Freeze injury is an usual disaster for winter wheat in Shanxi Province, China, and monitoring freeze injury is of important economic significance. The aim of this article is to monitor and analyze the winter wheat fre...Freeze injury is an usual disaster for winter wheat in Shanxi Province, China, and monitoring freeze injury is of important economic significance. The aim of this article is to monitor and analyze the winter wheat freeze injury using remote sensing data, to monitor the occurrence and spatial distribution of winter wheat freeze in time, as well as the severity of the damage. The winter wheat freeze injury was monitored using multi-temporal moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer （MODIS） data, combined with ground meteorological data and field survey data, the change of normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） before and after freeze injury was analyzed, as well as the effect of winter wheat growth recovery rate on yield. The results showed that the NDVI of winter wheat decreased dramatically after the suffering from freeze injury, which was the prominent feature for the winter wheat freeze injury monitoring. The degrees of winter wheat freeze injury were different in the three regions, of which, Yuncheng was the worst severity and the largest freeze injury area, the severity of freeze injury correlates with the breeding stage of the winter wheat. The yield of winter wheat showed positive correlation with its growth recovery rate （r=0.659^＊＊ which can be utilized to monitor the severity of winter wheat freeze injury as well as its impact on yield. It can effectively monitor the occurrence and severity of winter wheat freeze injury using horizontal and vertical profile distribution and growth wheat freeze injury in Shanxi Province. recovery rate, and provide a basis for monitoring the winter展开更多
The effects of supplementing 50%of the mineral N fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the metabolism and diversity of soil microbial communities in an oat field were investigated using Biolog-Eco plates.The experimen...The effects of supplementing 50%of the mineral N fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the metabolism and diversity of soil microbial communities in an oat field were investigated using Biolog-Eco plates.The experiment consisted of five treatments:no fertilizer(CK),mineral N fertilizer applied at 90 and 45 kg ha^(-1) N in the form of urea(U1 and U2,respectively),and U2 supplemented with organic fertilizer in the form of sheep manure at 90 and 45 kg ha^(-1) N(U2OM1 and U2OM2,respectively).Each treatment had three replications.The experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Pinglu District,Shanxi Province,China.The carbon source utilization by soil microbial communities,such as amino acids,amines,carbohydrates,carboxylic acids,and polymers,increased when 50%of the mineral N fertilizer was replaced with organic fertilizer in both years.This result was accompanied by increased richness,dominance,and evenness of the microbial communities.The utilization of amino acid,amine,and carboxylic acid carbon sources and community evenness were further improved when the organic fertilizer amount was doubled in both years.Biplot analysis indicated that amines and amino acids were the most representative of the total carbon source utilization by the soil microbial communities in both years.The highest oat yield was achieved at a total N application rate of 135 kg ha^(-1) in the treatment involving 45 kg ha^(-1) N in the form of urea and 90 kg ha^(-1) N in the form of sheep manure in both years.It was concluded that the application of 50%of the conventional rate of mineral N fertilizer supplemented with an appropriate rate of organic fertilizer enhanced both the functional diversity of soil microbial communities and oat yield.Amine and amino acid carbon sources may be used as a substitute for total carbon sources for assessing total carbon source utilization by soil microbial communities in oat fields in future studies.展开更多
目的探讨绝经后女性2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块面积大小与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、髋部几何结构之间的关系。方法回顾性纳入在南方医科大学第三附属医院内分泌科住院的316例绝经后女性...目的探讨绝经后女性2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块面积大小与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、髋部几何结构之间的关系。方法回顾性纳入在南方医科大学第三附属医院内分泌科住院的316例绝经后女性T2DM患者住院期间的临床数据,将纳入对象分为颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者(斑块组)139例和无斑块组177例,采用双能X线骨密度仪及其配置的高级髋关节分析软件系统(advanced hip analysis,AHA),测量两组BMD,包括腰椎(lumbar1-4 BMD,L1-4-BMD)和左侧股骨颈(femoral neck BMD,FN-BMD)、股骨转子(trochanter BMD,TR-BMD)和髋部总体(total hip BMD,TH-BMD),以及髋部几何结构参数。结果斑块组患者骨质疏松发生率比无斑块组高(48.2%vs 26.6%,P<0.05)。斑块组TR-BMD、TH-BMD、截面面积(cross-sectional area,CSA)、截面力矩(cross-sectional moment of inertia,CSMI)、截面模量(sectional modulus,Z)均低于无斑块组,屈曲应力比(buckling ratio,BR)高于无斑块组(P<0.05),而两组间L1-4-BMD、FN-BMD、髋部轴长(hip axis length,HAL)以及股骨强度指数(femur strength index,FSI)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。针对斑块组的相关性分析结果显示,在校正各相关因素后,斑块总面积仍与TR-BMD、TH-BMD、CSA、CSMI、Z、FSI存在负相关(r′分别为-0.196、-0.161、-0.222、-0.188、-0.180、-0.114,P<0.05),与BR呈正相关(r′=0.497,P<0.05),而与腰椎骨BMD、HAL无明显相关(P>0.05)。多元逐步线性回归进一步证实,斑块总面积是TR-BMD、TH-BMD以及CSA、CSMI、Z、BR、FSI的主要影响因素。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成是绝经后女性T2DM患者并发骨质疏松的独立危险因素,随着颈动脉斑块面积增大,患者并发髋部骨质疏松的风险会随之升高。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Key Tech-nologies R&D Program of Shanxi Province, China(20060311140)the Open Project Program of Weather Bureau of Shanxi Province, China (SX053001)
文摘Freeze injury is an usual disaster for winter wheat in Shanxi Province, China, and monitoring freeze injury is of important economic significance. The aim of this article is to monitor and analyze the winter wheat freeze injury using remote sensing data, to monitor the occurrence and spatial distribution of winter wheat freeze in time, as well as the severity of the damage. The winter wheat freeze injury was monitored using multi-temporal moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer （MODIS） data, combined with ground meteorological data and field survey data, the change of normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） before and after freeze injury was analyzed, as well as the effect of winter wheat growth recovery rate on yield. The results showed that the NDVI of winter wheat decreased dramatically after the suffering from freeze injury, which was the prominent feature for the winter wheat freeze injury monitoring. The degrees of winter wheat freeze injury were different in the three regions, of which, Yuncheng was the worst severity and the largest freeze injury area, the severity of freeze injury correlates with the breeding stage of the winter wheat. The yield of winter wheat showed positive correlation with its growth recovery rate （r=0.659^＊＊ which can be utilized to monitor the severity of winter wheat freeze injury as well as its impact on yield. It can effectively monitor the occurrence and severity of winter wheat freeze injury using horizontal and vertical profile distribution and growth wheat freeze injury in Shanxi Province. recovery rate, and provide a basis for monitoring the winter
基金This research was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province,China(201703D211001-03-01 and 201703D211001-03-03)and the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province,China(201903D221061).
文摘The effects of supplementing 50%of the mineral N fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the metabolism and diversity of soil microbial communities in an oat field were investigated using Biolog-Eco plates.The experiment consisted of five treatments:no fertilizer(CK),mineral N fertilizer applied at 90 and 45 kg ha^(-1) N in the form of urea(U1 and U2,respectively),and U2 supplemented with organic fertilizer in the form of sheep manure at 90 and 45 kg ha^(-1) N(U2OM1 and U2OM2,respectively).Each treatment had three replications.The experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Pinglu District,Shanxi Province,China.The carbon source utilization by soil microbial communities,such as amino acids,amines,carbohydrates,carboxylic acids,and polymers,increased when 50%of the mineral N fertilizer was replaced with organic fertilizer in both years.This result was accompanied by increased richness,dominance,and evenness of the microbial communities.The utilization of amino acid,amine,and carboxylic acid carbon sources and community evenness were further improved when the organic fertilizer amount was doubled in both years.Biplot analysis indicated that amines and amino acids were the most representative of the total carbon source utilization by the soil microbial communities in both years.The highest oat yield was achieved at a total N application rate of 135 kg ha^(-1) in the treatment involving 45 kg ha^(-1) N in the form of urea and 90 kg ha^(-1) N in the form of sheep manure in both years.It was concluded that the application of 50%of the conventional rate of mineral N fertilizer supplemented with an appropriate rate of organic fertilizer enhanced both the functional diversity of soil microbial communities and oat yield.Amine and amino acid carbon sources may be used as a substitute for total carbon sources for assessing total carbon source utilization by soil microbial communities in oat fields in future studies.
文摘目的探讨绝经后女性2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块面积大小与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、髋部几何结构之间的关系。方法回顾性纳入在南方医科大学第三附属医院内分泌科住院的316例绝经后女性T2DM患者住院期间的临床数据,将纳入对象分为颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者(斑块组)139例和无斑块组177例,采用双能X线骨密度仪及其配置的高级髋关节分析软件系统(advanced hip analysis,AHA),测量两组BMD,包括腰椎(lumbar1-4 BMD,L1-4-BMD)和左侧股骨颈(femoral neck BMD,FN-BMD)、股骨转子(trochanter BMD,TR-BMD)和髋部总体(total hip BMD,TH-BMD),以及髋部几何结构参数。结果斑块组患者骨质疏松发生率比无斑块组高(48.2%vs 26.6%,P<0.05)。斑块组TR-BMD、TH-BMD、截面面积(cross-sectional area,CSA)、截面力矩(cross-sectional moment of inertia,CSMI)、截面模量(sectional modulus,Z)均低于无斑块组,屈曲应力比(buckling ratio,BR)高于无斑块组(P<0.05),而两组间L1-4-BMD、FN-BMD、髋部轴长(hip axis length,HAL)以及股骨强度指数(femur strength index,FSI)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。针对斑块组的相关性分析结果显示,在校正各相关因素后,斑块总面积仍与TR-BMD、TH-BMD、CSA、CSMI、Z、FSI存在负相关(r′分别为-0.196、-0.161、-0.222、-0.188、-0.180、-0.114,P<0.05),与BR呈正相关(r′=0.497,P<0.05),而与腰椎骨BMD、HAL无明显相关(P>0.05)。多元逐步线性回归进一步证实,斑块总面积是TR-BMD、TH-BMD以及CSA、CSMI、Z、BR、FSI的主要影响因素。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成是绝经后女性T2DM患者并发骨质疏松的独立危险因素,随着颈动脉斑块面积增大,患者并发髋部骨质疏松的风险会随之升高。
