interestingly,this results in the desired morphology with refined phase-separated domain and vertical phase-separation structure to better balance the charge transport/collection and exciton dissociation.Consequently,the binary single junction OSCs based on PM6:Y6 blend reach champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.16%with SAA-LBL processing,which can be generally applicable to diverse systems,e.g.,the PM6:L8-BO-based devices and thick-film devices.The efficacy of SAA-LBL is confirmed in binary OSCs based on PM6:L8-BO,where record PCEs of 19.02%and 16.44%are realized for devices with 100 and 250 nm active layers,respectively.The work provides a simple but effective way to control the morphology for high-efficiency OSCs and demonstrates the SAA-LBL processing a promising methodology for boosting the industrial manufacturing of OSCs.

Coordinated Planning Transmission Tasks in Heterogeneous Space Networks:A Semi-Distributed Approach

This paper studies the coordinated planning of transmission tasks in the heterogeneous space networks to enable efficient sharing of ground stations cross satellite systems.Specifically,we first formulate the coordinated planning problem into a mixed integer liner programming(MILP)problem based on time expanded graph.Then,the problem is transferred and reformulated into a consensus optimization framework which can be solved by satellite systems parallelly.With alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM),a semi-distributed coordinated transmission task planning algorithm is proposed,in which each satellite system plans its own tasks based on local information and limited communication with the coordination center.Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the centralized and fully-distributed methods,the proposed semi-distributed coordinated method can strike a better balance among task complete rate,complexity,and the amount of information required to be exchanged.

Thinking on Breeding of Fecundity Genes in Guizhou Black Goats Through Cost-benefit Analysis of Mutton Sheep by SAS Multivariate Stepwise Regression

The total output value of mutton in Northwestern China has accounted for more than 60%of the total output value of animal husbandry over the years.It can be seen that the mutton industry in Northwest China not only plays a pivotal role in animal husbandry,but also plays an important role in Chinese agriculture.In this study,based on cost accounting theory,income-related theories and total factor productivity theory,using basic knowledge of statistics and economics,drawing on existing research results at home and abroad,and adopting a combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of SAS multiple stepwise regression,the changing trends of cost-benefit of mutton sheep breeding in Northwest agricultural and pastoral areas and influencing factors of production costs and production efficiency were investigated,aiming to provide reference for saving mutton sheep feeding material resources,reducing mutton sheep breeding costs,and improving mutton sheep breeding benefits.

CVTD: A Robust Car-Mounted Video Text Detector

Text perception is crucial for understanding the semantics of outdoor scenes,making it a key requirement for building intelligent systems for driver assistance or autonomous driving.Text information in car-mounted videos can assist drivers in making decisions.However,Car-mounted video text images pose challenges such as complex backgrounds,small fonts,and the need for real-time detection.We proposed a robust Car-mounted Video Text Detector(CVTD).It is a lightweight text detection model based on ResNet18 for feature extraction,capable of detecting text in arbitrary shapes.Our model efficiently extracted global text positions through the Coordinate Attention Threshold Activation(CATA)and enhanced the representation capability through stacking two Feature Pyramid Enhancement Fusion Modules(FPEFM),strengthening feature representation,and integrating text local features and global position information,reinforcing the representation capability of the CVTD model.The enhanced feature maps,when acted upon by Text Activation Maps(TAM),effectively distinguished text foreground from non-text regions.Additionally,we collected and annotated a dataset containing 2200 images of Car-mounted Video Text(CVT)under various road conditions for training and evaluating our model’s performance.We further tested our model on four other challenging public natural scene text detection benchmark datasets,demonstrating its strong generalization ability and real-time detection speed.This model holds potential for practical applications in real-world scenarios.

Time-Domain Analysis of Body Freedom Flutter Based on 6DOF Equation

The reduced weight and improved efficiency of modern aeronautical structures result in a decreasing separation of frequency ranges of rigid and elastic modes.Particularly,a high-aspect-ratio flexible flying wing is prone to body freedomflutter(BFF),which is a result of coupling of the rigid body short-periodmodewith 1st wing bendingmode.Accurate prediction of the BFF characteristics is helpful to reflect the attitude changes of the vehicle intuitively and design the active flutter suppression control law.Instead of using the rigid body mode,this work simulates the rigid bodymotion of the model by using the six-degree-of-freedom(6DOF)equation.A dynamicmesh generation strategy particularly suitable for BFF simulation of free flying aircraft is developed.An accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics/six-degree-of-freedom equation(CFD/CSD/6DOF)-based BFF prediction method is proposed.Firstly,the time-domain CFD/CSD method is used to calculate the static equilibrium state of the model.Based on this state,the CFD/CSD/6DOF equation is solved in time domain to evaluate the structural response of themodel.Then combinedwith the variable stiffnessmethod,the critical flutter point of the model is obtained.This method is applied to the BFF calculation of a flyingwing model.The calculation results of the BFF characteristics of the model agree well with those fromthe modalmethod andNastran software.Finally,the method is used to analyze the influence factors of BFF.The analysis results show that the flutter speed can be improved by either releasing plunge constraint or moving the center ofmass forward or increasing the pitch inertia.

Hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in bile duct:A proposal of new classification according to resectability of primary lesion

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with tumor thrombus in the bile duct(BDTT)is easily misdiagnosed or mistreated due to the clinicopathological diversity of the thrombus and its relationship with primary lesions.AIM To propose a new classification for HCC with BDTT in order to guide its diagnosis and treatment.METHODS A retrospective review of the diagnosis and treatment experience regarding seven typical HCC patients with BDTT between January 2010 and December 2019 was conducted.RESULTS BDTT was preoperatively confirmed by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in only four patients.Three patients with recurrent HCC and one patient with first-occurring HCC had no visible intrahepatic tumors;of these,misdiagnosis occurred in two patients,and three patients died.One patient was mistreated as having common bile duct stones,and another patient with a history of multiple recurrent HCC was misdiagnosed until obvious biliary dilation could be detected.Only one patient who received hepatectomy accompanied by BDTT extraction exhibited disease-free survival during the follow-up period.A new classification was proposed for HCC with BDTT as follows:HCC with microscopic BDTT(Type Ⅰ);resectable primary or recurrent HCC mass in the liver with BDTT(Type Ⅱ);BDTT without an obvious HCC mass in the liver(Type Ⅲ)and BDTT accompanied with unresectable intra-or extrahepatic HCC lesions(Type Ⅳ).CONCLUSION We herein propose a new classification system for HCC with BDTT to reflect its pathological characteristics and emphasize the significance of primary tumor resectability in its treatment.

Individualized nomogram improves diagnostic accuracy of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ gallbladder cancer in chronic cholecystitis patients with gallbladder wall thickening

BACKGROUND： Early diagnosis of gallbladder cancer（GBC） can remarkably improve the prognosis of patients. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for individualized diagnosis of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ GBC in chronic cholecystitis patients with gallbladder wall thickening.METHODS： The nomogram was developed using logistic regression analyses based on a retrospective cohort consisting of 89 consecutive patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ GBC and 1240 patients with gallbladder wall thickening treated at one biliary surgery center in Shanghai between January 2009 and December 2011. The accuracy of the nomogram was validated by discrimination, calibration and a prospective cohort treated at another center between January 2012 and December 2014（n=928）.RESULTS： Factors included in the nomogram were advanced age, hazardous alcohol consumption, long-standing diagnosed gallstones, atrophic gallbladder, gallbladder wall calcification, intraluminal polypoid lesion, higher wall thickness ratio and mucosal line disruption. The nomogram had concordance indices of 0.889 and 0.856 for the two cohorts, respectively. Internal and external calibration curves fitted well. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves of the nomogram was higher than that of multidetector row computed tomography in diagnosis of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ GBC（P〈0.001）.CONCLUSION： The proposed nomogram improves individualized diagnosis of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ GBC in chronic cholecystitis patients with gallbladder wall thickening, especially for those the imaging features alone do not allow to confirm the diagnosis.

Indirect robust control of agile missile via Theta-D technique

An agile missile with tail fins and pulse thrusters has continuous and discontinuous control inputs.This brings certain difficulty to the autopilot design and stability analysis.Indirect robust control via Theta-D technique is employed to handle this problem.An acceleration tracking system is formulated based on the nonlinear dynamics of agile missile.Considering the dynamics of actuators,there is an error between actual input and computed input.A robust control problem is formed by treating the error as input uncertainty.The robust control is equivalent to a nonlinear quadratic optimal control of the nominal system with a modified performance index including uncertainty bound.Theta-D technique is applied to solve the nonlinear optimal control problem to obtain the final control law.Numerical results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed strategy.

Helicobacter pylori and 17β-estradiol induce human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell abnormal proliferation and oxidative DNA damage

BACKGROUND: Biliary cancers are more common in females, and previous studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) exists in the biliary system. However, the effects of H. pylori infection and estrogen on the biological behaviors of human biliary epithelium mucosa remain unknown. The present study aimed to clarify their effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and oxidative DNA damage of a human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell (HIBEC) line in vitro. METHODS: HIBECs were co -cultured with 17 beta-estradiol (at 10(-9) mol/L, 10(-7) mol/L, and 10(-5) mol/L) and H. pylori (at MOI=0.5:1, 1:1, and 2:1) and continuously passaged until the 15th generation (approximately 45 days). Then, the following assays were performed. HIBEC proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 assay, plate clone-formation assay and by determining Ki-67 expression with immunocytochemistry; cell apoptosis and migration were investigated using Annexin-V/PI and transwell assays, respectively; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) production were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. The results were the basis for evaluating the level of oxidative stress and the related DNA damage in HIBECs. RESULTS: HIBECs maintained a normal morphology and vitality when treated with 17 beta-estradiol (at 10(-9) mol/L) and H. pylori (at MOI=0.5:1 and 1:1). 17 beta-estradiol at 10(-7) mol/L and 10(-5) mol/L and H. pylori at MOI=2:1, by contrast, caused cell death. Compared with controls, HIBECs treated with 17 beta-estradiol (10(-9) mol/L) and H. pylori (MOI=1:1) had a higher up-regulation of proliferation, Ki-67 expression, clone formation, migration activity and the expression of ROS and 8-OHdG and exhibited a down-regulation of apoptosis. The above effects were further increased when 17 beta-estradiol and H. pylori were combined (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori and 17 beta-estradiol, separately or in combination, promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of HIBECs in vitro. The above phenomena might be related to oxidative stress and its subsequent DNA damage with H. pylori and 17 beta-estradiol.

Perspectives on electrochemical nitrogen fixation catalyzed by two-dimensional MXenes

Ammonia is the most basic raw material in industrial and agricultural production.The current industrial production of ammonia relies on the Haber-Bosch process with high energy consumption.To overcome this shortcoming,the development of electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis under moderate conditions is considered as a potential alternative technology.The two-dimensional(2D)MXenes family has been proved promising as electrocatalysts,but from the currently available literature,it is hard to find a systematic review on MXenes-catalyzed ammonia synthesis.So in the present review,we summarize the key perspectives on that topic in recent years as well as outline,from a prospective view,strategies of catalyst design.We analyze in detail the methods for preparing high performance MXenes-based catalysts and the corresponding underlying mechanisms,and also discuss the criteria and potential challenges,expecting to provide inspiration for the development of efficient MXenes-based route to electrochemical ammonia fixation.

Focal intrahepatic strictures:A proposal classification based on diagnosis-treatment experience and systemic review

BACKGROUND Focal intrahepatic strictures(FIHS)refer to local strictures of the small and medium intrahepatic bile ducts.FIHS are easily misdiagnosed due to their rare incidence,and few studies have focused on the diagnosis and treatment approaches.AIM To propose a new classification for FIHS in order to guide its diagnosis and treatment.METHODS The symptoms,biochemistry results,imaging results,endoscopic examination results and initial and final diagnoses of 6 patients with FIHS admitted between January 2010 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The 6 patients were diagnosed with intratubular growth-type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(IG-ICC),recurrent multiple hepatocellular carcinoma(rmHCC)with bile duct tumor thrombus(BDTT),adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC),hepatolithiasis,small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis(SD-PSC)and autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).The initial and final diagnoses were not consistent in 4 patients.Hepatectomy was performed in patients with IG-ICC,ASC and hepatolithiasis according to the locations of their FIHS.Patients with rmHCC with BDTT received lenvatinib/sintilimab,while patients with SD-PSC and AIH received UDCA.We proposed the following classification system for FIHS:type I:FIHS located within one segment of the liver;type II:FIHS located at the confluence of the bile ducts of one segment or two adjacent segments;type III:FIHS connected to the left or right hepatic duct;and type IV:Multiple FIHS located in both lobes of the liver.CONCLUSION Our proposed classification system might help to guide the diagnosis and treatment of FIHS.Hepatectomy should be performed not only for malignant FIHS but also for benign strictures with severe secondary damage that cannot be improved by nonsurgical methods.

AR Model Based on Time Series Modeling for Predicting Egg Market Price in 2021

Eggs,as a meat consumer product in China,are closely related to the vegetable basket project.Exploring and predicting the future trend of egg market price is of great significance for stabilizing egg price and market supply.In this study,the time series AR model was used for fitting the egg market prices in the 66 d from January 1 to March 7,2021,and the delay operator nlag18 was used for white noise test,giving pr>probability of chisq<0.005.The time series was not a white noise series,and then the stationary series was used for modeling.The optimal model was selected as the AR series(BIC(3,0)),and finally,the egg market price model AM was obtained as X_(t)=9.0556+(1+0.8926)ε_(t),which was the optimal model.The model showed that the egg price fluctuations in 2021 will be clustered,and the later price will be significantly affected by external factors in the previous period.The dynamic prediction results of the model showed that the egg price would stop falling in March 2020,and the egg price would continue to slow down in March.

Bioactive Constituents of the Seed Kernels from Vernicia fordii

A new compound,(2′R)-(5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)methyl octanoate(1),together with 9 known ones(2-10)were isolated from the bioactive extract of the seed kernels from Vernicia fordii.Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses,including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)and High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectroscopy(HRESI-MS).Their cytotoxicities against three human cancer cell lines(A549,HepG2 and Caco2 cells)and anti-neuroinflammatory effects were evaluated.Cytotoxicity assay revealed that compound 9 could inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells,while compound 6 had a moderate inhibitory effect against A549 cells.Further anti-neuroinflammatory activity assay showed that compound 10 exhibited moderate inhibitory effect on the release of NO in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells.

Study on the mechanism of Wikstroemia indica in the treatment of inflammatory diseases based on network pharmacology

Wiksroemia indica belongs to the family of Thymelaeaceae.As a material of Traditional Chinese Medicine,it is mainly used to treat inflammation-related diseases.However,due to its complex composition,the scientific basis for its traditional application is still insufficient and the mechanism of action is still unclear.At present,most studies on its anti-inflammatory effect focus on a certain component and its different solvent fractions.There are few reports about the synergistic mechanism of the constituents from W.indica for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Therefore,the present study aimed to uncover its potential mechanism from a holistic perspective using the network pharmacology approach.Firstly,compounds in W.indica and genes associated with inflammatory diseases were obtained.Then,the active compounds were screened out and their targets were predicted.After that,the key targets for W.indica to treat inflammatory diseases were screened out.Finally,the protein-protein interaction(PPI),Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses of key targets were performed to further study the mechanism of W.indica in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.The results showed that the active constituents of W.indica might play an anti-inflammatory role through the key targets CYP19A1 and CYP1B1,which clarified the primary mechanism for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and provided a scientific basis for further study of this herb.

Studies on the chemical components and biological activities of the genus of Juncus

Juncus is the largest genus of Juncaceae family,with about 240 species around the world.There are 77 species,1 variety and 10 deformations grown in China.Up to now,117 components have been identified as phenanthrenes and dihydrophenanthrenes,which are the characteristic constituents of this genus,and 48 ones have been identified as triterpenoids,glycerides,coumarins,flavonoids from this genus.The reported constituents displayed diverse bioactivities,including antiproliferative,antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anxiolytic,sedative,spasmolytic,anticholinesterase and antialgal effects.This review summarized the research progress on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of the genus of Juncus so far.

Theoretical predictions of viscosity of methane under confined conditions

Density functional theory has been confirmed as a reliable approach in the descriptions of inhomogeneous fluids.By integrating the density functional theory into the revised local average density model, a theoretical approach is constructed to investigate the local shear viscosity in the confined conditions. In the density functional theory,the weighted density approximation for attractive part and the modified fundamental measure theory for repulsion contribution are adopted to accurately describe the inhomogeneous systems. By comparing with simulation data, the theoretical model is tested. In this work, the shear viscosities of methane are calculated in different external fields(on a hard wall, a solvophobic wall and in slit pores with different widths). In addition, the effects of temperature on the local density and viscosity are also considered. It shows that the effect of temperature on the shear viscosity is more obvious on solid surfaces. The calculation provides an approach to determine the viscosity under confined conditions, which is extremely significant in real industrial applications.

Studies on the Chemical Components and Biological Activities of the genus of Caragana

The genus Caragana is a member of the family of Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae and there are 62 species, 9 varieties, 12 deformations grown in China. More than 200 components have been identified as flavonoids, stilbenoids, which are the major constituents of this genus, and phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, alkaloids also have been isolated from this genus. Modern pharmacological studies suggest diverse pharmacological activities of the herbals from the genus, including anti-tumor, antiinflammatory, anti-virus, and anti-oxidant activities. This review summarized the update research progress on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of the Cragana genus.

An Integrated Image Task Planning in Satellite Networks:From Instruction Release and Observation Perspective

The unreasonable observation arrangements in the satellite operation control center(SOCC)may result in the observation data cannot be downloaded as scheduled.Meanwhile,if the operation instructions released by the satellite telemetry tracking center(STTC)for the on-board payloads are not injected on the specific satellites in time,the corresponding satellites cannot perform the observation operations as planned.Therefore,there is an urgent need to design an integrated instruction release,and observation task planning(I-IRO-TP)scheme by efficiently collaborating the SOCC and STTC.Motivated by this fact,we design an interaction mechanism between the SOCC and the STTC,where we first formulate the I-IRO-TP problem as a constraint satisfaction problem aiming at maximizing the number of completed tasks.Furthermore,we propose an interactive imaging task planning algorithm based on the analysis of resource distribution in the STTC during the previous planning periods to preferentially select the observation arcs that not only satisfy the requirements in the observation resource allocation phase but also facilitate the arrangement of measurement and control instruction release.We conduct extensive simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of the number of completed tasks.

Reinforcement⁃Learning⁃Based Appointed⁃Time Prescribed Performance Attitude Control for Rigid Spacecraft

This paper addresses a geometric control algorithm for the attitude tracking problem of the rigid spacecraft modeled on SO(3).Considering the topological and geometric properties of SO(3),we introduced a smooth positive attitude error function to convert the attitude tracking issue on SO(3)into the stabilization counterpart on its Lie algebra.The error transformation technique was further utilized to ensure the assigned transient and steady state performance of the attitude tracking error with the aid of a well⁃designed assigned⁃time performance function.Then,using the actor⁃critic(AC)neural architecture,an adaptive reinforcement learning approximator was constructed,in which the actor neural network(NN)was utilized to approximate the unknown nonlinearity online.A critic function was introduced to tune the next phase of the actor neural network operation for performance improvement via supervising the system performance.A rigorous stability analysis was presented to show that the assigned system performance can be achieved.Finally,the effectiveness and feasibility of the constructed control strategy was verified by the numerical simulation.

A_(2)B_(7)-type La-Mg-Ni alloys prepared by Mg thermal diffusion for improved hydrogen storage performance

A novel approach based on thermal diffusion was used to achieve controllable Mg content in A_(2)B_(7)-type La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.The formation mechanism of the A_(2)B_(7)-type phase as a result of the thermal diffusion process and the effect of Mg content on hydrogen storage performance were investigated.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns and Rietveld refinement results showed that increased Mg transformed the LaNi_(5)phase in the La_(0.74)Sm_(0.03)Y_(0.23)Ni_(4.32)Al_(0.04)precursor alloy into a superlattice structure.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images showed that Mg was evenly distributed in the alloy bulk.Mg in the superlattice significantly inhibited the phase decomposition of the superlattice structure during the hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles.An A_(2)B_(7)-type La_(0.57)Sm_(0.02)Y_(0.18)Mg_(0.23)Ni_(3.38)Al_(0.03)alloy composed of Gd_(2)Co_(7)and Ce_(2)Ni_(7)phases was successfully synthesized.The pressure-composition isotherm profiles showed that the alloy had a hydrogen storage capacity as high as 1.73 wt%,with good cycling stability.After 50 cycles of hydrogen absorption/desorption,the alloy retained a hydrogen storage capacity of 1.45 wt%,with a capacity retention rate of up to 84.28%.The Mg thermal diffusion process thus provides a new approach for the controlled preparation of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.