Research progress and challenges in stem cell therapy for diabetic foot: Bibliometric analysis and perspectives

BACKGROUND Stem cell therapy has shown great potential for treating diabetic foot(DF).AIM To conduct a bibliometric analysis of studies on the use of stem cell therapy for DF over the past two decades,with the aim of depicting the current global research landscape,identifying the most influential research hotspots,and providing insights for future research directions.METHODS We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database for all relevant studies on the use of stem cell therapy in DF.Bibliometric analysis was carried out using CiteSpace,VOSviewer,and R(4.3.1)to identify the most notable studies.RESULTS A search was conducted to identify publications related to the use of stem cells for DF treatment.A total of 542 articles published from 2000 to 2023 were identified.The United States had published the most papers on this subject.In this field,Iran’s Shahid Beheshti University Medical Sciences demonstrated the highest productivity.Furthermore,Dr.Bayat from the same university has been an outstanding researcher in this field.Stem Cell Research&Therapy is the journal with the highest number of publications in this field.The main keywords were“diabetic foot ulcers,”“wound healing,”and“angiogenesis.”CONCLUSION This study systematically illustrated the advances in the use of stem cell therapy to treat DF over the past 23 years.Current research findings suggested that the hotspots in this field include stem cell dressings,exosomes,wound healing,and adipose-derived stem cells.Future research should also focus on the clinical translation of stem cell therapies for DF.

Sevoflurane pretreatment inhibits the myocardial apoptosis caused by hypoxia reoxygenation through AMPK pathway:An experimental study

Objective:To study whether sevoflurane pretreatment inhibits the myocardial apoptosis caused by hypoxia reoxygenation through AMPK pathway.Methods:H9c2 myocardial cell lines were cultured and divided into control group(C group),hypoxia reoxygenation group(H/R group),sevoflurane pretreatment+hypoxia reoxygenation group(SP group) and sevoflurane combined with Compound C pretreatment+hypoxia reoxygenation group(ComC group),and the cell proliferation activity and apoptosis rate,myocardial enzyme levels in culture medium as well as the expression of apoptosis genes and p-AMPK in cells were determined.Results:p-AMPK expression in cells of H/R group was significantly lower than that of C group,SP group was significantly higher than that of H/R group;cell proliferation activity value and Bcl-2 expression in cells of H/R group were significantly lower than those of C group,SP group were significantly higher than those of H/R group,Com C group were significantly lower than those of SP group;apoptosis rate,LDH,CK and AST levels as well as the Bax and Caspase-3 expression in cells of H/R group were significantly higher than those of C group,SP group were significantly lower than those of H/R group,ComC group were significantly higher than those of SP group.Conclusions:Sevoflurane pretreatment can activate AMPK signaling pathway to inhibit the myocardial apoptosis caused by hypoxia reoxygenation.

Magnetic brain stimulation using iron oxide nanoparticle-mediated selective treatment of the left prelimbic cortex as a novel strategy to rapidly improve depressive-like symptoms in mice

Magnetic brain stimulation has greatly contributed to the advancement of neuroscience.However,challenges remain in the power of penetration and precision of magnetic stimulation,especially in small animals.Here,a novel combined magnetic stimulation system(c-MSS)was established for brain stimulation in mice.The c-MSS uses a mild magnetic pulse sequence and injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)nanodrugs to elevate local cortical susceptibility.After imaging of the SPIO nanoparticles in the left prelimbic(Pr L)cortex in mice,we determined their safety and physical characteristics.Depressive-like behavior was established in mice using a chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)model.SPIO nanodrugs were then delivered precisely to the left Pr L cortex using in situ injection.A 0.1 T magnetic field(adjustable frequency)was used for magnetic stimulation(5 min/session,two sessions daily).Biomarkers representing therapeutic effects were measured before and after c-MSS intervention.Results showed that c-MSS rapidly improved depressive-like symptoms in CUMS mice after stimulation with a 10 Hz field for 5 d,combined with increased brainderived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and inactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis function,which enhanced neuronal activity due to SPIO nanoparticle-mediated effects.The c-MSS was safe and effective,representing a novel approach in the selective stimulation of arbitrary cortical targets in small animals,playing a bioelectric role in neural circuit regulation,including antidepressant effects in CUMS mice.This expands the potential applications of magnetic stimulation and progresses brain research towards clinical application.

Commissioning the photocathode radio frequency gun:a candidate electron source for Hefei Advanced Light Facility

The Hefei Advanced Light Facility(HALF)proposed by the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory(NSRL)is a diffraction-limited storage ring(DLSR),which plans to use a full energy linac as the injector.To ensure injection efficiency,the injection beam needs to have low emittance.Therefore,a photocathode radio frequency(RF)gun was developed in the HALF R&D project.The gun is designed to deliver high-quality electron bunches with a typically 0.5 nC charge and~4.5 MeV energy with low emittance.The initial system commission with an electron beam was completed at the end of 2020,and a stable 1.2–1.4 mm.mrad emittance with a bunch charge of 500 pC was demonstrated.In this paper,we report the experimental results and experience obtained during the commission,including the RF gun,drive laser system,and beam diagnostics.

Design and offline testing of a resonant stripline beam position monitor for the IRFEL project at NSRL

A 476 MHz resonant stripline beam position monitor(BPM)is planned to be installed in an infrared free electron laser machine at National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory.This type of BPM was developed based on a standard stripline BPM by moving the coupling feedthrough closer to the short end downstream,which introduces a resonance and therefore a capability for higher resolution compared with broadband BPMs.The design and offline measurement results of the prototype are shown in this paper.The design goal is the optimization of the central frequencies and corresponding quality factors of the three intrinsic transverse electromagnetic modes to roughly476 MHz and 30,respectively,the fulfillment of which is demonstrated by a transmission parameter test via a network analyzer.Induced voltage signal modeling and an estimation of the position resolution of the designed BPM are shown in detail.Furthermore,a calibration test of the prototype using the stretched wire method is presented,including a description of the test stand and the evaluation of position sensitivities.

Effective improvement of beam lifetime based on radiofrequency phase modulation at the HLS-II storage ring

A radiofrequency(RF)phase modulation method is applied to the Hefei Light Source II storage ring to deeply investigate its longitudinal beam characteristics and improve the beam lifetime.A theoretical analytical model and corresponding experimental measurements of single bunch length and island phenomena are examined.From a series of online machine experiments,we demonstrate that the suitable phase modulation amplitude is 0.02 rad,corresponding to an optimum modulation frequency ranging from 19.6 to 20.7 kHz of the RF system.Furthermore,the overall beam lifetime can be increased by a factor of 2.38 as a result of the beam dilution effect.

Advance in reversible Zn anodes promoted by 2D materials

With the growing energy demand associated with high safety and low-cost requirement,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have been considered as one of the most promising next-generation batteries.However,some key issues,such as uncontrollable dendrites growth,severe corrosion,hydrogen evolution and side reactions of Zn anodes during charge/discharge process,have hindered its pragmatic applications.Two-dimensional(2D)materials hold advantages of unique physical and chemical properties,large surface areas and abundant active sites,which have been successfully used to overcome the above shortcomings of Zn anodes in recent years.In this review,the issues and challenges of Zn anodes are outlined.Then,the state-of-the-art progress on Zn anodes modification based on 2D materials such as graphene,2D metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes),2D metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),2D covalent organic frameworks(COFs),2D transition metal compounds and other 2D materials is discussed in detail.Finally,the perspectives of employing 2D materials in highly reversible Zn anodes are summarized and discussed.

Recent progress in plant-derived hard carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries:a review

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have been considered as a promising alternative to the commercialized lithium ion batteries(LIBs)in large-scale energy storage field for its rich reserve in the earth.Hard carbon has been expected to the first commercial anode material for SIBs.Among various of hard carbon materials,plant-derived carbon is prominent because of abundant source,low cost and excellent electrochemical performance.This review focuses on the recent progress in the development of plantderived hard carbon anodes for SIBs.We summarized the microstructure and electrochemical performance of hard carbon materials pyrolyzed from different parts of plants at different temperatures.It aims to present a full scope of plant-derived hard carbon anode materials and provide indepth understanding and guideline for the design of highperformance hard carbon for sodium ion anodes.

Bismuth-based materials for rechargeable aqueous batteries and water desalination

Aqueous batteries and seawater desalination have received considerable attention in recent years due to their merits as high safety,environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness.However,the scarcity of highly match electrode materials hinders their development.The exploration of high performance and low cost electrode materials is crucial for their potential applications.Bismuth(Bi),with high energy density and low redox potential,shows perspective in the field of aqueous batteries and seawater desalination,and significant progress has been achieved in the past decades.In this review,the unique properties and synthetic methods of Bi-based electrodes,as well as their applications are comprehensively summarized and discussed.The commonly used preparation methods of Bibased electrodes,including hydrothermal method,electrodeposition method,etc.,are introduced.Then,the applications of the Bi-based composites in aqueous batteries,such as Ni//Bi batteries and water desalination,are summarized.Finally,the challenges and future research direction of Bi-based materials are proposed.

Ethanol Increases Mechanical Pain Sensitivity in Rats via Activation of GABA_A Receptors in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Ethanol is widely known for its ability to cause dramatic changes in emotion, social cognition, and behavior following systemic administration in humans.Human neuroimaging studies suggest that alcohol dependence and chronic pain may share common mechanisms through amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex（m PFC） interactions. However, whether acute administration of ethanol in the m PFC can modulate pain perception is unknown.Here we showed that bilateral microinjections of ethanol into the prelimbic and infralimbic areas of the m PFC lowered the bilateral mechanical pain threshold for 48 h without influencing thermal pain sensitivity in adult rats.However, bilateral microinjections of artificial cerebrospinal fluid into the m PFC or bilateral microinjections of ethanol into the dorsolateral PFC（also termed as motor cortex area 1 in Paxinos and Watson＇s atlas of The Rat Brain. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2005） failed to do so, suggesting regional selectivity of the effects of ethanol. Moreover, bilateral microinjections of ethanol didnot change the expression of either pro-apoptotic（caspase-3 and Bax） or anti-apoptotic（Bcl-2） proteins, suggesting that the dose was safe and validating the method used in the current study. To determine whether c-aminobutyric acid A（GABA_A） receptors are involved in mediating the ethanol effects, muscimol, a selective GABA_Areceptor agonist, or bicuculline, a selective GABA_A receptor antagonist, was administered alone or co-administered with ethanol through the same route into the bilateral m PFC. The results showed that muscimol mimicked the effects of ethanol while bicuculline completely reversed the effects of ethanol and muscimol. In conclusion, ethanol increases mechanical pain sensitivity through activation of GABA_A receptors in the m PFC of rats.

Preparation of Polyaniline-coated Composite Aerogel of MnO2 and Reduced Graphene Oxide for High-performance Zinc-ion Battery

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries,especially Zn-Mn02 battery,have attracted intensive attention owing to their unique features of high capacity,environmental friendliness,and safety.However,the problem of Mn dissolution hinders the development of zinc-ion batteries with long-term usage and high-rate performance.In this work,a novel preparation method for the polyaniline(PANI)-coated composite aerogel of Mn02 and rGO(MnO2/rGO/PANI)electrode is reported.The obtained composite possesses high electrical conductivity,and also effectively suppresses the dissolution of Mn.The fabricated Mn02/rGO/PANI//Zn battery exhibits a high capacity of 241.1 mAh·g^-1 at 0.1 A·g^-1,and an excellent capacity retention of 82.7%after 600 charge/discharge cycles.In addition,the rapid diffusion coefficient of the Mn02/rGO/PANI electrode was further examined by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique.This work provides new insights into the development of high-performance Zn-Mn02 battery with a better understanding of its diffusion kinetics.