Tuning desolvation kinetics of in-situ weakly solvating polyacetal electrolytes for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries

The host structure of polymers significantly influences ion transport and interfacial stability of electrolytes,dictating battery cycle life and safety for solid-state lithium metal batteries.Despite promising properties of ethylene oxide-based electrolytes,their typical clamp-like coordination geometry leads to crowd solvation sheath and overly strong interactions between Li^(+)and electrolytes,rendering difficult dissociation of Li+and unfavorable solid electrolyte interface(SEI).Herein,we explore weakly solvating characteristics of polyacetal electrolytes owing to their alternately changing intervals between–O–coordinating sites in the main chain.Such structural asymmetry leads to unique distorted helical solvation sheath,and can effectively reduce Li^(+)-electrolyte binding and tune Li^(+)desolvation kinetics in the insitu formed polymer electrolytes,yielding anion-derived SEI and dendrite-free Li electrodeposition.Combining with photoinitiated cationic ring-opening polymerization,polyacetal electrolytes can be instantly formed within 5 min at the surface of electrode,with high segmental chain motion and well adapted interfaces.Such in-situ polyacetal electrolytes enabled more than 1300-h of stable lithium electrodeposition and prolonged cyclability over 200 cycles in solid-state batteries at ambient temperatures,demonstrating the vital role of molecular structure in changing solvating behavior and Li deposition stability for high-performance electrolytes.

Overlapping Grid Technique for Numerical Simulation of a Fast-Cruising Catamaran Fitted with Active T-Foils

In marine engineering,appendages such as fin stabilizers and/or T-foils are made to rotate and to reduce the motion of ships.Research on the hydrodynamics of ships fitted with active appendages has significantly improved the design and control of such ships.However,most studies focus on fixed rather than rotating appendages,thereby ignoring the hydrodynamic unsteadiness of active appendages.To enhance the reliability and precision of the numerical simulations,we propose the use of overlapping grids for simulating advanced catamarans fitted with a pair of rotating T-foils under each bow.The fundamental purpose of the overlapping grid technique is to realize information exchange via regional overlap sharing in each subdomain of the computing domain,instead of using the method of boundary sharing,thus greatly alleviating the difficulty of generating the subdomain grid;moreover,the technique guarantees the quality of the subdomain grid.Within the main computational domain,a subdomain was allocated to accommodate the T-foil.Overlapping meshes near the interface between the two domains enable information flow during the simulation;the overlapping grids are updated at every iteration step because the subdomain rotates.The instantaneous trim and sinkage responses of the catamaran to the T-foil rotation were reproduced.From the moment the active T-foil stopped moving,there was no change in the ship’s sailing attitude,indicating that the response was in real time.By comparing with EFD data,the numerical results showed reasonable agreement,indicating the feasibility and effectiveness of the technique in simulating the hydrodynamics of ships fitted with active appendages.

Development and evaluation of a predictive nomogram for survival in heat stroke patients: a retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to establish an eff ective nomogram to predict the survival of heat stroke(HS)based on risk factors.METHODS:This was a retrospective,observational multicenter cohort study.We analyzed patients diagnosed with HS,who were treated between May 1 and September 30,2018 at 15 tertiary hospitals from 11 cities in Northern China.RESULTS:Among the 175 patients,32 patients(18.29%)died before hospital discharge.After the univariate analysis,mechanical ventilation,initial mean arterial pressure<70 mmHg,maximum heart rate,lab results on day 1(white blood cell count,alanine aminotransferase,creatinine),and Glasgow admission prediction score were included in multivariate analysis.Multivariate Cox regression showed that invasive ventilation,initial mean arterial pressure<70 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),and Glasgow admission prediction score were independent risk factors for HS.The nomogram was established for predicting 7-d and 14-d survival in the training cohort.The nomogram exhibited a concordance index(C-index)of 0.880(95%confidence interval[95%CI]0.831-0.930)by bootstrapping validation(B=1,000).Furthermore,the nomogram performed better when predicting 14-d survival,compared to 7-d survival.The prognostic index cut-off value was set at 2.085,according to the operating characteristic curve for overall survival prediction.The model showed good calibration ability in the internal and external validation datasets.CONCLUSION:A novel nomogram,integrated with prognostic factors,was proposed;it was highly predictive of the survival in HS patients.

Experimental Research on Spontaneous Combustion Tendency of High Volatile Blended Coals

Experiment of oxidation characteristics with slow velocity of high volatile blended coals was investigated in the surroundings of low oxygen conditions, which gives three kinetic factors in the step of low temperature through the methods of thermo gravimetric analysis, the Coats-Redfern integration and Achar-Brindley-Sharp-Wendworth. The results of calculation show that activation energy and pre-exponential factor increase with the reaction process, and tendency of spontaneous combustion of the blended coal have changed. The experimental results show that the type of absorbing oxygen is mainly physical adsorption and calorific value is very small during increasing weight. Volatile of blended coal releases before single coal and combustion temperature of blended coal is between one and other single coals. If the oxygen content is below 16% in the milling system, explosion-proof effect on high volatile blended coal can be obtained.

Numerical Simulation of the Spreading Dynamic Responses of the Multibody System with a Floating Base

To simulate the dynamic responses of the multibody system with a floating base when the upper parts spread with a certain sequence and relative speed, the homogeneous matrix method is employed to model and simulate a four-body system with a floating base and the motions are analyzed when the upper parts are spread sequentially or synchronously. The rolling, swaying and heaving temporal variations are obtained when the multibody system is under the conditions of the static water along with the wave loads and the mean wind loads or the single pulse wind loads, respectively. The moment variations of each joint under the single pulse wind load are also gained. The numerical results showed that the swaying of the floating base is almost not influenced by the spreading time or form when the upper parts spread sequentially or synchronously, while the rolling and the heaving mainly depend on the spreading time and forms. The swaying and heaving motions are influenced significantly by the mean wind loads. The single pulse wind load also has influences on the dynamic responses. The torque of joint 3 and joint 4 in the single pulse wind environment may be twice that in the windless environment when the system spreads with 60 s duration.

Consensus statement on layout and delivery of automatic external defibrillator in China

1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symptoms that are atypical and not easily detected[1].According to a recent study,nearly 544000 patients suffer from SCD every year in China[2].

Microstructure Evolution of W-Cu Alloy Wire

Microstructure of W-Cu alloy wire before and after hot-swaging was studied in this paper. Results show that a homogeneous microstructure of the W-Cu alloy wire was formed after hot-swaging treatment, and the tungsten particles were embedded in copper phases to form a networking structure;the W-Cu alloy wire has a microstructure of body-centered-cubic tungsten particles and face-centered-cubic copper phase, and did not change after hot-swaging. The intermediate phases have not been found during the process, but the size of the tungsten particles in the copper matrix becomes smaller. After hot-swaging, the treated W-Cu alloy wire has a relative density of 105.1%, and a conductivity of 47.2% IACS, the tensile and bending strength can be as large as 644 and 1600 MPa, respectively.

Spatial-temporal shifting patterns and in situ conservation of spotted seal(Phoca largha)populations in the Yellow Sea ecoregion

Understanding the habitat shifting pattern is a prerequisite for implementing in situ conservation of migratory species.Spotted seals(Phoca largha)inhabiting the Yellow Sea ecoregion(YSE)comprise a small population with independent genes and represent a charismatic flagship species in this region.However,this population has declined by 80%since the 1940s,and increased support from the countries around the YSE is urgently needed to address the potential local extinction risk.A time-series niche model and life-history weighted systematic conservation planning were designed on the basis of a satellite beacon tracking survey(2010–2020)of the YSE population.The results showed clustering and spreading shifting patterns during the breeding and migratory seasons,respectively.The closed-loop migration route formed in the YSE indicated that this population might be geographically isolated from populations in other breeding areas around the world.The conservation priority area(CPA),with an area of 19632 km^(2)(3.58%of the total YSE area),was the most effective response to the potential in situ risk.However,nearly 80%of the CPA was exposed outside the existing marine protected areas(MPAs).Future establishment of MPAs in China should strategically consider the conservation gap identified herein,and it is recommended for Korea’s closed fishing season to be spatially set in the western Korean Peninsula from May to August.This study also exemplified that the lack of temporal information would lead to the dislocation of niche modeling for migratory species represented by spotted seals.Attention should be paid to protecting small and migratory populations in marine biodiversity conservation planning.

Impacts of air pollution and meteorological conditions on dry eye disease among residents in a northeastern Chinese metropolis:a six-year crossover study in a cold region

The purpose of this study is to explore the associations among dry eye disease(DED),air pollution,and meteorological conditions in the cold region of a northeastern Chinese metropolis(i.e.,Changchun).Data on ambient air pollutants and meteorological parameters as well as diagnosed DED outpatients during 2015–2021 were collected.The associations between DED and environmental factors were analysed at multiple time scales using various statistical methods(i.e.,correlation,regression and machine learning).Among the 10,809 DED patients(21,617 eyes)studied,64.60%were female and 35.40%were male.A higher frequency of DED was observed in March and April,followed by January,August and October.Individual and multiple factor models showed the positive importance of particles with aerodynamic diameters<10μm(PM10),carbon monoxide(CO),and ozone(O_(3))among normal air pollutants and air pressure(AP),air temperature(AT)and wind speed(WS)among normal meteorological parameters.Air pollutants(PM10,nitrogen dioxide:NO_(2))and meteorological parameters(AT,AP)have combined impacts on DED occurrence.For the first time,we further explored the associations of detailed components of atmospheric particles and DED,suggesting potential emission sources,including spring dust from bare soil and roads and precursor pollutants of summer O_(3)formation from vehicles and industry in Northeast China.Our results revealed the quantitative associations among air pollutants,meteorological conditions and DED outpatients in cold regions,highlighting the importance of coordinated policies in air pollution control and climate change mitigation.

呼吸道病毒感染的肺部黏膜免疫应答研究

流感病毒和新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是近年来频繁引发呼吸道疾病的主要病原,其引起的黏膜免疫应答对于病毒的控制和清除至关重要.目前对于SARS-CoV-2感染后肺部黏膜免疫应答的具体调控机制及其与流感感染的区别尚不清楚我们通过原位杂交-多重免疫荧光染色技术及空间转录组学揭示了流感病毒和SARS-CoV-2感染过程中局部免疫应答的动态变化过程,并发现相比于流感病毒感染,SARS-CoV-2感染早期肺部黏膜会更加快速地形成诱导性支气管相关淋巴组织(iBALT)结构并活化B1细胞产生较高水平IgM和IgA,可能在抗病毒感染及iBALT的形成中发挥重要作用.同时,SARS-CoV-2及表达其S蛋白的假病毒感染均能够促进小鼠和人的B1细胞的活化.将表达S蛋白的腺病毒疫苗AdC7-S对小鼠进行免疫后,可以成功诱导出包含B1细胞的iBALT,并在病毒感染中发挥保护作用.本研究揭示了呼吸道病毒引起的肺脏黏膜免疫动态应答过程,并阐明了SARS-CoV-2感染早期B1细胞的活化特点及免疫保护作用,为揭示新发呼吸道传染病的保护性应答机制及疫苗设计提供了理论基础.

Activation of the complement system sensitizes immune checkpoint blockade

1.Introduction.ecently,a study published in Nature Cancer by Shao et al.1 shows that intratumoral activation of the complement system promotes antitu-mor immunity and eliminates epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-activated lung cancer resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)treatment.This study unveiled the molecular and genetic mechanism underlying the EGFR-elicited intratumoral complement inhibition and provided a novel strategy to treat lung cancer with combination of ICIs and intratumoral complement system activation.

Associations of PGK1 promoter hypomethylation and PGK1-mediated PDHK1 phosphorylation with cancer stage and prognosis:a TCGA pan-cancer analysis

Background:Cancer cells reprogram metabolism for proliferation.Phosphoglycerate kinase 1(PGK1),as a glycolytic enzyme and newly identified protein kinase,coordinates glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism.However,the clini-cal significance of PGK1 expression and function in cancer progression is unclear.Here,we investigated the relation-ship between the progression and prognosis of multiple cancer types and PGK1 expression and its function in the mitochondrial metabolism regulation.Methods:We performed pan-cancer analyses of PGK1 mRNA level and DNA methylation in 11,908 tumor tissues and 1582 paired normal tissues across 34 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets.Using specific antibodies against PGK1 S203 and PDHK1 T338 phosphorylation,we performed immunohistochemistry with tissue microarray assay in additional 818 cancer cases with 619 paired normal tissues from five cancer types.Results:The PGK1 mRNA level was significantly elevated with hypomethylation in promotor regions and associated with advanced TNM stage in 15 and four cancer types,respectively.In breast carcinoma,elevated PGK1 mRNA level and promoter hypomethylation were associated with poor prognosis.Positively correlated PGK1 S203 and PDHK1 T338 phosphorylation levels were significantly associated with short overall survival(OS)in cancers of the breast,liver,lung,stomach,and esophagus and with advanced TNM stage in breast and esophageal cancers.PGK1 pS203 and PDHK1 pT338 were also independent predictors of short OS in liver,lung,and stomach cancer.Conclusions:The elevated expression,promoter hypomethylation,and phosphorylation of PGK1 and PDHK1 were related with disease progression and short OS in diverse types of cancer.PGK1 and PDHK1 phosphorylation may be potential prognostic biomarkers.

A non-metabolic function of hexokinase 2 in small cell lung cancer:promotes cancer cell stemness by increasing USP11-mediated CD133 stability

Background:Maintenance of cancer stem-like cell(CSC)stemness supported by aberrantly regulated cancer cell metabolism is critical for CSC self-renewal and tumor progression.As a key glycolytic enzyme,hexokinase 2(HK2)plays an instrumental role in aerobic glycolysis and tumor progression.However,whether HK2 directly contribute to CSC stemness maintenance in small cell lung cancer(SCLC)is largely unclear.In this study,we aimed to investgate whether HK2 independent of its glycolytic activity is directly involved in stemness maintenance of CSC in SCLC.Methods:Immunoblotting analyses were conducted to determine the expression of HK2 in SCLC CSCs and their differentiated counterparts.CSC-like properties and tumorigenesis of SCLC cells with or without HK2 depletion or overexpression were examined by sphere formation assay and xenograft mouse model.Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses were performed to identify the binding proteins of CD133.The expression levels of CD133-associated and CSC-relevant proteins were evaluated by immunoblotting,immunoprecipitation,immunofluorescence,and immunohistochemistry assay.RNA expression levels of Nanog,POU5F1,Lin28,HK2,Prominin-1 were analyzed through quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Polyubiquitination of CD133 was examined by in vitro or in vivo ubiquitination assay.CD133+cells were sorted by flow cytometry using an anti-CD133 antibody.Results:We demonstrated that HK2 expression was much higher in CSCs of SCLC than in their differentiated counterparts.HK2 depletion inhibited CSC stemness and promoted CSC differentiation.Mechanistically,nonmitochondrial HK2 directly interacted with CD133 and enhanced CD133 expression without affecting CD133 mRNA levels.The interaction of HK2 and CD133 promoted the binding of the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 11(USP11)to CD133,thereby inhibiting CD133 polyubiquitylation and degradation.HK2-mediated upregulation of CD133 expression enhanced the expression of cell renewal regulators,SCLC cell stemness,and tumor growth in mice.In addition,HK2 expression was positively correlated with CD133 expression in human SCLC specimens,and their expression levels were associated with poor prognosis of SCLC patients.Conclusions:These results revealed a critical non-metabolic function of HK2 in promotion of cancer cell stemness.Our findings provided new insights into the multifaceted roles of HK2 in tumor development.

Preparation of amphiphilic graft copolymer with polyisoprene backbone by combination of anionic polymerization and "click" reaction

A novel graft copolymer consisting of polyisoprene backbone and hydrophilic side chain with carbamic acid ester functional group was prepared via thiol-ene＂click＂reaction and alcohol-isocyanate reactions.Polyisoprene was synthesized by anionic polymerization using n-butyl lithium as initiator,and the pendant hydroxyl groups were introduced by the thiol-ene reaction of mercaptoethanol with the double bond of 1,2-addition units of PI backbone in the presence of radical initiator azobisisobutyronitrile. Isocyanate end group capped poly（ethylene glycol）（mPEG-NCO） was grafted onto the PI backbone through alcoholisocyanate reaction between the pendant hydroxyl groups and isocyanate group of mPEG-NCO.The structure of the graft copolymer were characterized and confirmed by means of size-exclusion chromatography,~1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy.

Dynamic regulation of innate lymphoid cells in the mucosal immune system

The mucosal immune system is considered a local immune system,a term that implies regional restriction.Mucosal tissues are continually exposed to a wide range of antigens.The regulation of mucosal immune cells is tightly associated with the progression of mucosal diseases.Innate lymphoid cells(ILCs)are abundant in mucosal barriers and serve as first-line defenses against pathogens.The subtype changes and translocation of ILCs are accompanied by the pathologic processes of mucosal diseases.Here,we review the plasticity and circulation of ILCs in the mucosal immune system under physiological and pathological conditions.We also discuss the signaling pathways involved in dynamic ILC changes and the related targets in mucosal diseases.

Comparison of two emergency medical services in Beijing and Hong Kong, China

To Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major issue in emergency care worldwide. The incidence of OHCA is estimated to be 50 to 60 per 100,000 persons globally.Despite advances in treatment and technology, survival following OHCA remains low. There are multiple factors affecting the survival outcome. The type of emergency medical service (EMS) system is likely to be one of them. In Asia, the EMS structure and its service capability in terms of dispatch, airway management, and medications vary widely between communities. This study aimed to evaluate the survival outcomes of OHCA in Beijing and Hong Kong (HK), China and the effect of the type of EMS system on the survival outcomes for patients with OHCA.

Overexpression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) affects circulatory Th1 and Th2 cells in patients with cardiac arrest in the early period after the return of spontaneous circulation

To the Editor:Cardiac arrest(CA)is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients globally and has low rates of overall survival.After the return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC),patients with CA and systemic ischemia/reperfusion injury can manifest as sepsis-like syndromes and immune disorders that increase the risk of infections.CD4^(+)T lymphocytes play an important role in organ ischemia-reperfusion injury.T-helper(Th)types 1 and 2 cells are classical subsets of CD4^(+)T cells.Extensive research on their functions in infectious and immune-related inflammatory diseases indicates that both subsets participate in host defense and direct immune responses.Data from CA/cardiopulmonary resuscitation porcine models and patients have revealed imbalances in Th1/Th2 cell ratio.[1]Therefore,Th1 and Th2 cells are important for understanding post-ROSC immune dysfunction in patients with CA.

Porous tantalum-composited gelatin nanoparticles hydrogel integrated with mesenchymal stem cell-derived endothelial cells to construct vascularized tissue in vivo

The ideal scaffold material of angiogenesis should have mechanical strength and provide appropriate physiological microporous structures to mimic the extracellular matrix environment.In this study,we constructed an integrated three-dimensional scaffold material using porous tantalum(pTa),gelatin nanoparticles(GNPs)hydrogel,and seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)-derived endothelial cells(ECs)for vascular tissue engineering.The characteristics and biocompatibility of pTa and GNPs hydrogel were evaluated by mechanical testing,scanning electron microscopy,cell counting kit,and live-cell assay.The BMSCs-derived ECs were identified by flow cytometry and angiogenesis assay.BMSCs-derived ECs were seeded on the pTa-GNPs hydrogel scaffold and implanted subcutaneously in nude mice.Four weeks after the operation,the scaffold material was evaluated by histomorphology.The superior biocompatible ability of pTa-GNPs hydrogel scaffold was observed.Our in vivo results suggested that 28 days after implantation,the formation of the stable capillary-like network in scaffold material could be promoted significantly.The novel,integrated pTa-GNPs hydrogel scaffold is biocompatible with the host,and exhibits biomechanical and angiogenic properties.Moreover,combined with BMSCs-derived ECs,it could construct vascular engineered tissue in vivo.This study may provide a basis for applying pTa in bone regeneration and autologous BMSCs in tissue-engineered vascular grafts.

Outcome of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Beijing

Aim:We aimed to investigate the association between bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)and survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests(OHCA)in Beiing.Methods:This observational study analyzed adult patients with OHCA treated by the Beiing emergency medical service(EMS)from January 2013 to December 2017.Data were collected in a Utstein style with a 1-year follow-up and a primary outcome 01 survival to hospital discharge.Secondary outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC),survival to admission,favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge,and survival and favorable neurological outcomes of up to 1 year.Results:A total of 5016 patients with OHCA from Beiing's urban area were recorded by EMS,wherein 765 patients(15.25%)underwent bystander CPR.The data were propensity score-matched forage,sex,location,witness,aetiology,initial rhythm,and call to EMS arrival to compare the difference between the occurrence and nonoccurrence of bystander CPR.The survival upon the discharge of patients who experienced bystander CPR was superior to that of patients who did not receive bystander CPR(3.7%vs 1.2%,respectively;P<0.001).Moreover,patients with OHCA resuscitated with bystander CPR achieved better outcomes of ROSC,survival to admission,favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge,survival and favorable neurological outcome after 1 year compared with those who were not resuscitated with bystander CPR.Conclusion:Survival and neu rological outcome of patients who underwent bystander CPR was better than those who underwent nonbystander CPR in Beiing.However,the rate of bystander CPR was low.