Coordinated transcriptional and post-transcriptional epigenetic regulation during skeletal muscle development and growth in pigs

Background:N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)and DNA 5-methylcytosine(5mC)methylation plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes,including skeletal muscle development and growth.Recent studies unveiled a potential link between these two systems,implicating the potential mechanism of coordinated transcriptional and post-transcrip-tional regulation in porcine prenatal myogenesis and postnatal skeletal muscle growth.Methods:Immunofluorescence and co-IP assays were carried out between the 5mC writers and m^(6)A writers to investigate the molecular basis underneath.Large-scale in-house transcriptomic data were compiled for applying weighted correlation network analysis(WGCNA)to identify the co-expression patterns of m^(6)A and 5mC regulators and their potential role in pig myogenesis.Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing(WGBS)and methylated RNA immu-noprecipitation sequencing(MeRIP-seq)were performed on the skeletal muscle samples from Landrace pigs at four postnatal growth stages(days 30,60,120 and 180).Results:Significantly correlated expression between 5mC writers and m^(6)A writers and co-occurrence of 5mC and m^(6)A modification were revealed from public datasets of C2C12 myoblasts.The protein-protein interactions between the DNA methylase and the m^(6)A methylase were observed in mouse myoblast cells.Further,by analyzing tran-scriptome data comprising 81 pig skeletal muscle samples across 27 developmental stages,we identified a 5mC/m^(6)A epigenetic module eigengene and decoded its potential functions in pre-or post-transcriptional regulation in postnatal skeletal muscle development and growth of pigs.Following integrative multi-omics analyses on the WGBS methylome data and MeRIP-seq data for both m^(6)A and gene expression profiles revealed a genome/transcriptome-wide correlated dynamics and co-occurrence of 5mC and m^(6)A modifications as a consequence of 5mC/m^(6)A crosstalk in the postnatal myogenesis progress of pigs.Last,we identified a group of myogenesis-related genes collaboratively regulated by both 5mC and m^(6)A modifications in postnatal skeletal muscle growth in pigs.Conclusions:Our study discloses a potential epigenetic mechanism in skeletal muscle development and provides a novel direction for animal breeding and drug development of related human muscle-related diseases.

Cross-Modal Hashing Retrieval Based on Deep Residual Network

In the era of big data rich inWe Media,the single mode retrieval system has been unable to meet people’s demand for information retrieval.This paper proposes a new solution to the problem of feature extraction and unified mapping of different modes:A Cross-Modal Hashing retrieval algorithm based on Deep Residual Network(CMHR-DRN).The model construction is divided into two stages:The first stage is the feature extraction of different modal data,including the use of Deep Residual Network(DRN)to extract the image features,using the method of combining TF-IDF with the full connection network to extract the text features,and the obtained image and text features used as the input of the second stage.In the second stage,the image and text features are mapped into Hash functions by supervised learning,and the image and text features are mapped to the common binary Hamming space.In the process of mapping,the distance measurement of the original distance measurement and the common feature space are kept unchanged as far as possible to improve the accuracy of Cross-Modal Retrieval.In training the model,adaptive moment estimation(Adam)is used to calculate the adaptive learning rate of each parameter,and the stochastic gradient descent(SGD)is calculated to obtain the minimum loss function.The whole training process is completed on Caffe deep learning framework.Experiments show that the proposed algorithm CMHR-DRN based on Deep Residual Network has better retrieval performance and stronger advantages than other Cross-Modal algorithms CMFH,CMDN and CMSSH.

Whole‑genome transcriptome and DNA methylation dynamics of pre‑implantation embryos reveal progression of embryonic genome activation in buffaloes

Background During mammalian pre-implantation embryonic development(PED),the process of maternal-to-zygote transition(MZT)is well orchestrated by epigenetic modification and gene sequential expression,and it is related to the embryonic genome activation(EGA).During MZT,the embryos are sensitive to the environment and easy to arrest at this stage in vitro.However,the timing and regulation mechanism of EGA in buffaloes remain obscure.Results Buffalo pre-implantation embryos were subjected to trace cell based RNA-seq and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing(WGBS)to draw landscapes of transcription and DNA-methylation.Four typical developmental steps were classified during buffalo PED.Buffalo major EGA was identified at the 16-cell stage by the comprehensive analy-sis of gene expression and DNA methylation dynamics.By weighted gene co-expression network analysis,stage-spe-cific modules were identified during buffalo maternal-to-zygotic transition,and key signaling pathways and biological process events were further revealed.Programmed and continuous activation of these pathways was necessary for success of buffalo EGA.In addition,the hub gene,CDK1,was identified to play a critical role in buffalo EGA.Conclusions Our study provides a landscape of transcription and DNA methylation in buffalo PED and reveals deeply the molecular mechanism of the buffalo EGA and genetic programming during buffalo MZT.It will lay a foundation for improving the in vitro development of buffalo embryos.

乒乓球运动干预甲基苯丙胺成瘾者脑激活及认知功能研究

目的:探究乒乓球运动干预甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine,METH)成瘾者脑激活水平及认知功能的效益,探索METH成瘾者脑区激活水平与认知功能相关关系。方法:14名METH成瘾者进行定点击球和随机击球两种形式乒乓球运动干预,期间间隔超过1周;干预前后受试者分别进行Stroop测试,同时利用近红外光谱技术分别进行受试者的前额叶和顶叶脑血氧检测,分析Stroop任务中的行为表现和大脑皮层激活水平变化。结果:随机击球干预可显著提高受试者Stroop任务测试正确率,并显著缩短反应时,定点击球干预后未表现出有统计学显著意义;rFEF与lPC在随机击球干预前后激活水平表现出显著统计学意义,定点击球干预训练可以显著激活受试者rDLPFC和rPMC两个脑区,不同运动干预形式对大脑rDLPFC及BA表现出不同的激活效果;随机击球干预后lDLPFC和lPMC与Sroop任务正确率相关性具有显著统计学意义,lDLPFC、lOFC、rOFC、BA以及rPC脑氧水平与受试者反应时之间具有显著统计学意义的负相关,定点击球干预后rPC及FEF与反应时存在显著统计学意义的负相关。结论:1)乒乓球运动改善METH成瘾者认知功能;2)乒乓球运动干预显著激活METH成瘾者前额叶和运动皮层等脑区,但不同的击球方式激活效果具有差异性;3)乒乓球运动干预激活运动皮层与前额叶,提升METH成瘾者认知功能。

我国网络安全服务发展的思考

在网络安全技术高速发展的时代背景下,网络安全服务化逐渐成为行业的发展方向。但是,如何推进网络安全产业转型升级,促进以软硬件产品销售为主向提供安全服务为主的模式转变,已成为业界共同思考的问题。通过分析网络安全政策、网络安全服务产业和技术,提出了我国网络安全服务发展的思路,全面、详细介绍了安全运营体系、服务平台、服务团队、商业模式、产业生态等各方面内容,为网络安全服务在新时期的发展提供参考。

Recent progress in porous organic polymers and their application for CO_(2) capture

Carbon capture,storage,and utilization(CCSU)is recognized as an effective method to reduce the excessive emission of CO_(2).Absorption by amine aqueous solutions is considered highly efficient for CO_(2) capture from the flue gas because of the large CO_(2) capture capacity and high selectivity.However,it is often limited by the equipment corrosion and the high desorption energy consumption,and adsorption of CO_(2) using solid adsorbents has been receiving more attention in recent years due to its simplicity and high efficiency.More recently,a great number of porous organic polymers(POPs)have been designed and constructed for CO_(2) capture,and they are proven promising solid adsorbents for CO_(2) capture due to their high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area(SBET),adjustable pore size and easy functionalization.In particular,they usually have rigid skeleton,permanent porosity,and good physiochemical stability.In this review,we have a detailed review for the different POPs developed in recent years,not only the design strategy,but also the special structure for CO_(2) capture.The outlook of the opportunities and challenges of the POPs is also proposed.

Silicon Nitride Etch via Oxidation Reaction in Fluorocarbon/Oxygen Plasma:A First-Principle Study

Conducting all-in-one etch process for 3D-NAND fabrication requires close etch rate(E/R)for SiO2 and Si3N4;however,to attain comparable and high etch rate for both materials is challenging.In this work,we performed first-principle studies on the etching mechanism of Si3N4 in fluorocarbon/oxygen plasma.The feasibility of using fluorocarbon/oxygen plasma to etch Si3N4 while attaining close E/R to SiO2 through the complementary nitride to oxynitiride(SiOxNy)transformation has been identified.Such transformation involves two stages:N atom elimination and Si-O bond formation.By modeling the essential chemical reactions on the Si3N4 surface,we shed light upon the underlying mechanisms behind both stages.We simulated the N-elimination reactions involving the formation and desorption of NO and FNO molecules as well as the substitution with F atoms.We found that N atoms can be eliminated by forming NO molecules,especially with the assistance of F-substitution in Si-N bond breaking.The predicted O-additive energies indicates that forming SiOxNy structure after N-elimination is possible.Following that,the dependency of chemistries favoring either high E/R or active SiOxNy formation on the fluorocarbon/oxygen ratio was discussed.We hope that the work will build a foundation for future studies on pursuing all-in-one ON etch process via the surface modifications.

Nitridation-Etch of Silicon Oxide in Fluorocarbon/Nitrogen Plasma:A Computational Study

The continually increasing number of silicon oxide(SiO2)and nitride(Si3N4)layers in 3D-NAND offers both motivations and challenges for developing all-in-one plasma etch solutions for etching SiO2 and Si3N4 at a selectivity near unity while maintaining a high etch rate.This is essential for a simultaneous etch landing of all holes that differ in their respective SiO2 and Si3N4 layer numbers and dummy SiO2 thickness,and for a quick wafer turnover.Surface modification may be employed to make the SiO2 and Si3N4 layers closer in composition,either by converting Si3N4 to oxynitride(SiOxNy)[J.Micro.Manuf.1,20180102(2018)],or by converting SiO2 to SiOxNy,presented in this paper.We computationally demonstrate the feasibility of a nitridation-etch process for SiO2 in fluorocarbon/nitrogen-based plasma with molecular dynamics(MD)and quantum chemistry(QC)simulations.First,the nitridation via ion implantation is observed with MD,which replaces surface oxygen by nitrogen.Second,the reactions involving oxygen and silicon volatilization are energetically favorable per QC calculations.Finally,both MD and QC simulations indicate a synergy between fluorine and nitrogen etchants by enhancing each other’s reactivity with the SiO2 surface.These atomistic surface reaction mechanisms will offer insight for the development of robust engineering solutions for 3D-NAND fabrication.

咀嚼口香糖对结直肠手术后胃肠道功能恢复的影响

目的探讨结直肠手术后咀嚼口香糖对患者胃肠道功能恢复的影响。方法将120例结直肠肿瘤患者按随机数字表法分为实验组（咀嚼口香糖组，63例）和对照组（常规治疗组，57例），两组患者均行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术，拔除胃管后开始观察记录恶心、呕吐、腹胀、肛门首次排气或排便时间、术后肠梗阻等指标。结果实验组术后肛门排气、排便时间明显短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；两组术后腹部症状及术后并发症比较差异未见统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论结直肠术后咀嚼口香糖能促进胃肠道功能的恢复，而且实施过程简单、方便，在一定程度上能减少患者的住院时间及住院费用，值得临床推广。

人结直肠癌组织中表皮生长因子受体1与Fascin-1蛋白表达的相关性及其临床意义

目的探讨人结直肠癌组织中表皮生长因子受体1(EGFR)与Fascin-1蛋白表达的关系及其临床意义。方法回顾性收集2008年1月—2010年12月东阳市人民医院病理科结直肠癌石蜡标本258例和同时切除的正常结直肠组织石蜡标本72例。采用免疫组织化学EnVision法检测并比较直肠癌组织和正常结直肠组织中EGFR和Fascin-1蛋白的表达;分析结直肠癌中Fascin-1蛋白表达与结直肠癌患者临床病理特征、EGFR的关系,以及EGFR和Fascin-1蛋白的表达与患者的预后生存情况的关系。结果(1)结直肠癌组织中Fascin-1蛋白的阳性率为38.0%(98/258),高于正常结直肠组织的阳性率0.0%(0/72),差异有统计学意义(χ2=38.901,P<0.01)。(2)女性、结肠及低分化的结直肠癌患者中Fascin-1蛋白的阳性率高于男性、直肠及高-中分化患者(χ2=4.256、20.085、8.471,P值均<0.05)。(3)在EGFR阳性结直肠癌患者的Fascin-1蛋白阳性表达率(42.9%,91/212)较EGFR阴性病例(15.2%,7/46)高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.318,P<0.01);Spearman相关分析显示,结直肠癌组织中EGFR和Fascin-1蛋白表达呈正相关(rs=0.219,P<0.01)。(4)194例获得随访的结直肠癌患者5年总生存率为73.2%(142/194),5年无复发生存率为65.5%(127/194)。其中EGFR和Fascin-1均阳性患者的5年平均总生存期及5年总生存率(47.8个月、64.7%)低于非均阳性患者(54.4个月、77.8%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.039,P<0.05)。结论结直肠癌中EGFR与Fascin-1蛋白的表达呈正相关,二者同时表达与患者预后不良有关。