Accurate location or positioning of people and self-driven devices in large indoor environments has become an important necessity The application of increasingly automated self-operating moving transportation units,in...Accurate location or positioning of people and self-driven devices in large indoor environments has become an important necessity The application of increasingly automated self-operating moving transportation units,in large indoor spaces demands a precise knowledge of their positions.Technologies like WiFi and Bluetooth,despite their low-cost and availability,are sensitive to signal noise and fading effects.For these reasons,a hybrid approach,which uses two different signal sources,has proven to be more resilient and accurate for the positioning determination in indoor environments.Hence,this paper proposes an improved hybrid technique to implement a fingerprinting based indoor positioning,using Received Signal Strength information from available Wireless Local Area Network access points,together with the Wireless Sensor Networks technology.Six signals were recorded on a regular grid of anchor points,covering the research space.An optimization was performed by relative signal weighting,to minimize the average positioning error over the research space.The optimization process was conducted using a standard Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization,while the position error estimate for all given sets of weighted signals was performed using aMultilayer Perceptron(MLP)neural network.Compared to our previous research works,the MLP architecture was improved to three hidden layers and its learning parameters were finely tuned.These experimental results led to the 20%reduction of the positioning error when a suitable set of signal weights was calculated in the optimization process.Our final achieved value of 0.725 m of the location incertitude shows a sensible improvement compared to our previous results.展开更多
An experimental machine vision apparatus was used to identify and extract recyclable plastic bottles out of a conveyor belt. Color images were taken with a commercially available Webcam, and the recognition was perfor...An experimental machine vision apparatus was used to identify and extract recyclable plastic bottles out of a conveyor belt. Color images were taken with a commercially available Webcam, and the recognition was performed by our homemade software, based on the shape and dimensions of object images. The software was able to manage multiple bottles in a single image and was additionally extended to cases involving touching bottles. The identification was fulfilled by comparing the set of measured features with an existing database and meanwhile integrating various recognition techniques such as minimum distance in the feature space, self-organized maps, and neural networks. The recognition system was tested on a set of 50 different bottles and provided so far an accuracy of about 97% on bottle identification. The extraction of the bottles was performed by means of a pneumatic arm, which was activated according to the plastic type; polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) bottles were left on the conveyor belt, while non-PET bottles were extracted. The software was designed to provide the best compromise between reli-ability and speed for real-time applications in view of the commercialization of the system at existing recycling plants.展开更多
文摘Accurate location or positioning of people and self-driven devices in large indoor environments has become an important necessity The application of increasingly automated self-operating moving transportation units,in large indoor spaces demands a precise knowledge of their positions.Technologies like WiFi and Bluetooth,despite their low-cost and availability,are sensitive to signal noise and fading effects.For these reasons,a hybrid approach,which uses two different signal sources,has proven to be more resilient and accurate for the positioning determination in indoor environments.Hence,this paper proposes an improved hybrid technique to implement a fingerprinting based indoor positioning,using Received Signal Strength information from available Wireless Local Area Network access points,together with the Wireless Sensor Networks technology.Six signals were recorded on a regular grid of anchor points,covering the research space.An optimization was performed by relative signal weighting,to minimize the average positioning error over the research space.The optimization process was conducted using a standard Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization,while the position error estimate for all given sets of weighted signals was performed using aMultilayer Perceptron(MLP)neural network.Compared to our previous research works,the MLP architecture was improved to three hidden layers and its learning parameters were finely tuned.These experimental results led to the 20%reduction of the positioning error when a suitable set of signal weights was calculated in the optimization process.Our final achieved value of 0.725 m of the location incertitude shows a sensible improvement compared to our previous results.
基金Project (No. 01-01-02-SF0011) supported by the Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) of Malaysia
文摘An experimental machine vision apparatus was used to identify and extract recyclable plastic bottles out of a conveyor belt. Color images were taken with a commercially available Webcam, and the recognition was performed by our homemade software, based on the shape and dimensions of object images. The software was able to manage multiple bottles in a single image and was additionally extended to cases involving touching bottles. The identification was fulfilled by comparing the set of measured features with an existing database and meanwhile integrating various recognition techniques such as minimum distance in the feature space, self-organized maps, and neural networks. The recognition system was tested on a set of 50 different bottles and provided so far an accuracy of about 97% on bottle identification. The extraction of the bottles was performed by means of a pneumatic arm, which was activated according to the plastic type; polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) bottles were left on the conveyor belt, while non-PET bottles were extracted. The software was designed to provide the best compromise between reli-ability and speed for real-time applications in view of the commercialization of the system at existing recycling plants.
