±800kV特高压换流变异常产气故障分析及处理

针对某±800kV特高压换流变自投运后本体油中溶解气体含量缓慢增长的故障,本文介绍了故障发生基本情况,分析了故障原因及换流变排油内检查找故障点情况,最后阐述了现场处理修复过程。文中阐述的故障分析方法和检查过程对于特高压换流变的检修运维工作具有借鉴意义。

新生儿窒息危险因素及外周血miRNA182表达差异分析

目的分析新生儿窒息的危险因素及其对室息严重程度的影响,研究外周血中miRNA182在不同危险因素及室息程度不同情况下表达差异的价值。方法回顾性分析2020年6月-12月苏州大学附属儿童医院新生儿科住院114例新生儿的临床资料,将其分成重度室息组、轻度室息组和对照组,运用实时荧光定量PCR法(RT-qPCR)检测新生儿外周血单核细胞中miRNA182的表达水平。结果1.早产、出生体重、分娩方式、羊水污染是新生儿发生室息的危险因素(P<0.05);出生体重、分娩方式与新生儿窒息程度有关,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2.新生儿外周血miRNA182在室息组和对照组中的表达水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分娩方式对不同程度室息患儿外周血miRNA182的表达水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新生儿窒息危险因素有早产、出生体重、分娩方式、羊水污染;出生体重及分娩方式亦可影响室息程度。新生儿外周血miRNA182在室息组的表达水平呈低表达,根据室息危险因素和miRNA182表达特点可一定程度上帮助医务人员提早发现潜在室息风险、第一时间做好防护措施,降低室息的发生。

江河源区高寒草地畜牧业生态效率及影响因素

以江河源区为案例地,结合超效率DEA和Malmquist DEA模型考察高寒草地畜牧业生态效率时空变化,并分析其影响因素.结果表明:生态效率空间差异明显.2013年玉树、称多和囊谦超效率值较高,达日、玛多和唐古拉山镇超效率值较低,其他各县生态效率水平介于两者之间.生态效率动态变化可以划分3个阶段,1994-2002年为平稳上升阶段,2003-2006年为分化阶段,2007-2013年为急剧上升阶段.生态效率上升主要源于技术进步和规模效率提升,资本、降水和劳动力则是主要影响因素.需加大科技投入,提高技术和管理水平,提高劳动者素质;加强草原水利设施、人工草地和畜棚建设;加强草地生态和冻土保护,并完善畜牧业发展政策.

多年冻土对青藏高原草地生态承载力的贡献研究

草地生态系统是一个复杂的社会、经济、生态系统,多年冻土作为高寒草地生态系统结构和功能维系的重要因素,是客观刻画高寒草地生态承载力不容忽视的重要方面。文中采用结构动力学方法,从草地质量、草地干预、草地潜力、草地压力4个维度建立高寒草地生态承载力结构动力学模型,分析青藏高原多年冻土区草地生态承载力的变化以及主要结构要素,量化多年冻土变化对青藏高原高寒草地生态承载力的贡献率,结果表明:(1)多年冻土区草地生态承载力呈增加趋势,尤其是1998年以后上升显著,这主要归因于草地生长季节降水增加、气温升高、净初级生产力增幅驱动以及生态保护工程建设的共同作用。(2)多年冻土活动层厚度变化与草地生态承载力呈负相关,多年冻土活动层厚度对草地生态承载力的贡献率约为10%,即多年冻土活动层厚度每增加1个单位,将导致草地生态承载力下降0.1个单位。由于青藏高原空间差异显著,加之气候变化的不确定性,这一贡献水平只是一个粗略的参照值。

Spatial distribution of mountainous regions and classifications of economic development in China

China is a mountainous country with a great diversity of landform and geomorphology.This diversity underlines the need for regionalization and classification.This study defines the mountain terrains and regions with three criteria-elevation,relative height,and slope,and examines the extent of mountainous regions by using county as the basic administrative unit.According to the three parameters of economic base,resident income and development potential,we classified the economic development level in mountainous regions of China.The findings reveal that the extent of the mountainous region accounts for 74.9% of the China's Mainland's total area.The economic development of mountainous regions in China is classified into 4 main types and 23 subtypes.

Spatial variation of the relationship between transport accessibility and the level of economic development in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

As an important component of China’ transportation systems, for a long time, the insufficient performance of transport in QinghaiTibet Plateau(QTP) was a bottleneck restricting the economic growth and social development in this area. Nevertheless, the implementation of the western development strategy has accelerated the preliminary construction of comprehensive transport network since 2000. Due to the large area and significant geographical heterogeneity, there is a growing need to understand the relationship between transportation and economic development based on the perspective of spatial difference. By using GIS-based raster analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) model, we investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of highway, railway and airport accessibility, respectively, and estimated the correlation and heterogeneity between transport accessibility and the level of economic development. Results revealed that:(1) Transport accessibility in the QTP improved by 53.38% in the past 15 years, which is specifically embodied in the improvement of both highway and railway.(2) Accessibility presented prominent differentiation in the space, increasing from west to east and reducing with the rise of elevation, specifically, the best accessibility area of the highway is below 4000 m above sea level, while the area with an altitude of over 4000 m has the lowest aviation time cost.(3) In general, the long weighted average time cost to critical transport facilities posed significantly negative effect on county economic growth in QTP, more positively, the adverse effect gradually weakened over time.(4) Obvious heterogeneity exists at the influence of different transport accessibility factors on the level of economic development, reflecting both in the horizontal space and altitudinal belt. Therefore, region-specific policies should be addressed for the sustainable development of transport facilities as well as economy in the west mountain areas.

Effects of altitude on county economic development in China

Mountain regions play an increasingly essential role in global sustainable development, and the related sustainable development issues have attracted increasing attention. There are obvious vertical spatial differentiation phenomena in both natural and socio-eeonomic fields with altitude being a key factor affecting the economic development of mountain regions. However, the exact influence of altitude is still unknown. Based on the county scale, this paper used the gravitational potential energy model to evaluate the effects of altitude on economic development in China. The results indicate that the high-altitude areas were the depression areas of county economic development, and county economic density showed a decreasing trend with the increase of altitude. County economic density respectively decreased by 0.10%, 0.04% and 0.02% with every 1% increase in altitude in 2000, 2005 and 2010. Here we demonstrate that high altitude has negative effect on county economy, although the negative effect presented a downward trend. The results also showed that increasing capital and labor investments could reduce the negative effect of high altitude on county economy. In 2010, with every 1% increase in capital and labor density, county economic density increased by 0.62% and 0.83%, respectively. The effects of altitude were the results of multidimensional factors. The fundamental approach to reduce the negative effects of high altitude is to combine the ecological environment and resources to develop characteristic industries. The construction of infrastructure should be strengthened, which can promote the occurrence of the contra-flow of people, logistics and capital, and promote the balanced development of county economy.

Role of permafrost in resilience of social-ecological system and its spatio-temporal dynamics in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

Permafrost is one of the key components of terrestrial ecosystem in cold regions. In the context of climate change, few studies have investigated resilience of social ecological system(SER) from the perspective of permafrost that restricts the hydrothermal condition of alpine grassland ecosystem. In this paper, based on the structural dynamics, we developed the numerical model for the SER in the permafrost regions of the source of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and sensitivity of the SER, and estimated the effect of permafrost change on the SER. The results indicate that: 1) the SER has an increasing trend, especially after 1997, which is the joint effect of precipitation, temperature, NPP and ecological conservation projects; 2) the SER shows the spatial feature of high in southeast and low in northwest,which is consistent with the variation trends of high southeast and low northwest for the precipitation, temperature and NPP, and low southeast and high northwest for the altitude; 3) the high sensitive regions of SER to the permafrost change have gradually transited from the island distribution to zonal and planar distribution since 1980, moreover, the sensitive degree has gradually reduced; relatively, the sensitivity has high value in the north and south, and low value in the south and east; 4) the thickness of permafrost active layer shows a highly negative correlation with the SER. The contribution rate of permafrost change to the SER is-4.3%, that is, once the thickness of permafrost active layer increases 1 unit, the SER would decrease 0.04 units.

An ecosystem services zoning framework for the permafrost regions of China

The degradation of the permafrost regions, resulting from intensive anthropogenic activities and global warming, has led to the loss of ecosystem services and is threating human well-being. Nevertheless, the real ecosystem service values and their complete zoning system in the permafrost regions have received insufficient attention. Research gaps between the identification of permafrost-based ecosystem services and ecosystem management are seriously constraining the development of cryospheric science. Thus, an ecosystem service zoning framework that links ecosystem services with human welfares is proposed to solve the abovementioned challenges in the permafrost regions of China. The three tiered zoning framework for ecosystem services, consisting of zoning goals, principles, hierarchy, methodology, and nomenclature, is proposed for the permafrost regions of China. A combined method, i.e., GIS spatial tools, the location entropy analysis model, and ecosystem services assessment, was employed to distinguish ecosystem conditions, ecosystem service supply, and beneficiaries into these three-grade ecosystem service zones. Hierarchical and dynamic zoning could clarify protection priorities of ecosystems and ecosystem services in terms of regions, grades, and types. The framework could contribute to sustainable management of ecosystem services in the cryosphere.

220kV变压器高压侧直流电阻超标原因分析及处理

本文中作者介绍了一起220k V变压器高压侧直流电阻超标缺陷发现的过程,分析了缺陷发生原因,阐述了缺陷处理过程,并提出了相关建议。

The Effects of Natural Capital Protection on Pastoralist's Livelihood and Management Implication in the Source Region of the Yellow River, China

The interaction among different livelihood capitals is a key to generate a deeper understanding of the livelihood sustainability.In this paper,we use net income per capita(economic capital),meat and milk production per capita(physical capital),and areas of fenced pasture,livestock shelter,grassland rodent control and planted grassland(physical capital) as proxy indicators of livelihood promotion,livelihood provision,and livelihood protection respectively.By developing a correlation model between pastoralists' livelihood protection and improvement,we found that(1) there is a statistically significant correlation between the pastoralists' livelihood protection and promotion;(2) based on the maximum effect of pastoralists' livelihood promotion and provision,there is a benchmark in the effect of the intervention intensity of livelihood capital(grassland resource protection) on livelihood improvement;(3) on basis of two indicators,i.e.net income per capita and meat production per capita,the reasonable scales of fenced pasture,livestock shelter and planted grassland are less than 843,860 and 46 thousand hectares(hm2) per year respectively.With the marginal effect of livelihood protection,moderately decreased areas of fenced pasture and planted grassland,and increased area of livestock shelter is a critical to ensure pastoralist's livelihood sustainability.

一起500kV变压器低压侧直流电阻超标原因分析及处理

本文中作者分析了检修过程中发现的500kV变压器某相低压侧直流电阻超标缺陷,详细介绍了缺陷发现过程,分析了缺陷原因,并阐述了缺陷处理过程。

Gradient effect of road transportation on economic development in different geomorphic regions

The economic benefits of transport infrastructure investment have been widely accepted.However,the varying influence of road transport development across vertical space has rarely been discussed.Taking Sichuan province in China as case study area where the landform is diverse and complex,administrative counties were categorized into 4 main types:plain counties,hill counties,mountain counties,and plateau counties.Using statistical data during 2006-2014,theperformanceofeconomic development and transport construction level in the four types of counties are discussed.Subsequently,the heterogeneous effect of each grade road on economy was calculated by local regression model(GWR).The results indicate that plain counties largely surpassed the other geomorphic counties in economic development level,while the gradient gap among them was on the decline.Similarly,distribution of transport infrastructure presented a decreasing trend from the low plain counties to high plateau counties.Regional imbalances were mainly reflected in the County road and Village road.Regarding the changes of regional gaps,National&Provincial roads and County roads were constantly expanding,whereas the disparity of Village road was slowly narrowing over time.Particularly noteworthy was the non-stationary economic influence of traffic factors across vertical gradients.On average,National&Provincial roads generated higher benefits in the high elevation regions than the lowlands.In contrast,County road and Village road were found to be more effective in promoting economic development in plains.With regard to local estimates of traffic factors,coefficients in mountain counties exhibited larger fluctuation ranges than other geomorphic units.The conclusions provide a basis for government decisionmaking in a more reasonable construction arrangement of road facilities and sustainable economic development.

Cascading adaptation of rural livelihood to changing environment:Conceptual framework and experiment from the Koshi River basin

Rural communities in the Koshi River basin,a trans-boundary river basin in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas,have been experiencing unprecedented difficulties for adapting with the livelihood challenges arising from floods,droughts and other climatic,environmental and socio-economic stresses.The single purpose adaptation approach often fails to address the multiple challenges arises from cascading effects of climate change at different scales and stages.To fill this gap,we developed a multi-dimensional flexible adaptation framework looking at the four dimensions of adaptation,structure,issue,time,and space(SITS).The SITS framework provides a comprehensive approach for cascading adaptation at trans-boundary river basin level and it could effectively enhance the adaptive capacity and transform livelihood outcome if properly implemented.Following the SITS framework,we examined four cascading adaptation pathways for:i)reducing disaster stressors on livelihoods,ii)enhancing access to crucial livelihood capitals,iii)improving equal rights to livelihood,and iv)strengthening synergies and exploiting complementarities at trans-boundary river basin level.The findings revealed that in the context of changing climate,it is necessary to employ different livelihood adaptation strategies and multiple responses simultaneously or sequentially to successfully adapt to the cascading effects of changing climate.The cascading adaptation may provide a sound basis on which to cope with the climate uncertainty through realistic scenarios of structure,issue,time and space.Its implementation,however,has several obstacles,for example,differences in national system,investment capacity,complexity of trans-boundary basin,remained particularly in trans-boundary river basin where managing transnational trade-offs and harness spatial synergies are critically important.

Changes in the food supply capacity of alpine grassland ecosystem:A dialectic synthesis of natural and anthropogenic drivers

Grassland-based animal husbandry and livestock production is the main contributor to livelihood creation for herdsmen.By using the structural dynamics method,this study quantified the changes in the food supply capacity(FSC)of alpine grassland ecosystem and sensitivity to significant variables.The findings indicated that:i)Natural factors were the dominated forces affecting FSC,and their contribution was 71.3%.Of these natural elements,the net primary productivity(NPP)and precipitation were the largest contributors,accounting for approximately 35%.The sensitivity index of the FSC to NPP and precipitation during grassland growing season were 4.1 and 1.9 respectively.On the contrary,human factors like warm shed area,density of road,capacity for access to information,contributed to 28.7%of the total FSC.ii)More intense snow disaster had a larger negative impact on FSC.Snow disaster can cause dramatic reduction in FSC,with a loss rate of 27.6%and with none intense disaster more negative impacts,iii)The continuing increase of FSC in the past 30 years from 1984 to 2014 was due to the significant increase of precipitation and NPP in the growing season of alpine grassland.Evidently,successful adaptation to climate change was critical to combat the climatic adversely impact on FSC.Typically,strengthening information dissemination,road accessibility and knowledge popularization of local residents'disaster reduction should be place high priority for improving FSC。