Bacillus subtilis B47 is an endophytic bacterium of tomato, and produces substance that strongly inhibits the growth of Bipolaris maydis, the pathogen of southern corn leaf blight （SCLB）, as well as several other ph...Bacillus subtilis B47 is an endophytic bacterium of tomato, and produces substance that strongly inhibits the growth of Bipolaris maydis, the pathogen of southern corn leaf blight （SCLB）, as well as several other phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal substance was purified from the broth culture of the bacterium using acid precipitation, methanol extraction, and three-step chromatography. Based on FT-IR spectrometry, amino acid composition, and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS CID analyses, the antifungal substance was identified as iturin A2, a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic. To evaluate the efficacy of iturin A2 for control of SCLB, partially purified iturin A2 （75%, w/v） was applied under different conditions. At the concentration of 300 mg kg-1, iturin A2 showed efficacy ranging from 100 to 53.1% under in vitro, in plot and in field conditions. This efficacy was higher than or similar to that of the fungicide chlorothalonil. When the concentration of iturin A2 was increased to 500 mg kg-1, the control efficacy was enhanced to 64.2% in field, which was significantly higher than that of chlorothalonil. These results indicate that iturin A2 has potential for SCLB control and could be a substitute to synthetic fungicides. To our knowledge, this is the first report on using partially purified iturin A for control of SCLB under field conditions.展开更多
本文利用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)、可见光/红外辐射成像仪(VIIRS)可见光卫星云图,对2017—2021年发生在大西洋和印度洋上的118个“射线状”云个例进行了统计分析,利用天气研究和预报模式(Weather research and forecasting model, WR...本文利用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)、可见光/红外辐射成像仪(VIIRS)可见光卫星云图,对2017—2021年发生在大西洋和印度洋上的118个“射线状”云个例进行了统计分析,利用天气研究和预报模式(Weather research and forecasting model, WRF),对2019年7月8日南大西洋上空的“射线状”云个例进行了水平分辨率为1 km的模拟研究,分析了云凝结核浓度、气温、垂直运动速度、水汽混合比的垂直结构和水汽的水平分布。研究结论显示:“射线状”云是一种主要发生在低纬度地区的中尺度天气现象,且就大西洋和印度洋海域而言,多发生于南半球大洋上空,北半球夏季和秋季是“射线状”云的频发季节;每个“射线状”云臂单体出现处均对应有不同程度的上升运动,“射线状”云是具有对流性质的云;大气逆温层会限制云向高处发展,使得水汽被限制在逆温层高度以下,大范围的逆温层是塑造“射线状”云形态的重要因素。展开更多
基金financially supported by the grants from the Department of Science and Technology,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China (0991056)
文摘Bacillus subtilis B47 is an endophytic bacterium of tomato, and produces substance that strongly inhibits the growth of Bipolaris maydis, the pathogen of southern corn leaf blight （SCLB）, as well as several other phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal substance was purified from the broth culture of the bacterium using acid precipitation, methanol extraction, and three-step chromatography. Based on FT-IR spectrometry, amino acid composition, and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS CID analyses, the antifungal substance was identified as iturin A2, a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic. To evaluate the efficacy of iturin A2 for control of SCLB, partially purified iturin A2 （75%, w/v） was applied under different conditions. At the concentration of 300 mg kg-1, iturin A2 showed efficacy ranging from 100 to 53.1% under in vitro, in plot and in field conditions. This efficacy was higher than or similar to that of the fungicide chlorothalonil. When the concentration of iturin A2 was increased to 500 mg kg-1, the control efficacy was enhanced to 64.2% in field, which was significantly higher than that of chlorothalonil. These results indicate that iturin A2 has potential for SCLB control and could be a substitute to synthetic fungicides. To our knowledge, this is the first report on using partially purified iturin A for control of SCLB under field conditions.
文摘本文利用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)、可见光/红外辐射成像仪(VIIRS)可见光卫星云图,对2017—2021年发生在大西洋和印度洋上的118个“射线状”云个例进行了统计分析,利用天气研究和预报模式(Weather research and forecasting model, WRF),对2019年7月8日南大西洋上空的“射线状”云个例进行了水平分辨率为1 km的模拟研究,分析了云凝结核浓度、气温、垂直运动速度、水汽混合比的垂直结构和水汽的水平分布。研究结论显示:“射线状”云是一种主要发生在低纬度地区的中尺度天气现象,且就大西洋和印度洋海域而言,多发生于南半球大洋上空,北半球夏季和秋季是“射线状”云的频发季节;每个“射线状”云臂单体出现处均对应有不同程度的上升运动,“射线状”云是具有对流性质的云;大气逆温层会限制云向高处发展,使得水汽被限制在逆温层高度以下,大范围的逆温层是塑造“射线状”云形态的重要因素。
