全可视下脊柱内镜技术治疗重度胸椎黄韧带骨化症

目的探讨全可视下脊柱内镜技术治疗重度胸椎黄韧带骨化症的临床疗效分析。方法2018年1月~2022年12月,应用全可视脊柱内镜技术治疗例重度胸椎黄韧带骨化症患者共16例,男11例、女5例,年龄39~73岁、平均54.5岁;病程4~37个月、平均18.5个月,随访8~36个月。结果患者术前、术后1个月、6个月和末次随访时的胸背痛及下肢痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)分别为(7.06±0.85)分、(2.88±0.62)分、(1.81±0.54)分、(1.25±0.45)分,术后各时间段的VAS评分均显著低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。患者术前、3个月和6个月末次随访JOA评分分别为(12.43±1.26)分、(20.69±1.62)分、(23.62±1.20)分、(26.25±1.07)分,术后各时间段的JOA评分均显著优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。患者术前、术后3个月和6个月和末次随访时的Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)分别为(68.9±3.3)%、(30.9±2.5)%、(19.0±3.0)%、(13.1±2.9)%。术后1个月、6个月及末次随访时均较术前明显改善(P<0.05)。结论全可视下脊柱内镜技术治疗重度胸椎黄韧带骨化症安全性高、术后恢复快、疗效明确。

基于人工智能自动分析技术的视网膜血管形态参数测量及特征分析

目的基于人工智能技术对视网膜血管形态学参数进行全自动定量测量,分析我国北方50岁以上人群视网膜血管参数及分布特征。方法采用横断面研究方法,纳入2011年1月至2021年12月就诊于北京同仁医院的50岁以上无眼底病的患者1842例,对纳入的受试者进行标准化问卷调查、抽血和眼科检查;收集各受试者任意一眼以视盘为中心的彩色眼底照片,采用基于深度学习的语义分割网络ResNet101-Unet构建血管分割模型,进行全自动视网膜血管参数定量测量,主要测量指标包括视网膜血管分支夹角、血管分形维数、血管平均管径和血管平均弯曲度。比较不同性别间各视网膜参数的差异。采用多元线性回归分析法分析最佳矫正视力、眼压、眼轴长度等眼部因素和性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病等全身因素是否是各视网膜血管参数的影响因素。结果模型对于血管分割和视盘分割的准确度均高于0.95。1842例受试者血管分支夹角为(51.023±11.623)°;血管分形维数为1.573(1.542,1.592);血管平均管径为64.124(60.814,69.053)μm;血管平均弯曲度为(0.001062±0.000165)°。男性血管分支夹角大于女性,血管平均管径和血管平均弯曲度小于女性,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。全身因素多元线性回归分析结果显示,患有心血管疾病的人群较无心血管疾病的人群血管平均管径增大1.142μm(B=1.142,P=0.029,95%CI:0.116~2.167);血管平均弯曲度与高血压(B=3.053×10^(-5),P=0.002,95%CI:1.167×10^(-5)~4.934×10^(-5))和饮酒量(B=1.036×10^(-5),P=0.014,95%CI:0.211×10^(-5)~1.860×10^(-5))呈正相关,与高脂血症呈负相关(B=-2.422×10^(-5),P=0.015,95%CI:-4.382×10^(-5)~-0.462×10^(-5))。眼部因素多元线性回归分析结果显示,眼轴长度每增加1 mm,血管分形维数减小0.004(B=-0.004,P<0.001,95%CI:-0.006~-0.002),血管平均管径减小0.266μm(B=-0.266,P=0.037,95%CI:-0.516~-0.016),血管平均弯曲度减小-2.45×10^(-5)°(B=-2.45×10^(-5),P<0.001,95%CI:-0.313×10^(-5)~-0.177×10^(-5))。BCVA每增加1.0,血管分支夹角增大3.992°(B=3.992,P=0.004,95%CI:1.283~6.702),血管分形维数增大0.090(B=0.090,P<0.001,95%CI:0.078~0.102),血管平均管径减小14.813μm(B=-14.813,P<0.001,95%CI:-16.474~-13.153)。结论成功构建视网膜血管分割模型。视网膜血管参数与性别、年龄、系统性疾病和眼部因素存在关联。

经椎板间入路单通道内镜与单侧双通道内镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床比较

目的比较经椎板间入路单通道内镜(uniportal interlaminar endoscopy,UIE)与单侧双通道内镜(unilateral biportal endoscopy,UBE)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效和影像学结果。方法收集2021年3月至2022年10月在合肥市第一人民医院采用UIE和UBE手术治疗的50例腰椎间盘突出症患者资料,其中UIE组28例,UBE组22例。分析比较两组患者术中指标(手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、手术并发症)、不同时间点临床疗效指标(术前、术后3 d、3个月、6个月、1年)腰痛及腿痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)及功能障碍指数ODI、影像学结果(术前、术后1年椎间盘高度、硬膜囊面积及腰椎前凸角度)。结果两组患者手术后都进行了随访,随访时间为12~18个月,平均约为15个月。UIE组和UBE中各发生1例发生硬脊膜损伤,无神经根损伤,术后随访无神经根症状,腰腿痛症状也得到缓解。在围手术期指标和临床指标的比较中发现:UIE组在手术切口长度、术中出血量和手术时间方面均显著小于UBE组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3 d、3个月、6个月和1年,UIE组和UBE组患者的腰腿痛VAS评分和ODI较术前均明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,UIE组在术后3 d和术后3个月的腰痛评分明显优于UBE组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。影像学结果:与术前相比,术后1年随访时,UIE组与UBE组椎间盘高度和腰椎前凸角度变化无差异;UIE组与UBE组术后硬膜囊面积均呈现显著增加,UIE组的术后硬膜囊面积小于UBE组(P<0.05)。结论经椎板间入路UIE与UBE治疗腰椎间盘突出症的均具有良好的临床疗效和影像学结果,UIE在手术切口、手术时间、术中出血量、短期内腰痛比较上更有优势,但UBE组减压更充分。

抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎急性期严重程度及短期预后影响因素分析

目的 探究抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎患者急性期严重程度及短期预后的影响因素。方法 纳入2020年1月至2023年7月四川大学华西医院收治的60例抗NMDAR脑炎患者,根据急性期改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分分为轻症组(mRS≤3分,25例)和重症组(mRS> 3分,35例),根据我院治疗1个月后mRS评分分为短期预后良好组(mRS≤3分,32例)和短期预后不良组(mRS> 3分,28例),采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛查抗NMDAR脑炎患者急性期病情严重及短期预后不良的危险因素。结果 存在意识障碍(OR=8.975,95%CI:2.048~39.327;P=0.004)及高中性粒细胞百分比/白蛋白比值(NPAR;OR=5.004,95%CI:1.138~22.011,P=0.033)是抗NMDAR脑炎急性期病情严重的危险因素,高血清IgE水平是其急性期病情较轻的保护因素(OR=0.994,95%CI:0.989~0.999;P=0.026);女性(OR=4.380,95%CI:1.205~15.929;P=0.025)、存在意识障碍(OR=5.493,95%CI:1.535~19.657;P=0.009)及高NPAR(OR=2.949,95%CI:1.010~8.612;P=0.048)是抗NMDAR脑炎患者短期预后不良的危险因素。结论 存在意识障碍、低血清IgE水平及高NPAR是抗NMDAR脑炎患者急性期病情严重的危险因素,女性、存在意识障碍及高NPAR是其短期预后不良的危险因素。NPAR是潜在的评估抗NMDAR脑炎患者急性期严重程度及预测其短期预后的生物学指标。

改良球囊损伤联合高脂饮食建立兔腹主动脉粥样硬化模型

目的:评估改良球囊损伤联合高脂饮食建立兔腹主动脉粥样硬化模型方法的有效性,并检测早期斑块中免疫清除相关蛋白的表达。方法:采用20只新西兰大白兔,随机分为假手术组、经典手术组、改良手术组。假手术组予普通饮食,麻醉、切皮、分离股动脉加缝合,但不行球囊损伤。经典手术组和改良手术组予高脂饮食1周后,行腹主动脉球囊损伤术,其中经典手术组单向拉动球囊3次,改良手术组反复前后拉动球囊30~40次,术后继续高脂饮食4周。术后4周采用血管内超声检查腹主动脉内膜斑块情况,取腹主动脉损伤段行苏木素⁃伊红(hematoxylin⁃eosin,HE)染色和免疫组化检测。结果:术后4周,各组体重增加差异无统计学意义。血管内超声显示改良手术组斑块增生显著,管腔狭窄。HE染色显示经典手术组和改良手术组均有不同程度的内膜增生,造模成功率均为100%。与经典手术组相比,改良手术组最大内膜厚度[(174.69±53.76)μm vs.(481.50±81.94)μm,P<0.05]、平均内膜厚度[(77.49±18.02)μm vs(.262.63±53.04)μm,P<0.05]、内膜中膜面积比[0.39±0.14 vs.1.57±0.30,P<0.05]和血管狭窄比例[(19.04±5.90)%vs.(52.13±11.31)%,P<0.05]均显著增加,免疫组化提示改良手术组较经典手术组巨噬细胞浸润更为显著。相比假手术组和经典手术组,改良手术组增生内膜中抗吞噬蛋白CD47表达更为显著。结论:改良球囊损伤联合高脂饮食建立兔腹主动脉粥样硬化模型的方法进一步加速了斑块进展,造模更稳定,可靠性更高,且在早期斑块中即可观察到显著的坏死细胞清除缺陷。

脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡状态与骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形效果的关系

背景:骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的高患病率给社会经济和医疗带来较大的负担,并且临床治疗中对于最佳治疗的时间以及方法存在重大争议,经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗可减少椎体压缩性骨折的并发症,减轻疼痛,加强结构完整性。目的:探究脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡状态对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折球囊扩张椎体后凸成形疗效的影响。方法:回顾性分析2018年8月至2020年1月合肥市第一人民医院收治的74例行球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗的病历资料,根据术后随访康复效果分为疗效良好组与疗效欠佳组,每组37例。术前及术后随访比较两组患者的目测类比评分、日本骨科协会评分以及影像学资料等。结果与结论:①术后疗效欠佳组有3例患者发生骨水泥渗漏,疗效良好组4例患者发生骨水泥渗漏;②在术前与术后1个月时,两组患者的日本骨科协会评分与目测类比评分相比无明显差异(P>0.05),在术后12个月时均明显改善,其中疗效良好组明显优于疗效欠佳组(P<0.05);③术前两组患者的伤椎高度丢失率、Cobb角、骶骨倾斜角、骨盆倾斜角、骨盆入射角、腰椎前凸角、矢状面偏移以及胸椎后凸角相比较均无明显差异(P>0.05);经手术治疗后1个月,两组患者的伤椎高度丢失率、Cobb角以及矢状面偏移评分均发生改善(P<0.05);术后12个月疗效欠佳组的伤椎高度丢失率、Cobb角、矢状面偏移、胸椎后凸角、骨盆倾斜角以及骨盆入射角明显大于疗效良好组(P<0.05),而腰椎前凸角、骶骨倾斜角明显小于疗效良好组(P<0.05);④通过Pearson分析发现日本骨科协会评分与矢状面偏移、胸椎后凸角、骨盆入射角、骨盆倾斜角、骶骨倾斜角呈负相关(P<0.05),与腰椎前凸角呈正相关(P<0.05);相反,目测类比评分与矢状面偏移、胸椎后凸角、骨盆入射角、骶骨倾斜角呈正相关(P<0.05),与腰椎前凸角、骨盆倾斜角呈负相关(P<0.05);⑤提示大部分骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者采用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗后可以起到良好的治疗效果,可以纠正畸形、稳定骨折、减轻疼痛,并且患者的脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡参数会影响患者的临床疗效。

基于相继干扰消除的无线传感网低时延广播算法

近年来,传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术与通信技术迅猛发展且日益成熟,因此传感器节点日益小型化和智能化,促进了无线传感网在战场监视、智能交通、精准农业、建筑结构健康状况监测、灾难恢复、环境监控、医疗监护等军用和民用领域的广泛应用.广播的目的是将数据从源节点分发给网络中的所有节点,在无线传感网中主要用于路由发现和重要通知的发布等.无线传感网应用于战场情报获取或火灾监控等时延敏感领域时,需要将数据快速地从源节点广播给全网所有传感器节点,因此,设计一种低时延的广播算法具有非常重要的理论研究意义和实际应用价值.但是,由于无线信号传输的广播特性,节点的信号传输会对其干扰范围内所有节点的数据接收产生干扰,而信号干扰是影响广播时延的重要因素.在信号干扰约束下的最低时延广播问题是NP(Non-Polynomial)难问题,因此难以设计出多项式时间的最优化算法.现有研究工作通常通过干扰避免调度方法来设计低时延的广播算法,虽然能避免信号之间的干扰,但是不能增加可并发传输的广播链路数目,进而有效地降低广播时延.为了有效地解决该问题,本文首先设计了一种贪婪广播算法GreedyB.该算法通过构造宽度优先搜索树来实现网络节点的分层,依据覆盖节点数最多优先选为父节点的规则来构造广播树,最后采用逐层调度和干扰避免调度的方式来分配广播链路的传输时间片.在贪婪广播算法GreedyB的基础上,本文结合相继干扰消除技术设计了另一种广播算法SICB,致力于进一步降低广播时延.与GreedyB算法不同,SICB算法在分配传输时间片时,分析广播链路之间是否满足相继干扰消除的条件,条件满足时安排在同一时间片,不满足时进行干扰避免调度.本文通过理论分析证明了,GreedyB和SICB两种算法都能提供正确的无信号干扰的广播调度方案,并且两种算法时间复杂度和空间复杂度都是多项式时间的.本文通过大量的仿真实验对所提算法进行了性能分析.仿真实验结果表明,GreedyB和SICB两种算法在不同网络规模、最大传输距离、信号传输功率、噪声功率等网络参数下的广播时延都要低于现有的广播算法,性能优化率最高分别可达43.5%和52.7%.

单眼和双眼三焦点IOL植入术后视觉相关生活质量的比较

目的:对比分析双眼三焦点IOL(AT LISA tri 839MP IOL)植入与一眼植入AT LISA tri 839MP IOL而另一眼植入非球面单焦点IOL患者术后视觉相关生活质量。方法:前瞻性临床研究。收集2018-05/2019-08在我院行白内障超声乳化联合三焦点AT LISA tri 839MP IOL植入的患者45例,按是否双眼植入AT LISA tri 839MP IOL分为两组,双眼植入者24例纳入双眼三焦点组;一眼植入AT LISA tri 839MP IOL而另一眼植入非球面单焦点IOL者21例纳入单眼三焦点组。术后3mo,检测两组患者裸眼视力及等效球镜度,并通过中国版视功能指数量表(VF-14-CN)评价视觉相关生活质量,评估日常生活脱镜率及满意度。结果:术后3mo,双眼三焦点组和单眼三焦点组患者双眼裸眼远、中、近视力均无明显差异(P>0.05),两组患者VF-14-CN问卷得分(96.2±0.50、92.43±1.32分)、日常生活脱镜率(96%、90%)及患者主观满意度(96%、95%)均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:双眼植入AT LISA tri 839MP IOL和一眼植入AT LISA tri 839MP IOL而另一眼植入非球面单焦点IOL的患者术后均具有良好的双眼裸眼远、中、近视力,术后视觉相关生活质量、脱镜率、满意度无明显差异。对一眼不适合植入三焦点IOL或既往一眼已植入非球面单焦点IOL的患者,可考虑另一眼行三焦点IOL植入以满足患者双眼全程视力的要求。

“Island-bridge”-structured nanofluidic membranes for high-performance aqueous energy conversion and storage

The attainment of carbon neutrality requires the development of aqueous energy conversion and storage devices.However,these devices exhibit limited performance due to the permeability-selectivity trade-off of permselective membranes as core components.Herein,we report the application of a synergistic approach utilizing two-dimensional nanoribbons-entangled nanosheets to rationally balance the permeability and selec-tivity in permselective membranes.The nanoribbons and nanosheets can be self-assembled into a nanoflu-idic membrane with a distinctive“island-bridge”configuration,where the nanosheets serve as isolated islands offering adequate ionic selectivity owing to their high surface charge density,meanwhile bridge-like nanorib-bons with low surface charge density but high aspect ratio remarkably enhance the membrane’s permeability and water stability,as verified by molecular simulations and experimental investigations.Using this approach,we developed a high-performance graphene oxide(GO)nanosheet/GO nanoribbon(GONR)nanofluidic membrane and achieved an ultrahigh power density of 18.1 W m^(-2) in a natural seawater|river water osmotic power generator,along with a high Coulombic efficiency and an extended lifespan in zinc metal batteries.The validity of our island-bridge structural design is also demonstrated for other nanosheet/nanoribbon composite membranes,providing a promising path for developing reliable aqueous energy conversion and storage devices.

Porous zinc metal anodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries:Advances and prospectives

The intensifying challenges posed by climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels have spurred concerted global efforts to develop alternative energy storage solutions.Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems because of their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and environmental sustainability.However,Zn dendrite growth consis-tently poses a remarkable challenge to the performance improvement and commercial viability of AZIBs.The use of three-dimensional porous Zn anodes instead of planar Zn plates has been demonstrated as an effec-tive strategy to regulate the deposition/stripping behavior of Zn2+ions,thereby inhibiting the dendrite growth.Here,the merits of porous Zn anodes were summarized,and a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the engineering of porous Zn metal anodes was provided,with a particular emphasis on the structural orderliness and critical role of porous structure modulation in enhancing battery performance.Furthermore,strategic insights into the design of porous Zn anodes were presented to facilitate the practical implementation of AZIBs for grid-scale energy storage applications.

分行政区入河污染物总量监督管理信息系统构想

为保护长江流域水资源,给“河(湖)长制”的考核问责提供客观依据,研究并提出了长江流域分行政区入河污染物总量监督管理信息系统。介绍了相关研究成果,构思了系统架构,阐述了系统建设目标及主要内容,论述了系统的统计查询及辅助决策支持功能,并展望了系统的应用前景。该系统将流域的入河污染物总量监测计量与行政区域管理有机融合,集监测、监督、评价于一体,是进行水污染防治和水污染减排管理工作的一个有效工具。

非硫化型丁基橡胶防水密封胶粘带的研制

以溴化丁基橡胶、增塑剂、增黏剂、白炭黑为主要原料制备了非硫化型丁基橡胶防水密封胶粘带,并探讨了溴化丁基橡胶、增黏剂、增塑剂和填料用量对其性能的影响。非硫化型丁基橡胶防水密封胶粘带具有优异的永久粘着力和高内聚力,防水性、密封性、耐低温和追随性能极佳。

二次电池研究进展

能源的存储和利用是当今科学和技术发展中的重大课题之一,尤其是作为高效的电能/化学能转化装置的二次电池相关技术一直是科学家研究的热点领域。在此背景下,本文较为系统地介绍目前二次电池的重要研究进展,将从二次电池的发展历史引入,再到其相关的基础理论知识的介绍。随后较为详细地讨论当前不同体系的二次电池及相关应的关键材料的研究进展,涉及到锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钾离子电池、镁离子电池、锌离子电池、钙离子电池、铝离子电池、氟离子电池、氯离子电池、双离子电池、锂-硫(硒)电池、钠-硫(硒)电池、钾-硫(硒)电池、多价金属-硫基电池、锂-氧电池、钠-氧电池、钾-氧电池、多价金属-氧气电池、锂-溴(碘)电池、水系金属离子电池、光辅助电池、柔性电池、有机电池、金属-二氧化碳电池等。此外,也介绍了电池研究中常见的电极反应过程表征技术,包括冷冻电镜、透射电镜、同步辐射、原位谱学表征、磁性表征等。本文将有助于研究人员对二次电池进行全面系统的了解与把握,并为之后二次电池的研究提供很好的指导作用。

通识使之然耳:新媒体改善居民性别观念效果研究

本文基于2010—2015年中国综合社会调查(2010—2015 CGSS)的数据,研究以互联网为代表的新媒体对就业市场性别歧视的影响。实证结果表明:新媒体通过信息传播、教育、娱乐和表达自我诉求等渠道可以改善传统性别观念,从而降低就业市场性别歧视倾向,即使用互联网频率越高则性别歧视倾向越低;在控制个人、家庭、地区社会经济发展等相关特征变量后,采用地区降雨量作为工具变量的估计结果依然稳健;异质性检验表明改善效果从2010年到2015年有所加强,在农村户籍、女性受访者、中西部地区效果更为显著。本文为改善性别观念、缩小性别间不平等提供了政策启示。

Hand-sewn vs linearly stapled esophagogastric anastomosis for esophageal cancer:A meta-analysis

AIM: To compare the outcomes of hand-sewn(HS) and linearly stapled(LS) esophagogastric anastomosis for esophageal cancer.METHODS: Before beginning this study, a rigorous protocol was established according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. Databases and references were searched for all randomizedcontrolled trials and comparative clinical studies that compared LS with HS esophagogastric anastomosis for esophageal cancer. The primary outcomes compared were anastomotic leak and stricture. Subgroup analyses were performed according to site of anastomosis.RESULTS: Fifteen studies were used, comprising 3203 patients(n = 2027 LS and 1176 HS). Primary outcome analysis revealed a significant decrease in anastomotic leakage(RR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.41-0.65; P < 0.00001) a s s o c i a t e d w i t h L S a n a s t o m o s i s. A s i g n i f i c a n t l y reduced rate of anastomotic stricture associated with LS was also found(RR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.49-0.64; P < 0.00001). A subgroup analysis according to the site of anastomosis revealed a significantly reduced rate of anastomotic stricture(P < 0.00001). Although there was no significant difference in the decrease in thoracic anastomotic leakage, there was a significant decrease in cervical anastomotic leakage associated with LS(P < 0.00001).CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicates that the LS technique contributes to a reduced rate of leakage and stricture compared with the HS method.

针药结合治疗智力发育障碍心肾不足证临床研究

目的观察针药结合治疗智力发育障碍心肾不足证的临床疗效。方法将120例智力发育障碍心肾不足证患儿按照随机数字表法分为2组,对照组60例予常规康复训练治疗,治疗组60例在对照组基础上予针药结合治疗。2组均治疗3个月后统计疗效,比较2组治疗前后Gesell发育量表发育商(DQ)评分变化。结果治疗组总有效率[94.64%(53/56)]高于对照组[71.93%(41/57)](P<0.05)。治疗后2组大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言能力、个人—社交行为5个能区DQ评分均较本组治疗前升高(P<0.05),且治疗组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论针药结合治疗智力发育障碍心肾不足证临床疗效确切。

Influence of groundwater drawdown on excavation responses e A case history in Bukit Timah granitic residual soils

Performances of a braced cut-and-cover excavation system for mass rapid transit （MRT） stations of the Downtown Line Stage 2 in Singapore are presented. The excavation was carried out in the Bukit Timah granitic （BTG） residual soils and characterized by significant groundwater drawdown, due to dewatering work in complex site conditions, insufficient effective waterproof measures and more permeable soils. A two-dimensional numerical model was developed for back analysis of retaining wall movement and ground surface settlement. Comparisons of these measured excavation responses with the calculated performances were carried out, upon which the numerical simulation procedures were calibrated. In addition, the influences of groundwater drawdown on the wall deflection and ground surface settlement were numerically investigated and summarized. The performances were also compared with some commonly used empirical charts, and the results indicated that these charts are less applicable for cases with significant groundwater drawdowns. It is expected that these general behaviors will provide useful references and insights for future projects involving excavation in BTG residual soils under significant groundwater drawdowns.

Recent progress of SiC UV single photon counting avalanche photodiodes

4H-SiC single photon counting avalanche photodiodes(SPADs)are prior devices for weak ultraviolet(UV)signal detection with the advantages of small size,low leakage current,high avalanche multiplication gain,and high quantum efficiency,which benefit from the large bandgap energy,high carrier drift velocity and excellent physical stability of 4 H-SiC semiconductor material.UV detectors are widely used in many key applications,such as missile plume detection,corona discharge,UV astronomy,and biological and chemical agent detection.In this paper,we will describe basic concepts and review recent results on device design,process development,and basic characterizations of 4 H-SiC avalanche photodiodes.Several promising device structures and uniformity of avalanche multiplication are discussed,which are important for achieving high performance of 4 HSiC UV SPADs.

Overexpression of Csk-binding protein decreases growth,invasion,and migration of esophageal carcinoma cells by controlling Src activation

AIM:To investigate the mechanisms by which Cskbinding protein(CBP)inhibits tumor progression in esophageal carcinoma.METHODS:A CBP overexpressing esophageal carcinoma cell line(TE-1)was established.The growth,invasion,and migration of CBP-TE-1 cells,as well as the expression of Src were then determined and compared with those in normal TE-1 cells.RESULTS:The expression of Src was decreased by the overexpression of CBP in TE-1 cells.The growth,invasion,and migration of TE-1 cells were decreased by the overexpression of CBP.CONCLUSION:This study indicates that CBP may decrease the metastasis of esophageal carcinoma by inhibiting the activation of Src.CBP may be a potential tumor suppressor and targeting the CBP gene may be an alternative strategy for the development of therapies for esophageal carcinoma.

Papaya CpbHLH1/2 regulate carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes during papaya fruit ripening

The ripening of papaya is a physiological and metabolic process associated with accumulation of carotenoids,alternation of flesh color and flavor,which depending on genotype and external factors such as light and hormone.Transcription factors regulating carotenoid biosynthesis have not been analyzed during papaya fruit ripening.RNA-Seq experiments were implemented using different ripening stages of papaya fruit from two papaya varieties.Cis-elements in lycopeneβ-cyclase genes(CpCYC-B and CpLCY-B)were identified,and followed by genome-wide analysis to identify transcription factors binding to these cis-elements,resulting in the identification of CpbHLH1 and CpbHLH2,two bHLH genes.The expressions of CpbHLH1/2 were changed during fruit development,coupled with transcript increase of carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes including CpCYC-B,CpLCY-B,CpPDS2,CpZDS,CpLCY-E,and CpCHY-B.Yeast onehybrid(Y1H)and transient expression assay revealed that CpbHLH1/2 could bind to the promoters of CpCYC-B and CpLCY-B,and regulate their transcriptions.In response to strong light,the results of elevated expression of carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes and the changed expression of CpbHLH1/2 indicated that CpbHLH1/2 were involved in light-mediated mechanisms of regulating critical genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.Collectively,our findings demonstrated several TF family members participating in the regulation of carotenoid genes and proved that CpbHLH1 and CpbHLH2 individually regulated the transcription of lycopeneβ-cyclase genes(CpCYC-B and CpLCY-B).This study yielded novel findings on regulatory mechanism of carotenoid biosynthesis during papaya fruit ripening.