以学生综合素质为导向的《中药鉴定学》教学探索

《中药鉴定学》是中药学专业的核心课程,在人才培养中起到举足轻重的作用。针对课程特点及现有教学模式中存在的问题,结合人才培养目标,提出以学生综合素质为导向的《中药鉴定学》的教学改革的思路和方法。课程采用SPOC平台上线下混合式教学模式,重视实践教学环节,通过开设性状鉴别实训室、中药标本馆、饮片等级考试中心、班级“中药角”等实践环节,促进学生从感性认识到深入思考的递进式学习。整合教学资源,优化课堂教学结构,形成模块化教学内容体系,完善多元考核方式,挖掘思政元素,将学生培养成为具有高素质的中医药现代化人才,以承担保障中药质量安全、维护人民群众身体健康的重要社会责任。

Channel Correlation Based User Grouping Algorithm for Nonlinear Precoding Satellite Communication System

Low Earth Orbit(LEO)multibeam satellites will be widely used in the next generation of satellite communication systems,whose inter-beam interference will inevitably limit the performance of the whole system.Nonlinear precoding such as Tomlinson-Harashima precoding(THP)algorithm has been proved to be a promising technology to solve this problem,which has smaller noise amplification effect compared with linear precoding.However,the similarity of different user channels(defined as channel correlation)will degrade the performance of THP algorithm.In this paper,we qualitatively analyze the inter-beam interference in the whole process of LEO satellite over a specific coverage area,and the impact of channel correlation on Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)of receivers when THP is applied.One user grouping algorithm is proposed based on the analysis of channel correlation,which could decrease the number of users with high channel correlation in each precoding group,thus improve the performance of THP.Furthermore,our algorithm is designed under the premise of co-frequency deployment and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),which leads to more users under severe inter-beam interference compared to the existing research on geostationary orbit satellites broadcasting systems.Simulation results show that the proposed user grouping algorithm possesses higher channel capacity and better bit error rate(BER)performance in high SNR conditions relative to existing works.

液体束光电子能谱测量水溶液相胸苷光电子谱:综合实验误差分析

水溶液中的光电子发射过程易受到由弹性及非弹性电子散射、流动势和空间电荷效应引起的误差和影响,然而,直接评估这些误差中各自贡献的大小仍是一项艰巨的挑战。本文以综合实验误差的形式评估了这些误差如何影响真实的光电子动能谱,利用飞秒液体束光电子能谱技术研究不同水溶液流速和激光能量下水溶液相胸苷的紫外光电子动能(或电子结合能)谱.实验中,利用液态水的1b_(1)轨道的精确的竖直电子结合能值(11.33eV)实现对观测到的水溶液相胸苷的电子结合能谱的校准,并估算出液态水的1b_(1)轨道的精确的竖直电子结合能的综合实验误差约为200meV.在不同的流速和激光能量条件下,水溶液相胸苷阳离子基态D_(0)(π^(-1))和阳离子第一激发态D_(1)(n^(-1))的竖直电子结合能的平均综合实验误差被估计为小于3%,即误差范围在几十毫电子伏特至200meV之间.

Genetic relationship between formation,accumulation and migration and dispersion of peat materials in Paleogene——Take the Qiongdongnan Basin as an example

Coal-type source rocks include both coal and terrigenous marine source rocks.By studying the distribution of secondary depressions,uplifts,as well as the characteristics of peat formation and accumulation in the northern marginal sea basin of the South China Sea,and combining them with coal formation characteristics observed in other basins,five genetic theories on the relationship between peat accumulation and dispersed organic matter accumulation are proposed.The northern marginal sea basin of the South China Sea is characterized by“disadvantageous coals formation and favorable terrigenous marine source rocks formation.”This paper provides a distribution map of coal seams and terrigenous marine source rocks in the Qiongdongnan Basin and determines their distribution patterns.Research shows that the migration of sedimentary facies in the basins and inner depressions led to the formation and migration of the peat accumulation centers.In addition,the vertical migration of the peat accumulation centers led to planar migration,which is actually a type of coupling relationship.Previous research results have revealed that the formation of coal-type source rock is multi-phased.The marginal sea basin is composed of several fault-depression basins,with each basin developing a second order of depression and uplift.There is no unified basin center or depositional center to be found.As a result,the concentration centers of coal-forming materials also vary greatly.Based on the distribution characteristics of coal-type source rocks in different basins within the marginal sea basins of the South China Sea,the research results have practical significance and provide guidance for exploring coal-type oil and gas reservoirs in this area.

Formation environment and hydrocarbon potential of the Paleogene Enping Formation coal measures in the ZhuⅠDepression of northern South China Sea

The coal-measure source rock in the Chinese sea area plays a significant role as a hydrocarbon source rock,with its genetic environment,development and distribution,and hydrocarbon generation potential serving as essential factors for the exploration of coal-type oil and gas fields.This study focuses on the coal-measure source rock of the Paleogene Enping Formation in the ZhuⅠDepression,located in the northern South China Sea.The main geological insights obtained are as follows.The coal measures of the Enping Formation are developed in a warm and wet tropical-subtropical climate.The development environment of the coal-measure source rock in the Enping Formation includes the braided river delta upper plain peat swamp,characterized by dry forest swamp coal facies with relatively thick coal seams and a small number of layers.The braided river delta lower plain swamp-interdistributary bay of braided river delta front represents a forest edge-wetland herbaceous swamp coal facies with numerous layers of thin coal seams and poor stability.The shore swamp corresponds to an open water swamp coal facies with multiple layers of thin coal seams and poor stability.The organic matter abundance in the braided river delta upper plain is the highest,followed by the braided river delta lower plain-braided river delta front,and the shore-shallow lake.The organic matter type is predominantly typeⅡ1.Thermal evolution analysis suggests that the organic matter has progressed into a substantial oil generation stage.The hydrocarbon generation potential of the coal-measure source rock in the Enping Formation is the highest in the braided river delta upper plain,followed by the braided river delta lower plain-braided river delta front and the shore-shallow lake.Overall,this study proposes three organic facies in the coal-measure source rock of the Enping Formation:upper-plain swamp-dry forest swamp facies,lower plain-interdistributary bay-forest-herbaceous swamp facies,and lake swamp-herbaceous swamp facies.

Astronomical influence of the development of Paleogene thin coal seam groups in offshore Lacustrine basins:A case study of the ZhuⅠDepression's Enping Formation located in the northern South China Sea

The development of the Paleogene coal seams in China's offshore basin areas generally had the characteristics of coal measures with large thicknesses,large numbers of coal seams,thin single coal seams,poor stability,scattered vertical distribution,and a wide distribution range.This study selected the Enping Formation of the ZhuⅠDepression in the northern section of the South China Sea as an example to determine the macro-control factors of the development of the Paleogene coal seam groups.An analysis was carried out on the influencing effects and patterns of the astronomical cycles related to the development of the thin coal seam groups in the region.A floating astronomical time scale of the Enping Formation was established,and the sedimentary time limit of the Enping Formation was determined to be approximately 6.15 Ma±.In addition,the cyclostratigraphy analysis results of the natural gamma-ray data of Well XJ in the Enping Formation of the Xijiang Sag revealed that the development of the thin coal seams had probably been affected by short eccentricity and precession factors.The formation process of coal seams was determined to have been affected by high seasonal contrast,precipitation,and insolation.During the periods with high values of short eccentricity,the seasonal contrasts tended to be high.During those periods,fluctuations in the precession controls resulted in periodic volume changes in precipitation and insolation of the region,resulting in the development of thin coal seams.It was also found that the periods with low precession were the most conducive to coal seam development.On that basis,combined with such factors as sedimentary environmental conditions conducive to the development of thin coal seam groups,this study established a theoretical model of the comprehensive influences of short eccentricity and precession on the development and distribution of Paleogene thin coal seam groups in offshore lacustrine basins.The patterns of the Paleogene astronomical periods and paleoclimate evolution,along with the control factors which impacted the development of thin coal seam groups in offshore lacustrine basins,were revealed.

Plant resources and diversity analysis of Sejila Mountain in southeast Tibet

Sejila Mountain is located in Linzhi City,southeast Tibet.The terrain is high,and the climate is cold and dry.The special ecological environment determines the richness and diversity of plant resources.In this study,the plant resources and diversity of Sejila Mountain were studied through field investigation,literature review and specimen identification.282 plant species belonging to 199 genera and 81 families were collected from July to August in 2021.The dominant families are Asteraceae,Ranunculaceae and Rosaceae.In terms of life form,perennial herbs are the main form,accounting for 58.16%of the total.178 species of medicinal plants were collected,including 33 species of Tibetan medicine.In terms of medicinal parts,the whole grass is mainly used as medicine,followed by roots and rhizomes.In conclusion,our study has updated the plant resources and diversity of Sejila Mountain.Based on the investigation and research,some suggestions were put forward to strengthen the protection and utilization of the plant resources in Sejila Mountain.

Analysis of vascular plant resources and diversity in Liupan Mountains of Ningxia Province,China

Liupan Mountains are situated in the south of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and east of Gansu Province.This area is rich in forests and vegetation.After field investigation,literature review and specimen identification,the plant resources and diversity of Liupan Mountains were studied by the 4th Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team.There were 161 species of vascular plants belonging to 60 families and 119 genera collected from July to August 2010 in this area.Among them,the dominant families are Campanulaceae,Ranunculaceae,Orobanchaceae,Asparagaceae,Fabaceae,Rosaceae and Asteraceae,with 6,7,8,8,10,10,and 22 species,respectively.Although representing only 11.7%of the total number of families,these families had a species occupancy rate of over 44.1%.At the genus level,Pedicularis is the most dominant genus with 6 species,while 92 genera contain only 1 species,accounting for 77.3%of the total number of genera.In a word,our research has updated the plant resources and diversity in Liupan Mountains.Furthermore,by providing practical and meaningful suggestions for strengthening the protection and utilization of plant resources in Liupan Mountains,our research is of great significance for maintaining the diverse ecosystem in this area.

葡萄籽发酵液抗衰老及美白功效研究

利用微生物发酵技术,将葡萄籽以红酒酵母发酵得到葡萄籽发酵液,选用抗衰模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫,建立小鼠黑素瘤细胞美白模型,从细胞水平与分子水平层面探究葡萄籽发酵液在抗衰老和美白方面的功效作用,并对葡萄籽发酵液进行安全性评定。研究结果显示葡萄籽发酵液能够有效抵御衰老并抑制黑色素生成,具有抗衰、美白效果以及良好的安全性,具备成为化妆品功效原料的应用潜力。

丹参发酵液的体外抗氧化和美白功效评价

利用水提法和微生物发酵法制备丹参水提液和丹参发酵液,在生化水平、细胞水平、转录水平上探究二者抗氧化和美白能力。实验结果表明二者对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基均有良好的清除能力,丹参水提液清除率达到50%时的体积分数(IC_(50))为10.3%,丹参发酵液IC50值为2.9%,在相同体积分数下,丹参发酵液清除能力更佳。在细胞水平上,二者均表现出对过氧化氢诱导损伤细胞的保护作用,相对于损伤模型,细胞总抗氧化能力提高、丙二醛(MDA)含量和活性氧(ROS)含量降低、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力提高。在转录水平上,相对于损伤模型,二者作用于细胞后CAT表达量均提高。在黑色素合成和酪氨酸酶活力抑制作用实验中,丹参水提液和丹参发酵液相对于空白对照均表现出良好的美白作用。总体而言,相对于丹参水提液,丹参发酵液在抗氧化功效和美白功效方面均表现更佳。

枸杞枝发酵液中黄酮类成分的活性研究

以枸杞枝为原料,分别用发酵法和醇提法提取黄酮,以水提液作为空白对照,研究结果表明发酵液中的黄酮含量高于醇提液和水提液,说明发酵可以提高黄酮的含量;通过检测枸杞枝发酵液与醇提液对DPPH自由基的清除能力,结果显示枸杞枝发酵液和醇提液对DPPH自由基清除率的IC_(50)分别为20.61和25μg/mL,说明发酵液对DPPH自由基的清除能力更强。采用大孔吸附树脂对枸杞枝发酵液黄酮进行分离纯化,检测成纤维细胞(HDF)中活性氧的含量,结果表示枸杞枝黄酮对活性氧具有较好的清除作用。通过MTT法检测纯化后的枸杞枝黄酮对HDF和人永生化角质形成细胞(HaCaT)的毒性作用,结果表明,当添加1μg/mL黄酮类化合物时,细胞存活率最高。因此选用1μg/mL黄酮类化合物观察2 h时对炎症细胞因子含量的影响,结果显示,蛋白抗体TNF-AIP3表达下调;IL6表达上调,对IL8(CXCL8)表达抑制。

Sequence stratigraphy, paleogeography, and coal accumulation regularity of major coal-accumulating periods in China

There are 9 major coal-accumulating periods during geological history in China,including the Early Carboniferous,Late Carboniferous-Early Permian,Middle Permian,Late Permian,Late Triassic,Early-Middle Jurassic,Early Cretaceous,Paleogene and Neogene.The coal formed in these periods were developed in different coal-accumulating areas(CAA)including the North China,South China,Northwest China,Northeast China,the Qinghai–Tibet area,and China offshore area.In this paper,we investigated depositional environments,sequence stratigraphy,lithofacies paleogeography and coal accumulation pattern of five major coal-accumulating periods including the Late Carboniferous to Middle Permian of the North China CAA,the Late Permian of the South China CAA,the Late Triassic of the South China CAA,the Early-Middle Jurassic of the North and Northwest China CAA,and the Early Cretaceous in the Northeast China CAA.According to distribution of the coal-bearing strata and the regional tectonic outlines,we have identified distribution range of the coal-forming basins,sedimentary facies types and coal-accumulating models.The sequence stratigraphic frameworks of the major coal-accumulating periods were established based on recognition of a variety of sequence boundaries.The distribution of thick coals and migration patterns of the coal-accumulating centers in the sequence stratigraphic framework were analyzed.The lithofacies paleogeography maps based on third-order sequences were reconstructed and the distribution of coal accumulation centers and coal-rich belts were predicted.

Design of Irregular QC-LDPC Code Based Multi-Level Coded Modulation Scheme for High Speed Optical Communication Systems

In this paper, we focus on the design of irregular QC-LDPC code based multi-level coded modulation(MLCM) scheme by jointly optimizing the component code rate and the degree distribution of the irregular QC-LDPC component code. Firstly, the sub-channel capacities of MLCM systems is analyzed and discussed, based on which the optimal component code rate can be obtained. Secondly, an extrinsic information transfer chart based two-stage searching algorithm is proposed to find the good irregular QC-LDPC code ensembles with optimal component code rates for their corresponding sub-channels. Finally, by constructing the irregular QC-LDPC component codes from the designed ensembles with the aim of possibly enlarging the girth and reducing the number of the shortest cycles, the designed irregular QC-LDPC code based 16QAM and 64QAM MLCM systems can achieve 0.4 dB and 1.2 dB net coding gain, respectively, compared with the recently proposed regular QC-LDPC code based 16QAM and 64QAM MLCM systems.

Recent advance on VOCs oxidation over layered double hydroxides derived mixed metal oxides

Catalytic oxidation is regarded as one of the most promising strategies for volatile organic compounds(VOCs)purification.Mixed metal oxides(MMOs),after topological transformation using layered double hydroxides(LDHs)as precursors,are extensively used as catalysts for VOCs oxidation due to their uniformity advantage.This review summarizes the developments in the LDH-derived VOCs heterogeneous catalytic oxidation over the last 10 years.Particularly,it addresses the VOCs abatement performance over MMO,noble metal/MMO,core-shell structured MMO,and integral MMO film catalysts originating from LDHs.Moreover,it highlights the water vapor effect and oxidation mechanism.This review indicates that LDH-based catalysts are a category of important VOCs oxidation materials.

ChatGPT for shaping the future of dentistry: the potential of multi-modal large language model

The ChatGPT,a lite and conversational variant of Generative Pretrained Transformer 4(GPT-4)developed by OpenAI,is one of the milestone Large Language Models(LLMs)with billions of parameters.LLMs have stirred up much interest among researchers and practitioners in their impressive skills in natural language processing tasks,which profoundly impact various fields.This paper mainly discusses the future applications of LLMs in dentistry.We introduce two primary LLM deployment methods in dentistry,including automated dental diagnosis and cross-modal dental diagnosis,and examine their potential applications.Especially,equipped with a cross-modal encoder,a single LLM can manage multi-source data and conduct advanced natural language reasoning to perform complex clinical operations.We also present cases to demonstrate the potential of a fully automatic Multi-Modal LLM AI system for dentistry clinical application.While LLMs offer significant potential benefits,the challenges,such as data privacy,data quality,and model bias,need further study.Overall,LLMs have the potential to revolutionize dental diagnosis and treatment,which indicates a promising avenue for clinical application and research in dentistry.

The geological characteristics of the large-and medium-sized gas fields in the South China Sea

By the end of 2019,more than 220 gas fields had been discovered in the South China Sea.In order to accurately determine the geological characteristics of the large-and medium-sized gas fields in the South China Sea,this study conducted a comprehensive examination of the gas fields.Based on the abundant available geologic and geochemical data,the distribution and key controlling factors of the hydrocarbon accumulation in the South China Sea were analyzed.The geological and geochemical features of the gas fields were as follows:(1)the gas fields were distributed similar to beads in the shape of a"C"along the northern,western,and southern continental margins;(2)the natural gas in the region was determined to be composed of higher amounts of alkane gas and less CO2;(3)the majority of the alkane gas was observed to be coal-type gas;(4)the gas reservoir types included structural reservoirs,lithologic reservoirs,and stratigraphic reservoirs,respectively;(5)the reservoir ages were mainly Oligocene,Miocene,and Pliocene,while the lithology was mainly organic reef,with some sandstone deposits;and(6)the main hydrocarbon accumulation period for the region was determined to be the late Pliocene-Quaternary Period.In addition,the main controlling factors of the gas reservoirs were confirmed to have been the development of coal measures,sufficient thermal evolution,and favorable migration and accumulation conditions.

Reliability indexes for multi-AUV cooperative systems

With the development of multi-autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) cooperative systems, the evaluation of their reliability is becoming more and more important. Aimed at the characteristics of the system, three reliability indexes-standard entropy of rank distribution, all-terminal reliability and standard natural connectivity are determined in this paper. Topology structure and underwater acoustic communication are considered. The calculation methods of the three reliability indexes are proposed, and the characteristics of these indexes are analyzed. The reliability indexes of two multi-AUV cooperative systems are obtained as examples. Results show that these three indexes reflect different aspects of reliability for multi-AUV cooperative systems. This paper provides some methods to evaluate the reliability of multi-AUV cooperative systems, which is of practical value. © 1990-2011 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information.

Time-varying reliability indexes for multi-AUV cooperative system

With the development of multi-autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) cooperative systems, the evaluation of their reliability is becoming more and more important. Since AUVs are always in motion, the reliability of the system is not stationary, but it varies with time. This paper studies the time-varying reliability evaluation indexes for multi-AUV cooperative systems. Aimed at elucidating the characteristics of the system, by considering the motion of the AUVs, two time dependent reliability evaluation indexes, natural connectivity and all-terminal reliability of the basic reliability indexes, are determined with the graph theory. Then the time-varying reliability of multi-AUV cooperative systems is evaluated combining with an actual example. This paper provides a method to evaluate the time-varying reliability of multi-AUV cooperative systems. © 2017 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information.

Ultrathin defective high-entropy layered double hydroxides for electrochemical water oxidation

One of the fundamental driving forces in the materials science community is the hunt for new materials with specific properties that meet the requirements of rapidly evolving technology.

Encapsulated Ni-Co alloy nanoparticles as efficient catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of biomass derivatives in water

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)is one of the most promising strategies to transform oxygen-rich biomass derivatives into high value-added chemicals and fuels,but highly challenging due to the lack of highly efficient nonprecious metal catalysts.Herein,we report for the first time of a facile synthetic approach to controllably fabricate well-defined Ni-Co alloy NPs confined on the tip of N-CNTs as HDO catalyst.The resultant Ni-Co alloy catalyst possesses outstanding HDO performance towards biomass-derived vanillin into 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol in water with 100%conversion efficiency and selectivity under mild reaction conditions,surpassing the reported high performance nonprecious HDO catalysts.Impressively,our experimental results also unveil that the Ni-Co alloy catalyst can be generically applied to catalyze HDO of vanillin derivatives and other aromatic aldehydes in water with 100%conversion efficiency and over 90%selectivity.Importantly,our DFT calculations and experimental results confirm that the achieved outstanding HDO catalytic performance is due to the greatly promoted selective adsorption and activation of C=O,and desorption of the activated hydrogen species by the synergism of the alloyed Ni-Co NPs.The findings of this work affords a new strategy to design and develop efficient transition metal-based catalysts for HDO reactions in water.