Carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) from 2 to 9 October 2019 was a major public health concern in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, after a transition from consumption of raw coal to upgraded briquette fuel. During the period, a tot...Carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) from 2 to 9 October 2019 was a major public health concern in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, after a transition from consumption of raw coal to upgraded briquette fuel. During the period, a total of 186 residents, which is 16 times more than the previous years, were exposed to COP and 6 persons died at home. We conduct a cross-sectional study by using registration data and medical history of all hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COP from 2 to 9 October 2019 and had an in-depth interview. 144 (77.4%) people from 85 households registered as potential cases and 124 (86.1%) people were diagnosed with COP. All households used upgraded briquettes, and 41 households (48.2%) used them for the first time. In 50% of cases, the stove was broken, the chimney was short, not heated, and the clay joint connecting the wall stove was broken. The majority of interviewees were unaware of COP and improperly used briquettes, and the safety of chimneys and stoves was insufficient which caused unintentional COP. It is necessary to provide information to the local population about the potential risks of COP, install CO alarms in households, and educate the population. In further, a well-established poisoning surveillance system is an important aspect of public health emergency preparedness in Mongolia.展开更多
Background: Most viral hepatitis deaths in 2015 were due to chronic liver disease (720,000 deaths due to cirrhosis) and primary liver cancer (470,000 deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma). Mongolia has a relatively ...Background: Most viral hepatitis deaths in 2015 were due to chronic liver disease (720,000 deaths due to cirrhosis) and primary liver cancer (470,000 deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma). Mongolia has a relatively high sero-prevalence of HCV nationally, approximately 6% (CDA Foundation/Polaris Observatory). Mongolia has a large burden of viral hepatitis, especially chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, which are associated with cancer and cirrhosis. Methods: All adults aged 40 - 65 years being tested for anti-HCV antibodies during the campaign of Arkhangai province. Risk assessment survey questionnaire that includes about behavioral and clinical factors potentially associated with HCV infection was used for optioning data. Statistical analysis that was done using SPSS version 21 was used for data analyzed. The relevant parametric and nonparametric tests were used for data analysis. Result: All 17,601 surveyed of individuals were tested for HCV by using ELISA test for detecting the anti-HCV Ab;3289 of them were positive and 3049 of them had detected a viral load test. Most of screened population was female (9095, 52.0%), mainly herdsman (7206, 40.9%), married (15,425, 87.6%), educated secondary level school (11,997, 68.2%) and aged between (9289, 52.8%). Significantly high number of female (60.6%), retired people (31.4%), single (13.8%) and people aged 55 - 59 years (21.6%) were infected more HCV-positive than other groups. Patients with HCV were more likely than uninfected individuals to have undergone any kind of surgery, wound and bloodletting treatment in life time. In addition, individual’s job plays important role to get infected with HCV. Only 914 (5.2%) individuals were reported that had no risk factors. 16.6 percent of screened individual were reported they had at least 3 types of risk factors. In total 10,524 individuals were reported that they had more than 4 risk factors to possibility to getting infected with HCV. Conclusion: In total, 19.5 percent of screened individuals had anti-HCV antibody, and most of them was not known not only mothers and sexual partners but also own infection to HCV. Mongolian prevalence of anti-HCV was relatively high. As would be predicted based on accepted risk factors, HCV-positive participants were more likely to have used injection at the non-medical environment, and had any kind of dental procedure, received blood transfusion, been shared needles/injection at the non-hospital environment. Also variety of personal behaviors like having any kind of tattoos influenced significantly to infected to HCV.展开更多
文摘Carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) from 2 to 9 October 2019 was a major public health concern in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, after a transition from consumption of raw coal to upgraded briquette fuel. During the period, a total of 186 residents, which is 16 times more than the previous years, were exposed to COP and 6 persons died at home. We conduct a cross-sectional study by using registration data and medical history of all hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COP from 2 to 9 October 2019 and had an in-depth interview. 144 (77.4%) people from 85 households registered as potential cases and 124 (86.1%) people were diagnosed with COP. All households used upgraded briquettes, and 41 households (48.2%) used them for the first time. In 50% of cases, the stove was broken, the chimney was short, not heated, and the clay joint connecting the wall stove was broken. The majority of interviewees were unaware of COP and improperly used briquettes, and the safety of chimneys and stoves was insufficient which caused unintentional COP. It is necessary to provide information to the local population about the potential risks of COP, install CO alarms in households, and educate the population. In further, a well-established poisoning surveillance system is an important aspect of public health emergency preparedness in Mongolia.
文摘Background: Most viral hepatitis deaths in 2015 were due to chronic liver disease (720,000 deaths due to cirrhosis) and primary liver cancer (470,000 deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma). Mongolia has a relatively high sero-prevalence of HCV nationally, approximately 6% (CDA Foundation/Polaris Observatory). Mongolia has a large burden of viral hepatitis, especially chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, which are associated with cancer and cirrhosis. Methods: All adults aged 40 - 65 years being tested for anti-HCV antibodies during the campaign of Arkhangai province. Risk assessment survey questionnaire that includes about behavioral and clinical factors potentially associated with HCV infection was used for optioning data. Statistical analysis that was done using SPSS version 21 was used for data analyzed. The relevant parametric and nonparametric tests were used for data analysis. Result: All 17,601 surveyed of individuals were tested for HCV by using ELISA test for detecting the anti-HCV Ab;3289 of them were positive and 3049 of them had detected a viral load test. Most of screened population was female (9095, 52.0%), mainly herdsman (7206, 40.9%), married (15,425, 87.6%), educated secondary level school (11,997, 68.2%) and aged between (9289, 52.8%). Significantly high number of female (60.6%), retired people (31.4%), single (13.8%) and people aged 55 - 59 years (21.6%) were infected more HCV-positive than other groups. Patients with HCV were more likely than uninfected individuals to have undergone any kind of surgery, wound and bloodletting treatment in life time. In addition, individual’s job plays important role to get infected with HCV. Only 914 (5.2%) individuals were reported that had no risk factors. 16.6 percent of screened individual were reported they had at least 3 types of risk factors. In total 10,524 individuals were reported that they had more than 4 risk factors to possibility to getting infected with HCV. Conclusion: In total, 19.5 percent of screened individuals had anti-HCV antibody, and most of them was not known not only mothers and sexual partners but also own infection to HCV. Mongolian prevalence of anti-HCV was relatively high. As would be predicted based on accepted risk factors, HCV-positive participants were more likely to have used injection at the non-medical environment, and had any kind of dental procedure, received blood transfusion, been shared needles/injection at the non-hospital environment. Also variety of personal behaviors like having any kind of tattoos influenced significantly to infected to HCV.
