Genetic and pathogenic characterization of new infectious bronchitis virus strains in the GVI-1 and GI-19 lineages isolated in central China

Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),which is prevalent in many countries worldwide and causes serious harm to the poultry industry.At present,many commercial IBV vaccines have been used for the prevention and control of IB;however,IB outbreaks occur frequently.In this study,two new strains of IBV,SX/2106 and SX/2204,were isolated from two flocks which were immunized with IBV H120 vaccine in central China.Phylogenetic and recombination analysis indicated that SX/2106,which was clustered into the GI-19 lineage,may be derived from recombination events of the GI-19 and GI-7 strains and the LDT3-A vaccine.Genetic analysis showed that SX/2204 belongs to the GVI-1 lineage,which may have originated from the recombination of the GI-13 and GVI-1 strains and the H120 vaccine.The virus cross-neutralization test showed that the antigenicity of SX/2106 and SX/2204 was different from H120.Animal experiments found that both SX/2106 and SX/2204 could replicate effectively in the lungs and kidneys of chickens and cause disease and death,and H120 immunization could not provide effective protection against the two IBV isolates.It is noteworthy that the pathogenicity of SX/2204 has significantly increased compared to the GVI-1 strains isolated previously,with a mortality rate up to 60%.Considering the continuous mutation and recombination of the IBV genome to produce new variant strains,it is important to continuously monitor epidemic strains and develop new vaccines for the prevention and control of IBV epidemics.

Genetic and biological properties of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated in central China from2020 to 2022

The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus(AIV)is widely prevalent in poultry and wild birds globally,and has become the predominant subtype circulating in poultry in China.The H9N2 AIV can directly or indirectly(by serving as a"donor virus")infect humans,posing a significant threat to public health.Currently,there is a lack of in-depth research on the prevalence of H9N2 viruses in Shanxi Province,central China.In this study,we isolated 14 H9N2 AIVs from October 2020 to April 2022 in Shanxi Province,and genetic analysis revealed that these viruses belonged to 7 different genotypes.Our study on animals revealed that the H9N2 strains we identified displayed high transmission efficiency among chicken populations,and exhibited diverse replication abilities within these birds.These viruses could replicate efficiently in the lungs of mice,with one strain also demonstrating the capacity to reproduce in organs like the brain and kidneys.At the cellular level,the replication ability of different H9N2 strains was evaluated using plaque formation assays and multi-step growth curve assays,revealing significant differences in the replication and proliferation efficiency of the various H9N2 viruses at the cellular level.The antigenicity analysis suggested that these isolates could be classified into 2 separate antigenic clusters.Our research provides crucial data to help understand the prevalence and biological characteristics of H9N2 AIVs in central China.It also highlights the necessity of enhancing the surveillance of H9N2 AIVs.

导热胶对小型无刷轴流风机驱动器散热影响研究

以小型无刷轴流风机驱动器作为研究对象,建立驱动器散热求解域模型,在数值模拟的基础上对试验温度、导热胶牌号、导热胶灌封区域进行了正交试验。通过极差与方差分析法得到这些参数对驱动器最高温度影响,确定了驱动器散热系统最优性能参数,数值模拟结果表明优化后的驱动器散热系统在极限高温100℃下可有效控制驱动器最高温度在125℃工作范围内。

改进型并联流道液冷开关磁阻电机散热研究

以开关磁阻电机冷却流道为研究对象,在传统并联流道基础上提出一种改进型并联流道,该流道具有对冷却系统要求低、冷却效果好、制造工艺简单的特点。通过建立电机三维数值仿真模型,以流体流量、外界环境温度、流体初始温度作为影响因素对比研究了传统并联流道与改进型并联流道在变压器油作为流体介质下的冷却性能,并进一步分析了流体介质对改进型并联流道电机温升的影响。研究表明:在不同流体流量下改进型并联流道散热性能均优于传统并联流道,且不易受环境的影响,具有更好的热稳定性;在流量为2 L/min时的2种流道下电机最高温度相差5.9℃。通过比较不同冷却介质对改进型并联流道开关磁阻电机散热性能的影响,得出如下结论:与变压器油、乙二醇混合液相比,液体水冷却效果最好,而这3者之中,变压器油流道压差最小;流体流量对变压器油冷却效果影响最大而对其流道压差影响最小;随着乙二醇体积浓度的升高乙二醇混合液冷却效果变差,流道压差升高。

金属材料在复杂应力状态下的塑性流动特性及本构模型

工程应用中,金属材料和结构往往处于复杂应力状态。材料的塑性行为会受到应力状态的影响,要精确描述材料在复杂应力状态下的塑性流动行为,必须在本构模型中考虑应力状态效应的影响。然而,由于在动态加载下材料的应变率效应和应力状态效应相互耦合、难以分离,给应力状态效应的研究和模型的建立造成很大困难。通过对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金材料开展不同加载条件下的力学性能测试,提出了一个包含应力三轴度和罗德角参数影响的新型本构模型,并通过VUMAT用户子程序嵌入ABAQUS/Explicit软件。分别采用新提出的塑性模型和Johnson-Cook模型对压剪复合试样的动态实验进行了数值模拟。结果表明,新模型不仅在对材料本构曲线的拟合方面具有较强的优势,而且由该模型所得到的透射脉冲和载荷-位移曲线均更加准确。因此,该模型能够更精确地描述和预测金属材料在复杂应力状态下的塑性流变行为。

A bibliometric analysis of nursing research in COVID‑19 in China

Objective:The objective of this study is to analyze the current status of nursing research in COVID‑19 through literature metrology and provide ideas and references for further research.Methods:The search terms such as“novel coronavirus/COVID‑19”and“nursing”were used to search the nursing‑related papers published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,VIP Data,SinoMed,Web of Science,and PubMed from October 1,2019,to March 30,2020.The bibliometric methods and related software were used for analysis.Results:A total of 234 articles were included from 48 journals,and core journals accounted for 61.1%.There were five nursing literature topics and 14 document types.There is a cooperative relationship between six institutions.Keywords include nursing staff,nursing management,and protection.Conclusions:The opening of journal green channels and the establishment of database columns will help the spread of anti‑epidemic academic results.The topics of nursing literature include clinical nursing,nursing management,prevention and control,nursing education,and social surveys.Nursing literature types focus on cross‑sectional research and experience summary;the cooperation between researchers and research institutions has begun to take shape,and it is recommended to strengthen the research on iatrogenic injuries and nurse training in future nursing research.

External application of Chinese medicine formula combined with analgesic drugs to treat lung squamous cell carcinoma pain： A case study with mixed methods

Objective： To investigate the effectiveness of the external application of Chinese medicine combined with analgesicdrugs to treat lung squamous cell carcinoma pain. Methods： A 54-year-old patient with upper lobe of the left lungsquamous cell carcinoma was studied, who suffered from severe cancer pain with the initial numeric rating scale （NRS）7 point when admitted. Exterior-use formula was applied to pain spot to relieve the pain. Mixed methods approachcomprising NRS, Short-form of McGill Pain Questionnaire, quality of life scale, times of breakout pain, records ofadverse reactions and semi-structured interviews were utilized to evaluate the effect. Results： With the combination useof the formula and analgesic drugs, the patient’s NRS score dropped from 7 to 3 point. Quality of life scale scoreimproved from 33 to 42 point. Times of breakout pain reduced from twice to none. The amount of oxycodone decreasedfrom 30 mg Bid to 10 mg Bid. No adverse effect appeared. The patient’s felt more energetic with good sleep and appetite.Conclusion： This formula is effective and safe for pain relief when combined with analgesic drugs, and may be a goodoption in dealing with local cancer pain. Future randomized, controlled studies are needed to better evaluate the efficacy.

CEPC Technical Design Report

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

Carbendazim residue in plant-based foods in China:Consecutive surveys from 2011 to 2020

Carbendazim,a widely used fungicide in China,has been found to have reproductive toxicity and mutagenic effects.However,information on the spatial-temporal variations of carbendazim residues in food in China is limited.Here,we investigated the presence of carbendazim in China's plant-based foods from 2011 to 2020,evaluated the spatial-temporal characteristics,and assessed the associated exposure risks in the Chinese diet.The results revealed a high detection frequency of carbendazim in fruits(26.4%)and high concentrations in vegetables(~110 mg kg^(-1)),indicating widespread misuse of the fungicide.The acute risks of consuming certain vegetables and cereals exceeded the recommended limits by up to 12 and 5 times,respectively.Although there has been a decline in carbendazim residue levels in food since the implementation of the Chinese government's action plan for zero growth of pesticide use in 2015,some provinces still exhibited high levels of carbendazim in multiple food categories,which were positively correlated with annual pesticide application.We highlight that carbendazim contamination reflects the broader issue of pesticide use in China.It emphasizes the need for committed and targeted national policies to reduce carbendazim residues in food and suggests that such measures could also regulate the use of other pesticides,given that pesticide abuse in China is not limited to specific types.We call for the re-evaluation of maximum residue limits of carbendazim,particularly in highly consumed foods such as cereals.

Actin polymerization induces mitochondrial distribution during collective cell migration

Collective cell migration plays critical roles in various developmental,physiological,and pathological processes such as morphogenesis,wound healing,and tumor metastasis(Friedl and Gilmour,2009).During collective migration,each coherent group of associated cells needs to interpret external directional signal and convert it into a front-back asymmetry across a collective group(Rorth,2011).But the underlying mechanism for the establishment and maintenance of front-back asymmetry during collective migration is still not well understood.

Corrigendum to“Actin polymerization induces mitochondrial distribution during collective cell migration”[Journal of Genetics and Genomics(2023)50 46-49]

This erratum clarifies information in the Letter to the Editor“Actin polymerization induces mitochondrial distribution during collective cell migration”by Qu et al.(2023).In the section for the list of author names,“Chen Qu,Yating Kan,Hui Zuo,Mengqi Wu,Zhixiang Dong,Xinyi Wang,Qing Zhang,Heng Wang,Dou Wang,Jiong Chen”should be“Chen Qu,Yating Kan,Xinyi Wang,Hui Zuo,Mengqi Wu,Zhixiang Dong,Qing Zhang,Heng Wang,Dou Wang,Jiong Chen”.

Determination of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in food and feed using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

A method was developed on a gas chromatograph coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer(GC-MS/MS) for trace level determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls(DL-PCBs) in food and feed. The results demonstrated good sensitivity and repeatability for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs at an extremely low level(10 pg mL^(-1) for 2,3,7,8-TCDD/F), as well as wide linear response of over 3 or 4 orders of magnitude in concentration ranges; 0.5–200 ng mL^(-1) for PeCDD/F and 0.2–2000 ng mL^(-1) for DL-PCBs. The method detection limits for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs were in the range from 0.018–0.17 pg g^(-1) to 0.13–0.36 pg g^(-1), respectively. The performance of the GC-MS/MS for food and feed sample analysis showed high precision and accuracy compared to the high resolution gas chromatograph/high resolution mass spectrometer. The results indicated the feasibility of GC-MS/MS as a confirmatory method for the measurement of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in food and feed as required by European Union legislation.

Cavity fundamental mode and beam interaction in CEPC main ring

Background CEPC is a 100-kilometer-long electron-position collider,aiming to produce Higgs,W and Z-pole.Double ring(DR)is the baseline design of its main ring,and advanced partial double ring(APDR)is the alternative one.Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the beam loading effects and the corresponding longitudinal beam dynamics of CEPC DR and APDR.Methods The phase shift of the bunches modulated by the bunch gap is calculated with the approximation formulas and simulated with the program.All these methods are compared,and the application conditions of them are also elaborated.In addition,the longitudinal coupled-bunch instability in CEPC main ring is calculated by analytical formulas.Results In CEPC DR high-lumi Z,the phase shift can be reduced to 0.51 deg(°).Besides,the total number of unstable longitudinal modes is 15 in CEPC DR high-lumi Z when no feedback system is added.Conclusion The phase shift of the bunches in CEPC can be reduced to an acceptable value if the optimal filling pattern is chosen.For CEPC APDR,the RF parameters are calculated and the beam loading effects are tolerable.

Atmospheric levels and distribution of Dechlorane Plus in an E-waste dismantling region of East China

Atmospheric concentrations of Dechlorane Plus(DP)were investigated in Taizhou,an electronic-waste(E-waste)dismantling region in East China.Passive air samplers with polyurethane foam(PUF)disks were deployed every three months during the sampling period of September 2009-August 2010.The total DP(syn-and anti-DP)concentrations in air ranged from not detected to 277 pg/m^3,with a mean concentration of 53.9 pg/m^3.A generally declining trend of DP levels was found from the E-waste dismantling region to the peripheral areas.The median values of total DP concentrations in autumn,winter,spring and summer were 52.2,28.8,39.7 and 30.1 pg/m^3,respectively.The seasonal variations of DP concentrations were mainly associated with the intensity of E-waste dismantling activities and meteorological conditions.The mean value of anti-DP fractional abundance(f_(anti))was 0.74±0.08,which was consistent with those in the commercial DP products.This study confirmed a significant emission source related to the distribution of atmospheric DP in the E-waste dismantling area and supplied information for the seasonal variation of DP in the atmosphere.