Beneficial effects of moderate to vigorous physical activity on cardiovascular disease among Chinese adults

Background In China,lack of evidence remains a significant challenge for the national initiative to promote physical activity(PA).We aimed to quantify the beneficial effects of meeting or maintaining the recommended PA level[150 minutes per week(min/wk)of moderate PA or 75 min/wk of vigorous PA or an equivalent combination]on incident cardiovascular disease(CVD)among Chinese population.Methods We included 100,560 participants without history of CVD from three cohorts in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR)project.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for CVD events and its subtypes,including stroke,coronary heart disease,heart failure,and CVD death.Results During a median follow-up of 7.3 years(range:6–15 years),777,163 person-years and 4693 incident CVD events were observed.Compared with participants who were inactive at baseline,the multivariable adjusted HR(95%CI)of developing CVD was 0.74(0.69–0.79)for those who met recommended moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA)level at baseline.Furthermore,the risk of CVD incidence was reduced with increment of MVPA(Ptrend<0.001),and the HR(95%CI)of highly-active versus inactive category was 0.62(0.56–0.68).Compared with individuals who were inactive both at the baseline and follow-up,those keeping active over the period of follow-up had a substantial lower risk of incident CVD with the HR(95%CI)of 0.57(0.43–0.77).Conclusions The findings demonstrated that meeting and maintaining the recommended MVPA level could reduce the cardiovascular risk.Wider adoption of the PA recommendations would have considerable health impacts to the Chinese population.

Associations of soybean products intake with blood pressure changes and hypertension incidence: the China-PAR project

Background The relationships between dietary intake of soybean products and incident hypertension were still uncertain.This study aimed to illustrate the associations between intake of soybean products with risks of incident hypertension and longitudinal changes of blood pressure in a prospective cohort study.Methods We included 67,499 general Chinese adults from the Project of Prediction for Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR).Information about soybean products consumption was collected by standardized questionnaires,and study participants were categorized into the ideal(≥125 g/day)or non-ideal(<125 g/day)group.Hazard ratios(HRs)and corresponding 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for incident hypertension were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models.Among participants with repeated measures of blood pressure,generalized linear models were used to examine the relationships between soybean products consumption and blood pressure changes.Results During a median follow-up of 7.4 years,compared with participants who consumed<125 g of soybean products per day,multivariable adjusted HR for those in the ideal group was 0.73(0.67-0.80).This inverse association remained robust across most subgroups while significant interactions were tested between soybean products intake and age,sex,urbanization and geographic region(P values for interaction<0.05).The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were 1.05(0.71-1.39)mmHg and 0.44(0.22-0.66)mmHg lower among participants in the ideal group than those in the non-ideal group.Conclusions Our study showed that intake of soybean products might reduce the long-term blood pressure levels and hypertension incidence among Chinese population,which has important public health implications for primary prevention of hypertension.

Effects of the total physical activity and its changes on incidence, progression, and remission of hypertension

OBJECTIVES Moderate to vigorous physical activity is recommended to prevent hypertension according to the current guidelines.However,the degree to which the total physical activity(TPA)and its changes benefit normotensives and hypertensives is uncertain.We aimed to examine the effects of TPA and its changes on the incidence,progression,and remission of hypertension in the large-scale prospective cohorts.METHODS A total of 73,077 participants(55,101 normotensives and 17,976 hypertensives)were eligible for TPA analyses.During a mean follow-up of 7.16 years(394,038 person-years),12,211 hypertension cases were identified.TPA was estimated as metabolic equivalents and categorized into quartiles.Cox proportional hazards regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate associations of TPA and changes in TPA with incident hypertension and progression/remission of hypertension.RESULTS Compared with the lowest quartile of TPA,normotensives at the third and the highest quartile had a decreased risk of incident hypertension,with hazard ratios(HRs)of 0.86[95%confidence interval(CI):0.81−0.91]and 0.81(95%CI:0.77−0.86),respectively.Hypertensives at the highest quartile of TPA demonstrated a decreased risk of progression of hypertension[odds ratio(OR)=0.87,95%CI:0.79−0.95],and an increased probability of hypertension remission(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.05−1.29).Moreover,getting active from a sedentary lifestyle during the follow-up period could reduce 25%(HR=0.75,95%CI:0.58−0.96)risk of incident hypertension,whereas those becoming sedentary did not achieve benefit from initially being active.CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that increasing and maintaining TPA levels could benefit normotensives,whereas higher TPA levels were needed to effectively control progression and improve remission of hypertension.Physical activity played undoubtedly an essential role in both primary and secondary prevention of hypertension.