Activation of adult endogenous neurogenesis by a hyaluronic acid collagen gel containing basic fibroblast growth factor promotes remodeling and functional recovery of the injured cerebral cortex

The presence of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult mammalian brain suggests that the central nervous system can be repaired and regenerated after injury.However,whether it is possible to stimulate neurogenesis and reconstruct cortical layers II to VI in non-neurogenic regions,such as the cortex,remains unknown.In this study,we implanted a hyaluronic acid collagen gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor into the motor cortex immediately following traumatic injury.Our findings reveal that this gel effectively stimulated the proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells,as well as their differentiation into mature and functionally integrated neurons.Importantly,these new neurons reconstructed the architecture of cortical layers II to VI,integrated into the existing neural circuitry,and ultimately led to improved brain function.These findings offer novel insight into potential clinical treatments for traumatic cerebral cortex injuries.

微创小切口下缝线桥术治疗肱骨大结节骨折的效果分析

目的:比较经肩关节前外侧入路缝线桥技术与经三角肌胸大肌间沟入路钢板螺钉固定治疗肱骨大结节骨折的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月—2024年1月诊治的肱骨大结节骨折40例,根据手术入路和内固定方式分为缝线桥组(n=18)和钢板组(n=22),缝线桥组予肩关节前外侧入路缝线桥技术治疗,钢板组予三角肌胸大肌间沟入路钢板螺钉固定治疗。比较两组患者切口长度、出血量、手术时间、住院时间、术后1 d疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS评分)、肩关节功能Neer评分,并记录两组内固定的不良反应情况。结果:与钢板组相比,缝线桥组切口长度短,术中出血量、手术时间和住院时间少,术后1 d疼痛VAS评分低,术后1、3个月和末次随访肩关节功能Neer评分高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组切口均为一期愈合,无神经损伤,术后半年随访X线片均提示骨折愈合良好。钢板组发生头静脉损伤3例,肩峰下撞击并发症4例。结论:运用微创小切口结合缝线桥技术治疗肱骨大结节骨折创伤小,并发症少,术后疼痛缓解和肩关节功能恢复效果佳,是一种微创和有效的治疗方法。

Activation of endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis by basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan gel in an adult rat model of ischemic stroke

Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,and survival,as well as angiogenesis,in the context of brain injury.However,whether bioactive materials can repair the damage caused by ischemic stroke by activating endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis is still unknown.In this study,we applied chitosan gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor to the stroke cavity 7 days after ischemic stroke in rats.The gel slowly released basic fibroblast growth factor,which improved the local microenvironment,activated endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells,and recruited these cells to migrate toward the penumbra and stroke cavity and subsequently differentiate into neurons,while enhancing angiogenesis in the penumbra and stroke cavity and ultimately leading to partial functional recovery.This study revealed the mechanism by which bioactive materials repair ischemic strokes,thus providing a new strategy for the clinical application of bioactive materials in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Visualizing Wallerian degeneration in the corticospinal tract after sensorimotor cortex ischemia in mice

Stroke can cause Wallerian degeneration in regions outside of the brain,particularly in the corticospinal tract.To investigate the fate of major glial cells and axons within affected areas of the corticospinal tract following stroke,we induced photochemical infarction of the sensorimotor cortex leading to Wallerian degeneration along the full extent of the corticospinal tract.We first used a routine,sensitive marker of axonal injury,amyloid precursor protein,to examine Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract.An antibody to amyloid precursor protein mapped exclusively to proximal axonal segments within the ischemic cortex,with no positive signal in distal parts of the corticospinal tract,at all time points.To improve visualization of Wallerian degeneration,we next utilized an orthograde virus that expresses green fluorescent protein to label the corticospinal tract and then quantitatively evaluated green fluorescent protein-expressing axons.Using this approach,we found that axonal degeneration began on day 3 post-stroke and was almost complete by 7 days after stroke.In addition,microglia mobilized and activated early,from day 7 after stroke,but did not maintain a phagocytic state over time.Meanwhile,astrocytes showed relatively delayed mobilization and a moderate response to Wallerian degeneration.Moreover,no anterograde degeneration of spinal anterior horn cells was observed in response to Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract.In conclusion,our data provide evidence for dynamic,pathogenic spatiotemporal changes in major cellular components of the corticospinal tract during Wallerian degeneration.

Synergistic effect of carbon nanotube and encapsulated carbon layer enabling high-performance SnS_2-based anode for lithium storage

Tin disulfide(SnS_(2)),due to large interlayer spacing and high theoretical capacity,is regarded as a prospective anode material for lithium-ion batteries.Nevertheless,the poor electron conductivity of SnS_(2) and huge volumetric change during the lithiation/delithiation process lead to a rapid capacity decay of the battery,hindering its commercialization.To address these issues,herein,SnS_(2) is in-situ grown on the surface of carbon nanotubes(CNT)and then encapsulated with a layer of porous amorphous carbon(CNT/SnS_(2)@C)by simple solvothermal and further carbonization treatment.The synergistic effect of CNT and porous carbon layer not only enhances the electrical co nductivity of SnS_(2) but also limits the huge volumetric change to avoid the pulverization and detachment of SnS_(2).Density functional theo ry calculations show that CNT/SnS_(2)@C has high Li^(+)adsorption and lithium storage capacity achieving high reaction kinetics.Consequently,cells with the CNT/SnS_(2)@C anode exhibit a high lithium storage capacity of 837mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A/g and retaining a capacity of 529.8 mAh/g under 1.0 A/g after 1000 cycles.This study provides a fundamental understanding of the electrochemical processes and beneficial guidance to design high-performance SnS_(2)-based anodes for LIBs.

基于工业互联网平台的核电运行数据服务研究

在核电行业数字化转型的进程中,核电工业互联网平台的建设至关重要。然而,现行统一数据平台存在子系统研发分散、外部接入复杂等问题,影响了开发和维护效率。针对这些问题,提出了一种核电工业互联网平台的实时数据服务管理机制,包括数据服务目录管理、多维标签及查询技术,以及面向核电场景的多源异构数据分发和调度技术。研究结果表明,该平台能够提供统一、可视化、自助式、安全的实时数据服务。平台已成功应用于多个核电厂,支持21类服务和200个以上数据接口,有效满足了数字化应用的数据服务需求。该研究不仅为核电行业提供了实时、安全、高效的数据服务解决方案,也为其他工业领域的实时数据服务提供了参考。

基于携带盐腐蚀介质的再生骨料混凝土性能劣化研究

为量化分析盐腐蚀再生混凝土骨料对再生混凝土性能的影响,进行室内试验,采用浓度为3%、5%和7%的盐溶液持续浸泡再生粗骨料,并采用不同取代率的再生粗骨料分别替代天然骨料拌制再生混凝土,借助抗压强度、劈裂强度试验和抗氯离子渗透试验获取不同再生混凝土的强度和耐久性演变规律。试验结果表明:携带盐腐蚀介质的再生粗骨料用于混凝土中,可影响再生混凝土的力学强度,混凝土的早期强度略微改善,而后期力学强度遭到劣化。

表面渗氧强化对TC4钛合金力学性能的影响

采用氧增强扩散渗氧强化技术对TC4钛合金进行表面强化处理,利用显微硬度计测量渗氧层中的硬度分布,利用光学显微镜(OP)研究渗氧前后材料的微观组织变化,通过单轴拉伸试验研究表面渗氧强化处理对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:经渗氧强化处理后,表面形成约150μm的渗氧强化层,表面硬度较基体提高一倍以上,约为950 HV,但力学性能下降明显,其中屈服强度下降约16%,抗拉强度下降约13%,延伸率下降约35%。材料力学性能降低的原因主要是渗氧强化处理过程中的高温作用,导致基体晶粒长大;表面渗氧强化层在小应变阶段即发生脆性开裂。

以改良方法制作软骨细胞外基质构建高质量组织工程软骨

目的:探讨应用改良方法制作的软骨细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)能否构建高质量组织工程软骨。方法:应用传统匀浆-脱细胞方法制作软骨ECM粉末,在此基础上通过物理研磨颗粒筛选获得细腻的软骨细胞外基质粉末(fine extracellular matrix,FECM)。将两种粉末通过冷冻干燥法制成ECM支架和FECM支架作为对照组和实验组。以软骨组织工程中成熟应用的聚乳酸聚羟基乙酸聚合物[poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA]支架为阳性对照组。取等量大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)种植于ECM支架和FECM支架,同时将BMSCs诱导分化为软骨细胞后种植于PLGA支架,然后将3种细胞-支架复合物移植入裸鼠皮下,28 d后取出样本并进行相关检测。结果:FECM支架孔径均一,结构规整,其构建的组织工程软骨在大小、色泽、糖胺多糖(s GAG)分泌以及胶原沉积等方面均远优于对照组构建的组织工程软骨,与阳性对照组无明显差异。结论:由改良方法制作的FECM支架在无外源性转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)情况下可构建出高质量的组织工程软骨,具有潜在的临床应用价值。

响应气候变化的棉花生长模拟与县域尺度产量评估

为评估气象变化对棉花生长和县域尺度产量的影响,使用校正的CROPGRO-Cotton模型实现棉花生长模拟和响应气候变化的年际籽棉产量评估。2018年和2019年的田间试验数据被用于校正和验证CROPGRO-Cotton模型,结果表明校正的CROPGRO-Cotton模型对物候发育期模拟精度较好,出苗期、开花期、结铃期和吐絮期的模拟误差分别为+1、+3、+1和-2 d。模拟的生长期地上总产量(TAGP)和叶面积指数(LAI)与实测值吻合较好,D值为0.99,模拟的RMSE值分别为718 kg·hm^(-2)和0.29 m^(2)·m^(-2),显示了较高的TAGP模拟精度(10%<NRMSE≤20%)和极高的LAI模拟精度(NRMSE≤10%)。2002―2017年南疆19个县的官方统计产量被用于验证模型的区域模拟性能,结果表明,校正的棉花生长模型具有较高的全局估产性能,D值为0.55,NRMSE值为15.8%。不同年际籽棉产量评估的平均D值和NRMSE值分别为0.48和15.6%,不同区域的籽棉产量评估的平均D值和NRMSE值分别为0.44和16.8%,校正的模型均获得了较高的年际和区域产量评估精度(NRMSE≤20%)。研究结果可为分析气候变化对棉花生长和产量的影响提供一种定量分析方法。

基于动态句法剪枝机制的中文语义角色标注

语义角色标注(Semantic Role Labeling,SRL)旨在识别给定句子中所包含的谓词及对应的语义论元,从而为信息抽取、自动问答和阅读理解等任务的语义理解提供帮助.构建句法特征作为实现语义角色标注任务的关键步骤,在很大程度上影响着任务的性能.针对现有的神经网络模型未能有效构建句法特征,例如现有研究采取离线式的人工定式句法裁剪方案,不可避免地造成关键句法信息丢失或者裁剪效果减弱等问题,本文提出基于动态句法剪枝机制的端到端神经网络模型,并将其用于中文语义角色标注任务.具体地,我们提出两种创新的动态句法剪枝机制:基于递归神经网络模型的动态句法剪枝机制(Recur-DSP)和基于带句法标签的图卷积网络模型的句法剪枝机制(SGCN-DSP).Recur-DSP采用递归神经网络模型进行句法结构编码与融合,并对句法树的每一个连接处通过Gumbel-Softmax函数离散化实现动态句法裁剪.SGCN-DSP采用图卷积神经网络模型为句法依存树的依存弧结构以及对应的标签进行统一建模,并提出对应的动态句法裁剪机制.在基准数据集上的实验结果显示所提方法超过当前的最好模型,获得当前中文语义角色标注的最优性能.通过整合预训练语言模型BERT,基于CoNLL09数据集,提出的模型SGCN-DSP在角色论元识别上获得了90.4%的F1值,在谓词识别上获得90.8%的F1值.

Biomimetic chitosan scaffolds with long-term controlled release of nerve growth factor repairs 20-mm-long sciatic nerve defects in rats

Although autogenous nerve transplantation is the gold standard for treating peripheral nerve defects of considerable length,it still has some shortcomings,such as insufficient donors and secondary injury.Composite chitosan scaffolds loaded with controlled release of nerve growth factor can promote neuronal survival and axonal regeneration after short-segment sciatic nerve defects.However,the effects on extended nerve defects remain poorly understood.In this study,we used chitosan scaffolds loaded with nerve growth factor for 8 weeks to repair long-segment(20 mm)sciatic nerve defects in adult rats.The results showed that treatment markedly promoted the recovery of motor and sensory functions.The regenerated sciatic nerve not only reconnected with neurons but neural circuits with the central nervous system were also reconstructed.In addition,the regenerated sciatic nerve reconnected the motor endplate with the target muscle.Therefore,this novel biomimetic scaffold can promote the regeneration of extended sciatic nerve defects and reconstruct functional circuits.This provides a promising method for the clinical treatment of extended peripheral nerve injury.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Capital Medical University,China(approval No.AEEI-2017-033)on March 21,2017.

Hepatitis C virus may infect extrahepatic tissues in patients with hepatitis C

AIM To explore the status of extrahepatichepatitis C virus(HCV)infection and replicationin hepatitis C patients,and its potentialimplication in HCV infection and pathogenicity.METHODS By reverse-transcriptase poly-merase chain reaction(RT-PCR),in situhybridization(ISH)and immunohistochemistry,HCV RNA,HCV replicative intermediate(minus-strand of HCV RNA),and HCV antigens weredetected in 38 autopsy extrahepatic tissuespecimens(including 9 kidneys,9 hearts,9pancreas,5 intestines,2 adrenal glands,2spleens,1 lymph node,and 1 gallbladder)from 9hepatitis C patients,respectively;and thestatus of HCV replication in extrahepatic tissueswas studied.RESULTS By RT-PCR,all 9 patients werepositive for HCV RNA in kidney,heart,pancreas,and intestine,but only 6(66.7%)patients were positive for HCV replicativeintermediate.HCV RNA and HCV antigens weredetected in kidney,heart,pancreas,intestine,adrenal gland,lymph node,and gallbladder in 5(55.6%)and 6(66.7%)patients by ISH andimmunohistochemistry,respectively.HCV RNA and HCV antigens were not detected in theseextrahepatic organs in 3(33.3%)patients,although their livers were positive for HCV.HCVreplicative intermediate detected by RT-PCR wasconsistent with HCV RNA and HCV antigensdetected by ISH and immunohistochemistry(Kappa=0.42-0.75).HCV RNA and HCVantigens were detected in myocardial cells,epithelial cells of intestinal gladular,interstitialcells of kidney,epithelial cells of tubules andglomerulus,pancreas acinar cells and epithelialcells of pancreatic duct,epithelial cells ofmucous membrane sinus of gallbladder,cortexand medulla cells in adrenal gland,andmononuclear cells in lymph node.HCV RNA wasalso detected in bile duct epithelial cells,sinusoidal cells,and mononuclear cells in livertissues by ISH.CONCLUSION HCV can infect extrahepatictissues,and many various tissue cells maysupport HCV replication;extrahepatic HCVinfection and replication may be of'concomitantstate'in most of patients with hepatitis C.Theinfected extrahepatic tissues might act as areservoir for HCV,and play a role in both HCVpersistence and reactivation of infection.HCVas an etiologic agent replicating and expressingviral proteins in extrahepatic tissues itselfcontributes to extrahepatic syndromeassociated.HCV infection in a few patients withchronic HCV infection.

纯植物中药制剂牙泰口腔抑菌剂治疗儿童疱疹性咽峡炎的临床效果

目的观察纯植物中药制剂牙泰口腔抑菌剂治疗儿童疱疹性咽峡炎的临床效果。方法选取2018年1—10月广东省深圳恒生医院儿科住院的疱疹性咽峡炎患儿200例作为研究对象。完全随机分为对照组和观察组,各100例。对照组患儿采取利巴韦林喷雾剂进行治疗,观察组患儿采用纯植物中药制剂牙泰口腔抑菌剂进行治疗。比较2组患儿的临床治疗效果和临床症状缓解时间。结果观察组患儿治疗总有效率高于对照组[98.0%(98/100)比82.0%(82/100)],差异有统计学意义(χ^2=38.849,P=0.001)。治疗后观察组临床症状缓解时间短于对照组[(4.8±1.3)d比(5.4±1.5)d],差异有统计学意义(t=-3.639,P<0.001)。结论纯植物中药制剂牙泰口腔抑菌剂治疗疱疹性咽峡炎患儿可明显改善患儿临床症状,促进患儿体温恢复,缩减患儿口腔疱疹、溃疡消退时间,具有一定价值。

小剂量多巴胺联合多巴酚丁胺辅助治疗小儿重症肺炎的临床效果分析

目的:分析研究在小儿重症肺炎治疗过程中采取小剂量多巴胺联合多巴酚丁胺辅助治疗的疗效。方法:选择从2016年1月~2018年1月在某院治疗的50例小儿重症肺炎患者作为本次研究对象,随机分为对照组与观察组,各25例。对照组采取常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采取小剂量多巴胺联合多巴酚丁胺辅助治疗,观察这两组患者的临床效果。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的心率、呼吸、发热、肺啰音消失、住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在治疗小儿重症肺炎方面,小剂量多巴胺联合多巴酚丁胺效果更好,值得临床推广使用。

Adult Mammalian Neurogenesis:Hopes and Challenges in the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury

Adult endogenous neurogenesis was first defined as the generation of neurons and glia cells in the central nervous system(CNS);it was subsequently referred to as the activation of endogenous neural stem cells,and ultimately limited to the generation of new neurons[1].The research team led by Xiaoguang Li enriched this concept in 2015:Endogenous neural stem cells in the adult CNS can be activated,recruited,and migrated to the injured area,where these stem cells further differentiate into mature neurons.

伐昔洛韦片不合理用药致急性肾损伤1例

1例慢性病患者在院治疗期间出现了可疑药源性肾损伤,临床药师查阅相关文献评估分析,考虑与伐昔洛韦不合理用药相关。根据临床药师建议,按患者实时肌酐清除率调整伐昔洛韦剂量,并给予补液、利尿等治疗措施后,患者肾功能指标下降,出院6周后门诊随访,肾功能指标稳定。该病例提醒医务人员,伐昔洛韦应用于合并慢性肾脏病患者时,需密切注意肾功能变化,及时调整用药剂量,用药期间补充适当的液体,确保足够的尿量,以避免药物结晶沉积肾小管引起的急性肾损伤。

Function Observer Based Event-triggered Control for Linear Systems with Guaranteed L_∞-Gain

This paper is devoted to event-triggered control design for linear systems based on function observer. More specifically, the main purpose is to design event-triggered mechanisms that trigger transmissions when the difference between the current value of the system and its previously transmitted value which includes the plant output or the function observer output exceeds an additional threshold. For such an eventtriggered mechanism, we derive conditions in terms of matrix inequality to guarantee the stability as well as longer inter-event time. We propose two approaches to investigate the closed-loop model, namely, reformulating the event-triggered control system as a hybrid system and interpreting the event-induced error as exogenous disturbance. Furthermore, the minimum inter-event time is guaranteed to be strictly positive. An example is presented to illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the theoretic results. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Multi-Task Visual Semantic Embedding Network for Image-Text Retrieval

Image-text retrieval aims to capture the semantic correspondence between images and texts,which serves as a foundation and crucial component in multi-modal recommendations,search systems,and online shopping.Existing mainstream methods primarily focus on modeling the association of image-text pairs while neglecting the advantageous impact of multi-task learning on image-text retrieval.To this end,a multi-task visual semantic embedding network(MVSEN)is proposed for image-text retrieval.Specifically,we design two auxiliary tasks,including text-text matching and multi-label classification,for semantic constraints to improve the generalization and robustness of visual semantic embedding from a training perspective.Besides,we present an intra-and inter-modality interaction scheme to learn discriminative visual and textual feature representations by facilitating information flow within and between modalities.Subsequently,we utilize multi-layer graph convolutional networks in a cascading manner to infer the correlation of image-text pairs.Experimental results show that MVSEN outperforms state-of-the-art methods on two publicly available datasets,Flickr30K and MSCOCO,with rSum improvements of 8.2%and 3.0%,respectively.

A double-blind,randomized,placebo-and positive-controlled phase III trial of 1% benvitimod cream in mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis

Background:Benvitimod cream,a novel synthetic small molecule,was effective in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.We conducted a phase III clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of benvitimod cream in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.Methods:We randomly assigned 686 patients(2:1:1)to receive 1%benvitimod cream,0.005%calcipotriol ointment or placebo twice a day for 12 weeks.The primary efficacy end points were the percentage of patients with a 75%or greater reduction from baseline in the psoriasis area and severity index(PASI 75)score and with a score of 0 or 1 in static physician’s global assessment(sPGA)at week 12.Results:The results showed that 50.4%of patients in the benvitimod group achieved PASI 75,which was significantly higher than that in the calcipotriol(38.5%,P<0.05)and placebo(13.9%,P<0.05)groups.The proportion of patients achieving an sPGA score 0 or 1 was 66.3%in the benvitimod group and 63.9%in the calcipotriol group,which were both significantly higher than that in the placebo group(34%,P<0.05).In the long-term follow-up study,50.8%of patients experienced recurrence.After retreatment with 1%benvitimod,73.3%of patients achieved an sPGA score of 0 or 1 again at week 52.Adverse events included application site irritation,follicular papules,and contact dermatitis.No systemic adverse reactions were reported.Conclusion:During this 12-week study,benvitimod cream was demonstrated with high effectiveness and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.