腐殖酸对生物炭吸附四环素的影响

以猪粪为原料,分别在300℃和700℃条件下制备猪粪生物炭(以下简称生物炭)。采用静态吸附实验,研究生物炭对四环素的吸附性能以及腐殖酸对生物炭吸附四环素的影响。结果表明:生物炭对四环素的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程(R^2>0.99)。Langmuir和Freundlich方程都能很好地描述等温吸附过程(R^2>0.96)。最大吸附量随着热解温度的升高而增加,700℃条件下制备的生物炭吸附量最大,达到7.96mg/g。溶液pH影响吸附过程,pH为3.5~7.5时,生物炭对四环素的平衡吸附量较大。腐殖酸能缩短吸附平衡时间,使其由36.0h提前至18.0h。随着溶液中腐殖酸浓度的增加,300℃条件下制备的生物炭对四环素的平衡吸附量表现出增加的趋势,而700℃条件下制备的生物炭对四环素的平衡吸附量表现出减少的趋势。

Effects of operational factors on soluble microbial products in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor treating dilute wastewater

The effects of feed strength, hydraulic residence time （HRT）, and operational temperatures on soluble microbial product （SMP） production were investigated, to gain insights into the production mechanism. A carrier anaerobic baffled reactor （CABR） treating dilute wastewater was operated under a wide range of operational conditions, namely, feed strengths of 300-600 mg/L, HRTs of 9- 18 h, and temperatures of 10-28℃. Generally, SMP production increased with increasing feed strength and decreasing temperature. At high temperature （28℃）, SMP production increased with decreasing HRT. As the temperature was decreased to 18 and 10℃, the SMP production was at its peak for 12 h HRT. Therefore, temperature could be an important determinant of SMP production along with HRT. A higher SMP to soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD） ratio was found at high temperature and long HRT because of complete volatile fatty acid degradation. SMP accounted for 50%-75% of the SCOD in the last chamber of the CABR. As a secondary metabolite, some SMP could be consumed at lower feed strength.

废水处理污泥中邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌的多样性研究

系统探究了常规废水处理污泥对典型邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的微生物群落响应特征和污泥中PAEs降解菌的多样性。结果表明:(1)废水处理污泥经过10d培养后,对1000mg/L的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)的降解率分别可达99.9%和83.6%。DEHP的降解速率低于DBP。(2)DBP和DEHP的添加显著降低了废水处理污泥的微生物多样性;DBP、DEHP降解菌富集培养后污泥物种组成相似性较高,且均与废水处理污泥差异较大。(3)废水处理污泥中存在多种类型PAEs降解菌。高浓度DBP和DEHP的存在促使具有DBP/DEHP降解能力的微生物群落不断增长,进而成为优势微生物,最终达到DBP和DEHP的有效降解。

污水处理的最优污泥浓度初选

选取某化工厂污泥,采用不同浓度污泥处理生活污水和渗滤液两类污水,比较各污泥浓度下污泥性能及对污水中污染物(COD、TOC、TN、NH4+-N等)的去除率,得出8~11 g·L-1的污泥浓度是处理效率最佳的浓度范围。72 h时,生活污水在好氧条件下COD去除率为81.97%,TOC去除率为88.63%,TN去除率为93.66%,NH4+-N去除率为89.15%;厌氧条件下COD去除率为62.68%,TOC去除率为72.74%,TN去除率为93.61%,NH4+-N去除率为38.80%。与生活污水相比,渗滤液在相同条件下污染物去除率较低,如COD去除率在好氧条件下为12.81%。该化工厂污泥可直接用于处理生活污水,而对污染物浓度较高、成分较为复杂的渗滤液处理效率不佳,需经驯化后再投入使用。