Hydro-mechanical-electrical simulations of synthetic faults in two orthogonal directions with shear-induced anisotropy

Fluid flow in fractures controls subsurface heat and mass transport,which is essential for developing enhanced geothermal systems and radioactive waste disposal.Fracture permeability is controlled by fracture microstructure(e.g.aperture,roughness,and tortuosity),but in situ values and their anisotropy have not yet been estimated.Recent advances in geophysical techniques allow the detection of changes in electrical conductivity due to changes in crustal stress and these techniques can be used to predict subsurface fluid flow.However,the paucity of data on fractured rocks hinders the quantitative interpretation of geophysical monitoring data in the field.Therefore,considering different shear displacements and chemical erosions,an investigation was conducted into the hydraulic-electric relationship as an elevated stress change in fractures.The simulation of fracture flows was achieved using the lattice Boltzmann method,while the electrical properties were calculated through the finite element method,based on synthetic faults incorporating elastic-plastic deformation.Numerical results show that the hydraulic and electrical properties depend on the rock's geometric properties(i.e.fracture length,roughness,and shear displacement).The permeability anisotropy in the direction parallel or perpendicular to the shear displacement is also notable in high stress conditions.Conversely,the permeability econductivity(i.e.,formation factor)relationship is unique under all conditions and follows a linear trend in logarithmic coordinates.However,both matrix porosity and fracture spacing alter this relationship.Both increase the slope of the linear trend,thereby changing the sensitivity of electrical observations to permeability changes.

Preparation and Properties of pH-Responsive Intelligent Medical Dressing Based on Bacterial Cellulose/Polyacrylic Acid

Bacterial cellulose/polyacrylic acid (BC/PAA) pH-responsive hydrogels were prepared by free-radical polymerization (in situ) using BC as the raw material and AA as the monomer. The hydrogels were loaded with curcumin (Cur) to prepare pH-responsive intelligent medical dressings. The preparation process of the hydrogels was optimized by a single factor and response surface experiment using their swelling degree as an index. The structures of BC/PAA pH-responsive hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile tester, and the swelling properties, mechanical properties, bacteriostatic properties, and drug release behavior were investigated. The results showed that the BC/PAA pH-responsive hydrogel has a three-dimensional network structure with the swelling rate up to 1600 g/g, compressive strength of up to 8 KPa, and good mechanical properties, and the drug release behavior was in line with the logistic dynamics model, and it has good inhibitory effects on common pathogens of wound infection: E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa.

中国对外传播的三次浪潮(1978—2019)

改革开放40年,中国对外传播事业经历了一个渐入佳境的发展过程。本文以1978年至2019年中国对外传播事业40年的传播史为研究对象,全面梳理中国对外传播主体、传播平台、传播政策变迁的特征和全貌,并在此基础上就中国对外传播的历史进行阶段分期及相关传播理念勾勒概括,尝试为下一步中国对外传播理论与实践的发展提供思路和借鉴。

Study of Sr–Ca–Si-based scaffolds for bone regeneration in osteoporotic models

Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative therapy for patients who suffer bone fractures or defects caused by trauma,congenital diseases or tumours.However,the reconstruction of bone defects combined with osteoporosis remains a great challenge for clinicians and researchers.Based on our previous study,Ca–Si-based bioceramics(MSCs)showed enhanced bone formation capabilities under normal conditions,and strontium was demonstrated to be therapeutic in promoting bone quality in osteoporosis patients.Therefore,in the present study,we attempted to enlarge the application range of MSCs with Sr incorporation in an osteoporotic bone regeneration model to evaluate whether Sr could assist in regeneration outcomes.In vitro readout suggested that Sr-incorporated MSC scaffolds could enhance the expression level of osteogenic and angiogenic markers of osteoporotic bone mesenchymal stem cells(OVX BMSCs).Animal experiments showed a larger new bone area;in particular,there was a tendency for blood vessel formation to be enhanced in the Sr-MSC scaffold group,showing its positive osteogenic capacity in bone regeneration.This study systematically illustrated the effective delivery of a low-cost therapeutic Sr agent in an osteoporotic model and provided new insight into the treatment of bone defects in osteoporosis patients.

国际传播与跨文化传播2021年研究综述

随着新冠肺炎疫情的常态化蔓延,世界经济整体性衰退,政治保护主义地区性抬头,信息通信技术推动全球价值链变迁与产业结构调整,全球资本与信息流动呈现出“逆全球化”、“反全球化”与“再全球化”的多维联动性生态景观,与此联动,全球传播格局出现从“西强我弱”向“东升西降”过渡的“百年未有之大变局”。整体而言,2021年中国国际/跨文化传播研究以“百年未有之大变局”之“局”为总体语境,探索了新技术与新使命的冲击下全球传播生态的总体性变迁态势,呈现出“考古与重建”的思想气质、“全球与地方”的方法论特征,以及“媒体与平台”融合的研究趋势,同时围绕“传播能力”“话语体系”等热点议题进行了进一步的探讨。整体来看,本年度国际/跨文化传播研究的一个重要特征就是“回归中国”“扎根中国”“自觉中国”,将中国作为方法,成为国际/跨文化传播研究平衡全球与地方的基本方法论。

Compression analysis of the gray and white matter of the spinal cord

The spinal cord is composed of gray matter and white matter.It is well known that the properties of these two tissues differ considerably.Spinal diseases often present with symptoms that are caused by spinal cord compression.Understanding the mechanical properties of gray and white matter would allow us to gain a deep understanding of the injuries caused to the spinal cord and provide information on the pathological changes to these distinct tissues in several disorders.Previous studies have reported on the physical properties of gray and white matter,however,these were focused on longitudinal tension tests.Little is known about the differences between gray and white matter in terms of their response to compression.We therefore performed mechanical compression test of the gray and white matter of spinal cords harvested from cows and analyzed the differences between them in response to compression.We conducted compression testing of gray matter and white matter to detect possible differences in the collapse rate.We found that increased compression(especially more than 50%compression)resulted in more severe injuries to both the gray and white matter.The present results on the mechanical differences between gray and white matter in response to compression will be useful when interpreting findings from medical imaging in patients with spinal conditions.

Tensile mechanical analysis of anisotropy and velocity dependence of the spinal cord white matter:a biomechanical study

In spinal cord injuries,external forces from various directions occur at various velocities.Therefore,it is important to physically evaluate whether the spinal cord is susceptible to damage and an increase in internal stress for external forces.We hypothesized that the spinal cord has mechanical features that vary under stress depending on the direction and velocity of injury.However,it is difficult to perform experiment because the spinal cord is very soft.There are no reports on the effects of multiple external forces.In this study,we used bovine spinal cord white matter to test and analyze the anisotropy and velocity dependence of the spinal cord.Tensile-vertical,tensile-parallel,shear-vertical,and shear-parallel tests were performed on the white matter in the fibrous direction(cranial to caudal).Strain rate in the experiment was 0.1,1,10,and 100/s.We calculated the Young’s modulus of the spinal cord.Results of the tensile and shear tests revealed that stress tended to increase when external forces were applied parallel to the direction of axon fibers,such as in tensile-vertical and shear-vertical tests.However,external forces those tear against the fibrous direction and vertically,such as in tensile-parallel and shear-parallel tests,were less likely to increase stress even with increased velocity.We found that the spinal cord was prone to external forces,especially in the direction of the fibers,and to be under increased stress levels when the velocity of external forces increased.From these results,we confirmed that the spinal cord has velocity dependence and anisotropy.The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Yamaguchi University waived the requirement for ethical approval.

Validation of serum tumor biomarkers in predicting advanced cystic mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas

BACKGROUND Early detection of advanced cystic mucinous neoplasms[(A-cMNs),defined as high-grade dysplasia or malignancy]of the pancreas is of great significance.As a simple and feasible detection method,serum tumor markers(STMs)may be used to predict advanced intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs)and mucinous cystic neoplasms(MCNs).However,there are few studies on the usefulness of STMs other than carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9 for early detection of A-cMNs.AIM To study the ability of five STMs-CA19-9,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),CA125,CA724,and CA242 to predict A-cMNs and distinguish IPMNs and MCNs.METHODS We mainly measured the levels of each STM in patients pathologically diagnosed with cMNs.The mean levels of STMs and the number of A-cMN subjects with a higher STM level than the cutoff were compared respectively to identify the ability of STMs to predict A-cMNs and distinguish MCNs from IPMNs.A receiver operating characteristic curve with the area under curve(AUC)was also created to identify the performance of the five STMs.RESULTS A total of 187 patients with cMNs were identified and 72 of them showed AcMNs.We found that CA19-9 exhibited the highest sensitivity(SE)(54.2%)and accuracy(76.5%)and a moderate ability(AUC=0.766)to predict A-cMNs.In predicting high-grade dysplasia IPMNs,the SE of CA19-9 decreased to 38.5%.The ability of CEA,CA125,and CA724 to predict A-cMNs was low(AUC=0.651,0.583,and 0.618,respectively).The predictive ability of CA242 was not identified.The combination of STMs improved the SE to 62.5%.CA125 may be specific to the diagnosis of advanced MCNs.CONCLUSION CA19-9 has a moderate ability,and CEA,CA125,and CA724 have a low ability to predict A-cMNs.The combination of STM testing could improve SE in predicting A-cMNs.

Application of Deep Learning to Production Forecasting in Intelligent Agricultural Product Supply Chain

Production prediction is an important factor influencing the realization of an intelligent agricultural supply chain.In an Internet of Things(IoT)environment,accurate yield prediction is one of the prerequisites for achieving an efficient response in an intelligent agricultural supply chain.As an example,this study applied a conventional prediction method and deep learning prediction model to predict the yield of a characteristic regional fruit(the Shatian pomelo)in a comparative study.The root means square error(RMSE)values of regression analysis,exponential smoothing,grey prediction,grey neural network,support vector regression(SVR),and long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network methods were 53.715,6.707,18.440,1.580,and 1.436,respectively.Among these,the mean square error(MSE)values of the grey neural network,SVR,and LSTM neural network methods were 2.4979,31.652,and 2.0618,respectively;and theirRvalues were 0.99905,0.94,and 0.94501,respectively.The results demonstrated that the RMSE of the deep learning model is generally lower than that of a traditional prediction model,and the prediction results are more accurate.The prediction performance of the grey neural network was shown to be superior to that of SVR,and LSTM neural network,based on the comparison of parameters.

Establish a “China model” of Pension Security Inquiry Analysis

From a global perspective, local awareness and People Standard in three ways, conditions to establish and improve a social security system covering urban and rural areas has matured its localization requirements have become more evident. Therefore, to explore the social security system with Chinese characteristics model, not only is the key to solve China＇s current social conflicts, as well as building a socialist harmonious society and a necessary step in the inevitable choice. Globalization and global governance movement accelerated economic globalization, social security, face the opportunities and challenges, China should establish a “China model” of pension security.

Lipoid Pneumonia Caused by Diesel Aspiration: A Case Report and Literature Review

Diesel poisoning is a rare clinical condition.On September 27,2021,a 55-year-old male who mistakenly inhaled 20 mL of diesel through a siphon was admitted to our hospital.The main symptoms were cough and asthma.Chest computed tomography(CT)showed both lungs scattered with patchy consolidation,ground-glass shadow,exudation,and pleural effusion.After 61 days of lung rehabilitation training and other supportive treatment,including oxygen therapy,postural drainage,ventilator support,bronchoalveolar lavage,hemoperfusion,continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT),hormones,and antibiotics,the patient’s condition improved,and the patient was discharged.Through literature review,we found that lung consolidation,ground-glass shadow,nodular lesions,and pleural effusion can be observed on chest images of patients with lipoid pneumonia,with severe cases showing diffuse lesions involving both lungs,possibly secondary to respiratory failure.Children with acute critical illness deteriorates rapidly and have poor prognosis,whereas adults or patients with chronic poisoning have better prognosis after active treatment.

中国碳收支估算的不确定性

为实现中国的“双碳”目标,我们亟待厘清中国碳收支的历史变化和现状,以确定高效的减排增汇路径.通过全面收集和整理中国碳排放的多种数据集以及利用两个生态系统模型计算中国陆地碳汇,Xia等人[1]较为系统地总结和分析了1980~2021年中国和各省份的碳收支状况,为实现“双碳”目标提供了重要的基础数据.在省份(省、自治区和直辖市)尺度上,综合分析碳收支状况有助于明晰中国碳平衡的现状及其不确定性.

The significance of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are a group of chronic relapsing gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases with significant global incidence.Although the pathomechanism of IBD has been extensively investigated,several aspects of its pathogenesis remain unclear.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are transcripts with more than 200 nucleotides in length that have potential protein-coding functions.LncRNAs play important roles in biological processes such as epigenetic modification,transcriptional regulation and posttranscriptional regulation.In this review,we summarize recent advances in research on IBD-related lncRNAs from the perspective of the overall intestinal microenvironment,as well as their potential roles as immune regulators,diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets or agents for IBD.

Large-scale land-sea interactions extend ozone pollution duration in coastal cities along northern China

Land-sea atmosphere interaction(LSAI)is one of the important processes affecting ozone(O_(3))pollution in coastal areas.The effects of small-scale LSAIs like sea-land breezes have been widely studied.However,it is not fully clear how and to what extent the large-scale LSAIs affect O_(3) pollution.Here we explored an O_(3) episode to illuminate the role of large-scale LSAIs in O_(3) pollution over the BohaieYellow Seas and adjacent areas through observations and model simulations.The results show that the northern Bohai Sea's coastal region,influenced by the Mongolian High,initially experienced a typical unimodal diurnal O_(3) variation for three days,when O_(3) precursors from BeijingeTianjineHebei,Shandong,and Northeast China were transported to the BohaieYellow Seas.Photochemical reactions generated O_(3) within marine air masses,causing higher O_(3) levels over the seas than coastal regions.As the Mongolian High shifted eastward and expanded,southerly winds on its western edge transported O_(3)-rich marine air masses toward the coast,prolonging pollution for an additional three days and weakening diurnal variations.Subsequently,emissions from the Korean Peninsula and marine shipping significantly affected O_(3) levels in the northern Bohai Sea(10.7%and 13.7%,respectively).Notably,Shandong's emissions played a substantial role in both phases(27.5%and 26.1%,respectively).These findings underscore the substantial impact of large-scale LSAIs driven by the Mongolian High on O_(3) formation and pollution duration in coastal cities.This insight helps understand and manage O_(3) pollution in northern Bohai Sea cities and broadly applies to temperate coastal cities worldwide.

我国继续教育质量保证研究的发展脉络——基于CNKI文献的可视化分析

多年来我国继续教育事业取得了巨大的进步,但质量和社会声誉问题一直饱受社会诟病,继续教育质量保证始终是研究者和实践者关注的重点。本文从研究者的视角出发,探索我国继续教育质量保证研究的发展脉络。研究采用科学知识图谱的方法,以中国知网全文数据库CNKI收录的1981—2020年继续教育质量保证研究的相关文献作为数据来源,运用CiteSpace文献可视化软件进行关键词共现、突现、聚类等分析,发现我国继续教育质量保证研究可分为四个阶段,各阶段研究热点有所不同,其中质量保证体系、质量评价要素、质量标准、质量观、国内外比较等是研究者关注的重点,研究者的视角逐渐从微观走向宏观,从关注某一办学形式的质量扩展到整个继续教育质量体系建设,相关研究内容从单一的关注教学质量本身到质量管理再到质量保证体系的建构和实施。本文在此基础上结合我国继续教育的实践情况提出了未来研究的建议,即重视质量标准研究、质量保证运行机制研究以及基于大数据和学习分析技术的教育质量监测研究。

Artificial intelligence in healthcare:past,present and future

Artificial intelligence(AI)aims to mimic human cognitive functions.It is bringing a paradigm shift to healthcare,powered by increasing availability of healthcare data and rapid progress of analytics techniques.We survey the current status of AI applications in healthcare and discuss its future.AI can be applied to various types of healthcare data(structured and unstructured).Popular AI techniques include machine learning methods for structured data,such as the classical support vector machine and neural network,and the modern deep learning,as well as natural language processing for unstructured data.Major disease areas that use AI tools include cancer,neurology and cardiology.We then review in more details the AI applications in stroke,in the three major areas of early detection and diagnosis,treatment,as well as outcome prediction and prognosis evaluation.We conclude with discussion about pioneer AI systems,such as IBM Watson,and hurdles for real-life deployment of AI.

Marginal sealing around integral bilayer scaffolds for repairing osteochondral defects based on photocurable silk hydrogels

Osteochondral repair remains a major challenge in current clinical practice despite significant advances in tissue engineering.In particular,the lateral integration of neocartilage into surrounding native cartilage is a difficult and inadequately addressed problem that determines the success of tissue repair.Here,a novel design of an integral bilayer scaffold combined with a photocurable silk sealant for osteochondral repair is reported.First,we fabricated a bilayer silk scaffold with a cartilage layer resembling native cartilage in surface morphology and mechanical strength and a BMP-2-loaded porous subchondral bone layer that facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.Second,a TGF-β3-loaded methacrylated silk fibroin sealant(Sil-MA)exhibiting biocompatibility and good adhesive properties was developed and confirmed to promote chondrocyte migration and differentiation.Importantly,this TGF-β3-loaded Sil-MA hydrogel provided a bridge between the cartilage layer of the scaffold and the surrounding cartilage and then guided new cartilage to grow towards and replace the degraded cartilage layer from the surrounding native cartilage in the early stage of knee repair.Thus,osteochondral regeneration and superior lateral integration were achieved in vivo by using this composite.These results demonstrate that the new approach of marginal sealing around the cartilage layer of bilayer scaffolds with Sil-MA hydrogel has tremendous potential for clinical use in osteochondral regeneration.

Multi-objective Dynamic Optimal Power Flow of Wind Integrated Power Systems Considering Demand Response

This paper studies the economic environmental energy-saving day-ahead scheduling problem of power systems considering wind generation(WG)and demand response(DR)by means of multi-objective dynamic optimal power flow(MDOPF).Within the model,fuel cost,carbon emission and active power losses are taken as objectives,and an integrated dispatch modeof conventional coal-fired generation,WG and DRis utilized.The corresponding solution process to the MDOPF is based on ahybrid of a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II)and fuwzy satisfaction-maximizing method,where NSGA-II obtains the Pareto frontier and the fuzzy satisfaction-maximizing method is the chosen strategy.Illustrative cases of different scenarios are performed based on an IEEE 6-units\,30-nodes system,to verify the proposed model and the solution process,as well as the benefits obtained by the DR into power system.

2022年夏季长江流域破纪录的高温干旱事件导致了植被光合作用显著下降

2022年夏季,一场破纪录的高温干旱席卷了长江流域,造成了自2000年以来7~9月最严重的高温、水汽压差增强和土壤湿度减少,但此次事件对陆地生态系统及其碳通量的影响尚不清楚.利用最新的多源数据,本研究及时评估了其对植被绿度和光合作用的影响.结果表明,这一复合极端事件导致长江流域植被绿度和光合作用普遍减少,特别是重庆和湖南的植被NDVI、总初级生产力(GPP)和近红外反射率(NIRv)分别下降了5%~8%、12%和11%.整个长江流域平均NDVI下降了0.04(5.16%),总GPP下降了84.50 Tg C(7.46%)和NIRv下降了0.01(7.43%),是自2000年以来夏季最大的降幅.将长江流域区分为森林、灌木和农田3种主要植被类型,平均NDVI在农田地区下降最强,而光合作用在森林地区降幅最大.另外,研究发现除了农田NDVI的减少主要是高温胁迫引起,其他植被类型NDVI的减少和所有植被类型光合能力的下降主要是由增加的VPD导致.而随着全球变暖复合极端气候事件的强度和频率增加,其将潜在增加长江流域生态系统的脆弱性,并严重威胁其固碳能力.

Characteristics of surface and subsurface of formed thread parts by axial-infeed thread rolling process

The thread rolling process has been widely applied to manufacture high-performance thread parts.In this process,the evolutions of surface and subsurface are frequently introduced,which affect the working performance of manufactured parts.In this study,an axial-infeed thread rolling process(ATRP)is employed,and the macro-meso surface characteristics under different lubrications and operating conditions are investigated.Moreover,the distributions of microstructure and hardness on the subsurface of formed tooth are analyzed in detail,along with the study of stress state and yield strength change.It is found that the MoS_(2)grease is more effective in reducing the surface roughness and defects than the lubrication oil and water-base graphite during the ATRP process.Increasing rolling speed improves the quality of surface morphology and can reduce the surface roughness.On the subsurface of bottom and flank,intensive shear stress occurs in a narrow region,resulting in the elongation and refinement of the grains and increasing the low angle grain boundary fraction.Based on the grain size and plastic strain,the yield strength is predicted.The maximum yield strength and hardness on the bottom of formed tooth are improved by 41.2% and 39.4%,respectively.