Nanocarrier-mediated siRNA delivery:a new approach for the treatment of traumatic brain injury-related Alzheimer's disease

Traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease share pathological similarities,including neuronal loss,amyloid-βdeposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,blood-brain barrier dysfunction,neuroinflammation,and cognitive deficits.Furthermore,traumatic brain injury can exacerbate Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies,potentially leading to the development of Alzheimer's disease.Nanocarriers offer a potential solution by facilitating the delive ry of small interfering RNAs across the blood-brain barrier for the targeted silencing of key pathological genes implicated in traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease.U nlike traditional approaches to neuro regeneration,this is a molecula r-targeted strategy,thus avoiding non-specific drug actions.This review focuses on the use of nanocarrier systems for the efficient and precise delive ry of siRNAs,discussing the advantages,challenges,and future directions.In principle,siRNAs have the potential to target all genes and non-targetable protein s,holding significant promise for treating various diseases.Among the various therapeutic approaches currently available for neurological diseases,siRNA gene silencing can precisely"turn off"the expression of any gene at the genetic level,thus radically inhibiting disease progression;however,a significant challenge lies in delivering siRNAs across the blood-brain barrier.Nanoparticles have received increasing attention as an innovative drug delive ry tool fo r the treatment of brain diseases.They are considered a potential therapeutic strategy with the advantages of being able to cross the blood-brain barrier,targeted drug delivery,enhanced drug stability,and multifunctional therapy.The use of nanoparticles to deliver specific modified siRNAs to the injured brain is gradually being recognized as a feasible and effective approach.Although this strategy is still in the preclinical exploration stage,it is expected to achieve clinical translation in the future,creating a new field of molecular targeted therapy and precision medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease associated with traumatic brain injury.

A machine learning approach to tracking crustal thickness variations in the eastern North China Craton

The variation of crustal thickness is a critical index to reveal how the continental crust evolved over its four billion years.Generally,ratios of whole-rock trace elements,such as Sr/Y,(La/Yb)n and Ce/Y,are used to characterize crustal thicknesses.However,sometimes confusing results are obtained since there is no enough filtered data.Here,a state-of-the-art approach,based on a machine-learning algorithm,is proposed to predict crustal thickness using global major-and trace-element geochemical data of intermediate arc rocks and intraplate basalts,and their corresponding crustal thicknesses.After the validation processes,the root-mean-square error(RMSE)and the coefficient of determination(R2)score were used to evaluate the performance of the machine learning algorithm based on the learning dataset which has never been used during the training phase.The results demonstrate that the machine learning algorithm is more reliable in predicting crustal thickness than the conventional methods.The trained model predicts that the crustal thickness of the eastern North China Craton(ENCC)was-45 km from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous,but-35 km from the Early Cretaceous,which corresponds to the paleo-elevation of 3.0±1.5 km at Early Mesozoic,and decease to the present-day elevation in the ENCC.The estimates are generally consistent with the previous studies on xenoliths from the lower crust and on the paleoenvironment of the coastal mountain of the ENCC,which indicates that the lower crust of the ENCC was delaminated abruptly at the Early Cretaceous.

晶圆电镀装备研发关键技术及其表界面基础

电镀在半导体金属化和封装工艺中扮演着重要的角色.本文综述了晶圆电镀装备的发展历程,针对电镀装备研发中涉及的表界面基础和技术问题,如金属表界面的性质、电极界面的反应、多物理场耦合等对镀层质量和均匀度的影响及其解决方案进行了概述.最后对晶圆电镀装备的未来发展进行了展望,希望对我国晶圆电镀装备的研发提供参考.

光伏驱动未来--“新型太阳能电池材料与器件”专栏序言

过度使用化石能源发电给当今世界带来一系列环境和气候问题,已引起世界各国的关注。我国在“十四五”规划中已提出要整体削减化石能源发电的比例,提高可再生能源发电的比例,最终实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标。我国太阳能资源丰富,光伏发电产业发展迅速,并已进入平价上网时代,未来光伏产业具有巨大的发展空间。光伏发电的核心元件—太阳能电池,备受关注。根据所用材料的不同,太阳能电池可分为晶硅太阳能电池、无机化合物薄膜太阳能电池、有机太阳能电池和钙钛矿太阳能电池等。其中,晶硅太阳能电池的发展最成熟,目前已经成功商业化。

Synthesis, Characterization and Control of Proportion of Polymorph C in ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 Films

Continuous ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films on silicon wafer were prepared in fluoride media using TEAOH asorganic structure-directing agent. The proportion ofpolymorph C in the as-synthesized ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films wasdetermined via X-ray diffraction characterization. The proportion of polymorph C in the ITQ-16 and 1TQ-17 filmswas controlled via optimizing the compositions of the reaction mixtures and reaction conditions, such as varyingthe Si/Ge molar ratio and adding n-propyl alcohol as a solvent in the reaction mixture, The Ge atoms in the reactionmedia strongly increased the crystallization of polymorph C in ITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films. Moreover, the stabilizingand buffering effect of n-propyl alcohol on crystal growth further enhanced the proportion of polymorph C in theITQ-16 and ITQ-17 films. For potential catalytic applications, A1 was incorporated into the framework ofpolymorphC, and a pure phase of polymorph C in Al-ITQ-17 film was achieved from the synthesis gel in the n-propyl alcohol phase.

Multicolor Photoluminescence in ITQ-16 Zeolite Film

Exploring the native defects of zeolites is highly important for understanding the properties of zeolites, such as catalysis and optics. Here, ITQ-16 films were prepared via the secondary growth method in the presence of Ge atoms. Various intrinsic defects of ITQ-16 films were fully studied through photoluminescence and FTIR characterizations. It was found that both the as-synthesized and calcined ITQ-16 films displayed multicolor photolumines- cence including ultraviolet, blue, green and red emissions by exciting upon appropriate wavelengths. The results in- dicate that Si--OH and non-bridging oxygen hole centers（NBOHCs） are responsible for the origin of green and red emissions at 540--800 nm, while according to a variety of emission bands of calcined ITQ-16 film, blue emission bands at around 446 and 462 nm are attributed to peroxy free radicals（≡SiO2＊）, ultraviolet emissions ranging from 250 nm to 450 nm are suggested originating from a singlet-to-triplet transition of two-fold-coordinated Si and Ge, respectively.