This study investigates the carrier transport of heterojunction channel in oxide semiconductor thin-film transistor(TFT)using the elevated-metal metal-oxide(EMMO)architecture and indium−zinc oxide(InZnO).The heterojun...This study investigates the carrier transport of heterojunction channel in oxide semiconductor thin-film transistor(TFT)using the elevated-metal metal-oxide(EMMO)architecture and indium−zinc oxide(InZnO).The heterojunction band diagram of InZnO bilayer was modified by the cation composition to form the two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)at the interface quantum well,as verified using a metal−insulator−semiconductor(MIS)device.Although the 2DEG indeed contributes to a higher mobility than the monolayer channel,the competition and cooperation between the gate field and the built-in field strongly affect such mobility-boosting effect,originating from the carrier inelastic collision at the heterojunction interface and the gate field-induced suppression of quantum well.Benefited from the proper energy-band engineering,a high mobility of 84.3 cm2·V^(−1)·s^(−1),a decent threshold voltage(V_(th))of−6.5 V,and a steep subthreshold swing(SS)of 0.29 V/dec were obtained in InZnO-based heterojunction TFT.展开更多
暖切变型暖区暴雨(WSWR)是存在暖式切变线作为天气背景的暖区暴雨(WR)类型。本研究基于WR与切变线的定义,综合中尺度暴雨团、锋面、切变线等客观识别标准,利用中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐小时网格数据集以及ERA5再分析资料对201...暖切变型暖区暴雨(WSWR)是存在暖式切变线作为天气背景的暖区暴雨(WR)类型。本研究基于WR与切变线的定义,综合中尺度暴雨团、锋面、切变线等客观识别标准,利用中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐小时网格数据集以及ERA5再分析资料对2010~2017年的江淮流域WSWR进行客观识别与验证。8年共确定WR雨团1268个,WSWR雨团451个,其高频区位于皖赣鄂三省交界处及江浙沿海区域,且WSWR雨团与WR雨团的频次大值区分布基本一致。WSWR雨团多出现在6月中旬到7月中旬,此期间WR雨团中40%以上是WSWR雨团,雨团出现的位置随主雨带一致向北推进,其平均最大降水量为29 mm h^(-1)。WSWR出现频次的日变化呈现双峰结构,分别出现在08~13时(北京时,下同)、20~22时,雨团的小时降水量高峰值主要出现在午后(13~19时)和清晨(01~05时)。展开更多
Three-dimensional reconstruction nerve models are classically obtained from two-dimensional images of ＂visible human＂ frozen sections. However, because of the flexibility of nerve tissues and small color differences...Three-dimensional reconstruction nerve models are classically obtained from two-dimensional images of ＂visible human＂ frozen sections. However, because of the flexibility of nerve tissues and small color differences compared with surrounding tissues, the integrity and validity of nerve tissues can be impaired during milling. Thus, in the present study, we obtained two-dimensional data from a healthy volunteer based on continuous CT angiography and magnetic resonance myelography. Semi-automatic segmentation and reconstruction were then conducted at different thresholds in different tissues using Mimics software. Small anatomical structures such as muscles and cervical nerves were reconstructed using the medical computer aided design module. Three-dimensional digital models of the cervical nerves and their surrounding structures were successfully developed, which allowed visualization of the spatial relation of anatomical structures with a strong three-dimensional effect, distinct appearance, clear distribution, and good continuity, precision, and integrality. These results indicate the validity of a three-dimensional digital visualization model of healthy human cervical nerves, which overcomes the disadvantages of milling, avoids data loss, and exhibits a realistic appearance and three-dimensional image.展开更多
Mathematical models for burden descending process have been applied to obtain whole burden structures in blast furnace,whereas the accuracy of those burden descent models has not been sufficiently investigated.Special...Mathematical models for burden descending process have been applied to obtain whole burden structures in blast furnace,whereas the accuracy of those burden descent models has not been sufficiently investigated.Special evaluation method based on timeline burden profiles was established to quantitatively evaluate the error between experimental and modeled burden structures.Four existing burden descent models were utilized to describe the burden structure of a 1/20 scaled warm blast furnace.Input modeling conditions including initial burden profile,descending volumes in each time interval,and normalized descending velocity distribution were determined via special image processing technology.Modeled burden structures were evaluated combined with the published experimental data.It is found that all the models caught the main profile of the burden structure.Furthermore,the improved nonuniform descent model（Model IV）shows the highest level of precision especially when burden descends with unstable velocity distribution tendency.Meanwhile,the traditional nonuniform descent model（Model III）may also be desirable to model the burden descending process when the burden descending velocity presents a linear tendency.Finally,the uniform descent model（Model I）might be the first option for roughly predicting burden structure.展开更多
The oxygen atom coordination inducing the structure reconstruction of the catalytic site is identified and recognized ambiguously,which is related to accurately declare the mechanism in a dynamic catalytic process.Her...The oxygen atom coordination inducing the structure reconstruction of the catalytic site is identified and recognized ambiguously,which is related to accurately declare the mechanism in a dynamic catalytic process.Herein,we demonstrated that the reconstructed catalytic sites would lead to a remarkable performance for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.At the initial 4-cycles testing,the in-situ formation of CoOx active sites on the Co(CoP)surface performed an increasing transient activity and selectivity toward CO evolution.The formation of reconstructive Co-O bond and the appearance of intermediate specie CO were simultaneously observed by the pre-operando Raman,revealing the dynamic relationship between catalytic site structure and the photocatalytic properties.Moreover,density functional theory calculations showed that the electronic structure of the reconstructive surface sites could modulate the ability of CO_(2)adsorption and CO desorption.The reduced barrier energy for the rate-determining step finally improved the activity and selectivity of CO_(2)reduction.展开更多
Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit analogous functions to their parental cells,and can thus be used as substitutes for stem cells in stem cell therapy,thereby mitigating the risks of stem ce...Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit analogous functions to their parental cells,and can thus be used as substitutes for stem cells in stem cell therapy,thereby mitigating the risks of stem cell therapy and advancing the frontiers of stem cell-derived treatments.This lays a foundation for the development of potentially potent new treatment modalities for ischemic stroke.However,the precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles remain unclear,presenting challenges for clinical translation.To promote the translation of therapy based on human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles from the bench to the bedside,we conducted a comprehensive preclinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of ischemic stroke.We found that administration of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to an ischemic stroke rat model reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and promoted functional recovery by alleviating neuronal apoptosis.The human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduced neuronal apoptosis by enhancing phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase,mammalian target of rapamycin,and protein kinase B,and these effects were reversed by treatment with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor.These findings suggest that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles play a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.Finally,we showed that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have a good in vivo safety profile.Therefore,human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are a promising potential agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.展开更多
Electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) dating of monazite has been developed over decades. However, limited by the detectability and analytical sensitivity of dating-related elements(Th, Pb, U and Y), the EPMA dating has ...Electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) dating of monazite has been developed over decades. However, limited by the detectability and analytical sensitivity of dating-related elements(Th, Pb, U and Y), the EPMA dating has been restricted to geological research. In this study, various probe currents, beam diameters and counting times have been utilized on a JEOL JXA-8230 electron microprobe to determine the optimal experimental conditions for measuring Th, Pb, U and Y in monazite. The optimal conditions are:(1) accelerating voltage is 15 k V;(2) probe current is 100 n A;(3) beam diameter is 1 μm;(4) the peak and background counting time of U and Pb are 200 and 100 s;and(5) the peak and background counting time of Th and Y are 100 and 50 s. We apply this method to monazite from garnet-bearing biotite gneiss in the Zanhuang area of the Central Orogenic Belt of the North China Craton. The Pb O-Th O2* isochron age calculated by EPMA data is 1 812±17 Ma(MSWD=2.06), which is similar to the weighted mean 207 Pb/206 Pb age(1 805±12 Ma, MSWD=1.07) obtained by LA-ICP-MS. This study suggests that EPMA dating of monazite as a powerful dating technique can be widely used in geochronological study.展开更多
Biochar shows significant potential to serve as a globally applicable material to remediate water and soil owing to the extensive availability of feedstocks and conducive physio-chemical surface characteristics.This r...Biochar shows significant potential to serve as a globally applicable material to remediate water and soil owing to the extensive availability of feedstocks and conducive physio-chemical surface characteristics.This review aims to highlight biochar production technologies,characteristics of biochar,and the latest advancements in immobilizing and eliminating heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in soil and water.Pyrolysis temperature,heat transfer rate,residence time,and type of feedstock are critical influential parameters.Biochar’s efficacy in managing contaminants relies on the pore size distribution,surface groups,and ion-exchange capacity.The molecular composition and physical architecture of biochar may be crucial when practically applied to water and soil.In general,biochar produced at relatively high pyrolysis temperatures can effectively manage organic pollutants via increasing surface area,hydrophobicity and microporosity.Biochar generated at lower temperatures is deemed to be more suitable for removing polar organic and inorganic pollutants through oxygen-containing functional groups,precipitation and electrostatic attraction.This review also presents the existing obstacles and future research direction related to biochar-based materials in immobilizing organic contaminants and heavy metal ions in effluents and soil.展开更多
Geochronological and geochemical analyses were performed on K-feldspar granites and monzonitic granites from the Xilinhot area, Inner Mongolia, China. Zircon U/Pb ages indicate that the two types granites were emplace...Geochronological and geochemical analyses were performed on K-feldspar granites and monzonitic granites from the Xilinhot area, Inner Mongolia, China. Zircon U/Pb ages indicate that the two types granites were emplaced during the Lower Carboniferous. The K-feldspar granites （332 Ma） have the typical A-type granite characteristics of a post-collision setting. The monzonitic granites have an emplacement age of 323 Ma. Zircon tHf values of the former range from ＋12.8 to ＋14.2, with an av- erage TDM2 of 453 Ma. The latter have lower zircon ~Hf values, ranging from ＋5.4 to ＋10.7, with an av- erage TDM2 of 798 Ma. The strong, positive ~nf values of the zircon indicate that both sets of samples are from a juvenile crust formed in an oceanic crust subduction stage, although the monzonitic granite may have undergone a hybridization of crustal materials. These results indicate a younger post orogenic event. The Paleo-Asian Ocean had closed before the Early Carboniferous and the Xilinhot area started its post-orogenic evolution with an extensional tectonic environment durin~ the Early Carboniferous.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB3600802)Shenzhen Municipal Scientific Program(JSGG20220831103803007,SGDX20211123145404006)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110029)
文摘This study investigates the carrier transport of heterojunction channel in oxide semiconductor thin-film transistor(TFT)using the elevated-metal metal-oxide(EMMO)architecture and indium−zinc oxide(InZnO).The heterojunction band diagram of InZnO bilayer was modified by the cation composition to form the two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)at the interface quantum well,as verified using a metal−insulator−semiconductor(MIS)device.Although the 2DEG indeed contributes to a higher mobility than the monolayer channel,the competition and cooperation between the gate field and the built-in field strongly affect such mobility-boosting effect,originating from the carrier inelastic collision at the heterojunction interface and the gate field-induced suppression of quantum well.Benefited from the proper energy-band engineering,a high mobility of 84.3 cm2·V^(−1)·s^(−1),a decent threshold voltage(V_(th))of−6.5 V,and a steep subthreshold swing(SS)of 0.29 V/dec were obtained in InZnO-based heterojunction TFT.
文摘暖切变型暖区暴雨(WSWR)是存在暖式切变线作为天气背景的暖区暴雨(WR)类型。本研究基于WR与切变线的定义,综合中尺度暴雨团、锋面、切变线等客观识别标准,利用中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合的逐小时网格数据集以及ERA5再分析资料对2010~2017年的江淮流域WSWR进行客观识别与验证。8年共确定WR雨团1268个,WSWR雨团451个,其高频区位于皖赣鄂三省交界处及江浙沿海区域,且WSWR雨团与WR雨团的频次大值区分布基本一致。WSWR雨团多出现在6月中旬到7月中旬,此期间WR雨团中40%以上是WSWR雨团,雨团出现的位置随主雨带一致向北推进,其平均最大降水量为29 mm h^(-1)。WSWR出现频次的日变化呈现双峰结构,分别出现在08~13时(北京时,下同)、20~22时,雨团的小时降水量高峰值主要出现在午后(13~19时)和清晨(01~05时)。
基金funded by the General Project(class A)of Medical Technology Innovation of Nanjing Military Area in 2011,No.11MA007
文摘Three-dimensional reconstruction nerve models are classically obtained from two-dimensional images of ＂visible human＂ frozen sections. However, because of the flexibility of nerve tissues and small color differences compared with surrounding tissues, the integrity and validity of nerve tissues can be impaired during milling. Thus, in the present study, we obtained two-dimensional data from a healthy volunteer based on continuous CT angiography and magnetic resonance myelography. Semi-automatic segmentation and reconstruction were then conducted at different thresholds in different tissues using Mimics software. Small anatomical structures such as muscles and cervical nerves were reconstructed using the medical computer aided design module. Three-dimensional digital models of the cervical nerves and their surrounding structures were successfully developed, which allowed visualization of the spatial relation of anatomical structures with a strong three-dimensional effect, distinct appearance, clear distribution, and good continuity, precision, and integrality. These results indicate the validity of a three-dimensional digital visualization model of healthy human cervical nerves, which overcomes the disadvantages of milling, avoids data loss, and exhibits a realistic appearance and three-dimensional image.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61290325)
文摘Mathematical models for burden descending process have been applied to obtain whole burden structures in blast furnace,whereas the accuracy of those burden descent models has not been sufficiently investigated.Special evaluation method based on timeline burden profiles was established to quantitatively evaluate the error between experimental and modeled burden structures.Four existing burden descent models were utilized to describe the burden structure of a 1/20 scaled warm blast furnace.Input modeling conditions including initial burden profile,descending volumes in each time interval,and normalized descending velocity distribution were determined via special image processing technology.Modeled burden structures were evaluated combined with the published experimental data.It is found that all the models caught the main profile of the burden structure.Furthermore,the improved nonuniform descent model（Model IV）shows the highest level of precision especially when burden descends with unstable velocity distribution tendency.Meanwhile,the traditional nonuniform descent model（Model III）may also be desirable to model the burden descending process when the burden descending velocity presents a linear tendency.Finally,the uniform descent model（Model I）might be the first option for roughly predicting burden structure.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51776072,42007327,and 41731279)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2021MS098)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2022502005),and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220930)The authors acknowledge that the XAS measurements were performed using[AS183/XAS/14123]beamline of Australian Synchrotron facility.
文摘The oxygen atom coordination inducing the structure reconstruction of the catalytic site is identified and recognized ambiguously,which is related to accurately declare the mechanism in a dynamic catalytic process.Herein,we demonstrated that the reconstructed catalytic sites would lead to a remarkable performance for photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.At the initial 4-cycles testing,the in-situ formation of CoOx active sites on the Co(CoP)surface performed an increasing transient activity and selectivity toward CO evolution.The formation of reconstructive Co-O bond and the appearance of intermediate specie CO were simultaneously observed by the pre-operando Raman,revealing the dynamic relationship between catalytic site structure and the photocatalytic properties.Moreover,density functional theory calculations showed that the electronic structure of the reconstructive surface sites could modulate the ability of CO_(2)adsorption and CO desorption.The reduced barrier energy for the rate-determining step finally improved the activity and selectivity of CO_(2)reduction.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.81471308(to JL)the Innovative Leading Talents of Liaoning Province,No.XLYC1902031(to JL)+2 种基金Science and Technology Projects in Liaoning Province,No.2022-BS-238(to CH)Young Top Talents of Liaoning Province,No.XLYC1907009(to LW)Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund,No.2018J11CY025(to JL)。
文摘Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit analogous functions to their parental cells,and can thus be used as substitutes for stem cells in stem cell therapy,thereby mitigating the risks of stem cell therapy and advancing the frontiers of stem cell-derived treatments.This lays a foundation for the development of potentially potent new treatment modalities for ischemic stroke.However,the precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles remain unclear,presenting challenges for clinical translation.To promote the translation of therapy based on human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles from the bench to the bedside,we conducted a comprehensive preclinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of ischemic stroke.We found that administration of human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to an ischemic stroke rat model reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and promoted functional recovery by alleviating neuronal apoptosis.The human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduced neuronal apoptosis by enhancing phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase,mammalian target of rapamycin,and protein kinase B,and these effects were reversed by treatment with a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor.These findings suggest that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles play a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.Finally,we showed that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have a good in vivo safety profile.Therefore,human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are a promising potential agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41602234)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,China(Nos.CUGL180406,CUGCJ1707)Open Fund(No.GRMR201901)from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan
文摘Electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) dating of monazite has been developed over decades. However, limited by the detectability and analytical sensitivity of dating-related elements(Th, Pb, U and Y), the EPMA dating has been restricted to geological research. In this study, various probe currents, beam diameters and counting times have been utilized on a JEOL JXA-8230 electron microprobe to determine the optimal experimental conditions for measuring Th, Pb, U and Y in monazite. The optimal conditions are:(1) accelerating voltage is 15 k V;(2) probe current is 100 n A;(3) beam diameter is 1 μm;(4) the peak and background counting time of U and Pb are 200 and 100 s;and(5) the peak and background counting time of Th and Y are 100 and 50 s. We apply this method to monazite from garnet-bearing biotite gneiss in the Zanhuang area of the Central Orogenic Belt of the North China Craton. The Pb O-Th O2* isochron age calculated by EPMA data is 1 812±17 Ma(MSWD=2.06), which is similar to the weighted mean 207 Pb/206 Pb age(1 805±12 Ma, MSWD=1.07) obtained by LA-ICP-MS. This study suggests that EPMA dating of monazite as a powerful dating technique can be widely used in geochronological study.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0207002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21906052,U2067215)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program.
文摘Biochar shows significant potential to serve as a globally applicable material to remediate water and soil owing to the extensive availability of feedstocks and conducive physio-chemical surface characteristics.This review aims to highlight biochar production technologies,characteristics of biochar,and the latest advancements in immobilizing and eliminating heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in soil and water.Pyrolysis temperature,heat transfer rate,residence time,and type of feedstock are critical influential parameters.Biochar’s efficacy in managing contaminants relies on the pore size distribution,surface groups,and ion-exchange capacity.The molecular composition and physical architecture of biochar may be crucial when practically applied to water and soil.In general,biochar produced at relatively high pyrolysis temperatures can effectively manage organic pollutants via increasing surface area,hydrophobicity and microporosity.Biochar generated at lower temperatures is deemed to be more suitable for removing polar organic and inorganic pollutants through oxygen-containing functional groups,precipitation and electrostatic attraction.This review also presents the existing obstacles and future research direction related to biochar-based materials in immobilizing organic contaminants and heavy metal ions in effluents and soil.
基金supported by the China Geological Survey (Nos. 1212010510507, 1212010811005, 1212011220448)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan (No. CUGL150816)
文摘Geochronological and geochemical analyses were performed on K-feldspar granites and monzonitic granites from the Xilinhot area, Inner Mongolia, China. Zircon U/Pb ages indicate that the two types granites were emplaced during the Lower Carboniferous. The K-feldspar granites （332 Ma） have the typical A-type granite characteristics of a post-collision setting. The monzonitic granites have an emplacement age of 323 Ma. Zircon tHf values of the former range from ＋12.8 to ＋14.2, with an av- erage TDM2 of 453 Ma. The latter have lower zircon ~Hf values, ranging from ＋5.4 to ＋10.7, with an av- erage TDM2 of 798 Ma. The strong, positive ~nf values of the zircon indicate that both sets of samples are from a juvenile crust formed in an oceanic crust subduction stage, although the monzonitic granite may have undergone a hybridization of crustal materials. These results indicate a younger post orogenic event. The Paleo-Asian Ocean had closed before the Early Carboniferous and the Xilinhot area started its post-orogenic evolution with an extensional tectonic environment durin~ the Early Carboniferous.
