Salinity fronts shape spatial patterns in zooplankton distribution in Hangzhou Bay

Ocean fronts play important roles in nutrient transport and in the shaping ecological patterns.Frontal zones in small bays are typically small in scale,have a complex structure,and they are spatially and temporally variable,but there are limited data on how biological communities respond to this variation.Hangzhou Bay,a mediumsized estuary in China,is an ideal place in which to study the response of plankton to small-scale ocean fronts,because three water masses(Qiantang River Diluted Water,Changjiang River Diluted Water,and the East China Sea current) converge here and form dynamic salinity fronts throughout the year.We investigate zooplankton communities,and temperature,salinity and chlorophyll a(Chl a) in Hangzhou Bay in June(wet perio d) and December(dry period) of 2022 and examine the dominant environmental factors that affect zooplankton community spatial variability.We then match the spatial distributions of zooplankton communities with those of salinity fronts.S alinity is the most important explanatory variable to affect zooplankton community spatial variability during both wet and dry periods,in that it contributes>60% of the variability in community structure.Furthermore,the spatial distributions of zooplankton match well with salinity fronts.During December,with weaker Qiantang River Diluted Water and a stronger secondary Changjiang River Plume,zooplankton communities occur in moderate salinity(MS,salinity range 15.6±2.2) and high salinity(HS,22.4±1.7) regions,and their ecological boundaries closely match the Qiantang River Diluted Water front.In June,different zooplankton communities occur in low salinity(LS,3.9±1.0),MS(11.7±3.6) and HS(21.3±1.9) regions.Although the LS region occurs abnormally in the central bay rather than its apex because of the anomalous influence of rising and falling tides during the sampling perio d,the ecological boundaries still match salinity interfaces.Low-salinity or brackish-water zooplankter taxa are relatively more abundant in LS or MS regions,and the biomass and abundance of zooplankton is higher in the MS region.

远探测声波测井处理解释方法发展与展望

远探测声波测井技术(亦称反射声波测井技术)能够从井中探测及评价井外数十米范围内的裂缝、洞穴和断层等地质异常反射体,大大拓展了测井技术的应用范围。在回顾该技术发展历程的同时,重点介绍了远探测声波测井处理解释核心方法、软件和现场应用效果。结合目前油田实际生产需求和现有技术面临的挑战,指出远探测声波测井处理解释方法有5个最重要的发展方向:继目前利用声波时差和密度通过反射系数褶积进行“测井约束下的地震反演”后,突破实现井下实测反射波和地面地震反射波正反演关系的直接建立,同时开展页岩储层裂缝成像、压裂效果评价、随钻地质导向研究及远探测声波测井仪器革新。

致密储层水平井外裂缝与地层界面远探测声波测井响应特征研究

致密砂岩和页岩等非常规储层中常发育有密集小尺度和高角度裂缝.这些裂缝一方面起到增加储层渗透性的积极作用,另一方面在油气开采、水力压裂、注二氧化碳等过程中,它们又可能引起水平井孔套变和邻井压窜等风险.因此,考察这些裂缝的水平井远探测声波测井响应特征,以及进一步利用远探测方法识别这些裂缝具有重要研究意义.本文构建了致密储层水平井外存在裂缝的三维数值模型,并开展了正演模拟研究.结果表明,当裂缝与井孔夹角较小时,井孔内接收器主要接收裂缝反射波.当夹角大于某临界值后,接收波形主要为来自裂缝两个端点的散射波,它们分裂为两个波包.进一步提出广义SH散射波概念,即声源的偏振方向与裂缝走向平行的横波,它总是代表了所有方位上散射能量最强的方位.水平井外同时存在裂缝和强声阻抗地层界面是更为普遍的情况.相关模拟结果表明,裂缝散射波的主要能量集中在广义SH散射波上.随着地层界面和裂缝走向差异的增大,裂缝对应的广义SH散射波更容易识别.最后,通过一口水平井远探测实例验证了正演模拟结论的准确性.本文研究对识别和评价非常规储层水平井外小尺度裂缝具有重要理论意义.

非电阻率测井流体识别研究现状及展望

电阻率测井是目前流体识别的主要手段,但其在具有低孔隙度低渗透率、非均质性较强、特殊矿物发育等特点的储层中不易准确判别流体性质。为解决复杂储层流体识别问题,基于非电阻率测井技术衍生出了一系列方法,该文分别阐述其判别流体性质的原理、应用实例以及适应条件。针对非电阻率测井流体识别方法的发展方向提出:二维核磁共振可结合实验室刻度进行流体识别图版优化,并且在数据采集质量及处理效果提升的基础上发展三维核磁共振流体识别方法。利用斯通利波直接反演流体表征参数,并开展大量实验、模拟完善氯元素产额校正理论以形成稳定氯离子流体识别法,尝试基于岩性扫描测井仪器Litho Scanner等提取快中子截面进行流体识别;结合机器学习算法进行图谱流体信息提取及性质区分。开展多测井技术联合识别流体性质方法研究,并形成具有推广价值的工作流程。

Nighttime Construction Noise Disturbance Compensation in Beijing:Taking the Tongzhou New Campus Project of Renmin University of China as an Example

By examining a specific case of compensating for nighttime construction noise in Beijing’s construction projects,we explored how the costs of mitigating construction noise disturbance could be fairly distributed among multiple construction projects near residential areas.In this process,the local government played a crucial coordinating role.According to regulations,construction units must include the costs of preventing and controlling construction noise pollution in the project cost.The construction contract should clearly specify the construction unit’s responsibility for noise pollution prevention and control.After signing the contract,the construction unit should promptly undertake relevant measures to minimize disturbances caused by nighttime construction,aiming to reduce the adverse impacts on the community and ensure the smooth progress of the construction project.

富油煤焦油产率测井评价方法研究

【目的】富油煤作为一种集煤、油、气属性为一体的煤基油气资源,对于保障我国油气资源供应、实现煤炭清洁高效利用具有重要意义。目前富油煤的识别主要依靠格金干馏试验测量的焦油产率来判断,而利用地球物理手段准确识别与评价富油煤的研究则相对薄弱。【方法】以新疆三塘湖盆地侏罗系西山窑组和八道湾组煤层为研究对象,基于岩石物理实验,在明确富油煤典型测井响应特征基础上,创新建立了一种煤焦油产率测井定量评价方法。【结果和结论】结果表明:(1)相比含油煤,富油煤具有富氢结构物质含量高、孔隙结构差的特点,这造成富油煤具有“低密度、高中子和高电阻率”的常规测井响应特征;(2)通过多状态二维核磁共振实验测量分析,明确了富油煤具有“二维核磁T1谱双峰,T_(2)<1、T_(1)/T_(2)>10区域信号强”的核磁测井响应特征,而含油煤相应区域信号不明显,这与富油煤中富氢结构物质含量高有关;(3)基于富油煤典型测井响应特征,提出利用电阻率和中子2个参数构建富油煤指示因子Z,Z越大,表明煤焦油产率越高。在煤焦油产率刻度基础上,建立了煤焦油产率与指示因子间的线性关系,实现了煤焦油产率的准确方便计算,可操作性强。上述认识为基于地球物理测井手段识别和评价富油煤提供了理论指导。

文昌鸡活体可度量性状与皮脂重的相关分析

旨在研究文昌鸡活体度量性状与皮脂重的关系,本文选取120日龄文昌鸡60只,公母各半,测量其体重、体斜长、胸宽、胸深、龙骨长、骨盆宽、胫长、胫围、胸肌厚、皮脂厚、皮脂重指标,运用SPSS 26.0软件分别对公、母鸡的各项指标数据进行相关性分析、通径分析、逐步线性回归分析等。结果表明,文昌鸡公鸡皮脂重与体重、胸肌厚、皮脂厚呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与体斜长呈显著相关(P<0.05),其中相关性最大的是胸肌厚(R=0.687),其次是体重(R=0.685);母鸡皮脂重与体重、体斜长、胸肌厚、皮脂厚均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),其中相关系数最大的是体重(R=0.857),其次是皮脂厚(R=0.630)。体重主要通过直接作用影响文昌鸡皮脂重,体斜长主要通过间接作用影响文昌鸡公鸡皮脂重,胫长主要通过间接作用影响文昌鸡母鸡皮脂重。公、母鸡活体可度量性状与皮脂重的最优回归方程分别为:Y_(皮脂重)=396.649+42.279X_(胸肌厚)+0.187X_(体重)+1213.592X_(皮脂厚)-36.516X_(体斜长),Y_(皮脂重)=193.928+0.264X_(体重)-61.334X_(胫长)。

Collaborative positioning for swarms:A brief survey of vision,LiDAR and wireless sensors based methods

As positioning sensors,edge computation power,and communication technologies continue to develop,a moving agent can now sense its surroundings and communicate with other agents.By receiving spatial information from both its environment and other agents,an agent can use various methods and sensor types to localize itself.With its high flexibility and robustness,collaborative positioning has become a widely used method in both military and civilian applications.This paper introduces the basic fundamental concepts and applications of collaborative positioning,and reviews recent progress in the field based on camera,LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging),wireless sensor,and their integration.The paper compares the current methods with respect to their sensor type,summarizes their main paradigms,and analyzes their evaluation experiments.Finally,the paper discusses the main challenges and open issues that require further research.

Electron-distribution control via Pt/NC and MoC/NC dual junction:Boosted hydrogen electro-oxidation and theoretical study

The scarcity,high cost and susceptibility to CO of Platinum severely restrict its application in alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Hybridizing Pt with other transition metals provides an effective strategy to modulate its catalytic HOR performance,but at the cost of mass activity due to the coverage of modifiers on Pt surface.Herein,we constructed dual junctions'Pt/nitrogen-doped carbon(Pt/NC)andδ-MoC/NC to modify electronic structure of Pt via interfacial electron transfer to acquire Pt-MoC@NC catalyst with electron-deficient Pt nanoparticles,simultaneously endowing it with high mass activity and durability of alkaline HOR.Moreover,the unique structure of Pt-MoC@NC endows Pt with a high COtolerance at 1,000 ppm CO/H_(2),a quality that commercial Pt-C catalyst lacks.The theoretical calculations not only confirm the diffusion of electrons from Pt/NC to Mo C/NC could occur,but also demonstrate the negative shift of Pt d-band center for the optimized binding energies of*H,*OH and CO.

Multi-systemic melioidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes in nonendemic areas:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Melioidosis,an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei(B.pseudomallei),occurs endemically in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia and is a serious opportunistic infection associated with a high mortality rate.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old woman presented with scattered erythema on the skin of her limbs,followed by fever and seizures.B.pseudomallei was isolated successively from the patient’s urine,blood,and pus.Magnetic resonance imaging showed abscess formation involving the right forehead and the right frontal region.Subsequently,abscess resection and drainage were performed.The patient showed no signs of relapse after 4 months of follow-up visits post-treatment.CONCLUSION We present here a unique case of multi-systemic melioidosis that occurs in nonendemic regions in a patient who had no recent travel history.Hence,it is critical to enhance awareness of melioidosis in non-endemic regions.

Coke behavior with H_(2)O in a hydrogen-enriched blast furnace:A review

Hydrogen-enriched blast furnace ironmaking has become an essential route to reduce CO_(2)emissions in the ironmaking process.However,hydrogen-enriched reduction produces large amounts of H_(2)O,which places new demands on coke quality in a blast furnace.In a hydrogen-rich blast furnace,the presence of H_(2)O promotes the solution loss reaction.This result improves the reactivity of coke,which is 20%-30%higher in a pure H_(2)O atmosphere than in a pure CO_(2)atmosphere.The activation energy range is 110-300 kJ/mol between coke and CO_(2)and 80-170 kJ/mol between coke and H_(2)O.CO_(2)and H_(2)O are shown to have different effects on coke degradation mechanisms.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of H_(2)O on the structure and properties of coke.By exploring the interactions between H_(2)O and coke,several unresolved issues in the field requiring further research were identified.This review aims to provide valuable insights into coke behavior in hydrogen-rich environments and promote the further development of hydrogen-rich blast furnace ironmaking processes.

Development and prospect of acoustic reflection imaging logging processing and interpretation method

Acoustic reflection imaging logging technology can detect and evaluate the development of reflection anomalies,such as fractures,caves and faults,within a range of tens of meters from the wellbore,greatly expanding the application scope of well logging technology.This article reviews the development history of the technology and focuses on introducing key methods,software,and on-site applications of acoustic reflection imaging logging technology.Based on the analyses of major challenges faced by existing technologies,and in conjunction with the practical production requirements of oilfields,the further development directions of acoustic reflection imaging logging are proposed.Following the current approach that utilizes the reflection coefficients,derived from the computation of acoustic slowness and density,to perform seismic inversion constrained by well logging,the next frontier is to directly establish the forward and inverse relationships between the downhole measured reflection waves and the surface seismic reflection waves.It is essential to advance research in imaging of fractures within shale reservoirs,the assessment of hydraulic fracturing effectiveness,the study of geosteering while drilling,and the innovation in instruments of acoustic reflection imaging logging technology.

Blade-Coated Porous 3D Carbon Composite Electrodes Coupled with Multiscale Interfaces for Highly Sensitive All-Paper Pressure Sensors

Flexible and wearable pressure sensors hold immense promise for health monitoring,covering disease detection and postoperative rehabilitation.Developing pressure sensors with high sensitivity,wide detection range,and cost-effectiveness is paramount.By leveraging paper for its sustainability,biocompatibility,and inherent porous structure,herein,a solution-processed all-paper resistive pressure sensor is designed with outstanding performance.A ternary composite paste,comprising a compressible 3D carbon skeleton,conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate),and cohesive carbon nanotubes,is blade-coated on paper and naturally dried to form the porous composite electrode with hierachical micro-and nano-structured surface.Combined with screen-printed Cu electrodes in submillimeter finger widths on rough paper,this creates a multiscale hierarchical contact interface between electrodes,significantly enhancing sensitivity(1014 kPa-1)and expanding the detection range(up to 300 kPa)of as-resulted all-paper pressure sensor with low detection limit and power consumption.Its versatility ranges from subtle wrist pulses,robust finger taps,to large-area spatial force detection,highlighting its intricate submillimetermicrometer-nanometer hierarchical interface and nanometer porosity in the composite electrode.Ultimately,this all-paper resistive pressure sensor,with its superior sensing capabilities,large-scale fabrication potential,and cost-effectiveness,paves the way for next-generation wearable electronics,ushering in an era of advanced,sustainable technological solutions.

Effects of phosphorus limitation on sinking velocities of phytoplankton during summer in the Changjiang River Estuary

The sinking of phytoplankton is critical to organic matter transportation in the ocean and it is an essential process for the formation of coastal hypoxic zones.This study was based on a field investigation conducted during the summer of 2022 in the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary(CJE) and its adjacent waters.The settling column method was employed to measure the sinking velocity(SV) of different size fractions of phytoplankton at the surface of the sea and to analyze their environmental control mechanisms.The findings reveal significant spatial variation in phytoplankton SV(-0.55-2.41 m/d) within the CJE.High-speed sinking was predominantly observed in phosphate-depleted regions beyond the CJE front.At the same time,an upward trend was more commonly observed in the phosphate-rich regions near the CJE mouth.The SV ranges for different sizefractionated phytoplankton,including micro-(>20 μm),nano-(2-20 μm),and picophytoplankton(0.7-2 μm),were-0.50-4.74 m/d,-1.04-1.59 m/d,and-1.24-1.65 m/d,respectively.Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between SV and dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP),implying that the influence of DIP contributes to SV.The variations in phytoplankton alkaline phosphatase activity suggested a significant increase in SV across all size fractions in the event of phosphorus limitation.Phytoplankton communities with limited photo synthetic capacity(maximum photochemical efficience,Fv/Fm <0.3) were found to have higher SV than that of communities with strong capacity,suggesting a link between sinking and alterations in physiological conditions due to phosphate depletion.The findings from the in situ phosphate enrichment experiments confirmed a marked decrease in SV following phosphate supplementation.These findings suggest that phosphorus limitation is the primary driver of elevated SV in the CJE.This study enhances the comprehension of the potential mechanisms underlying hypoxic zone formation in the CJE,providing novel insights into how nearshore eutrophication influences organic carbon migration.

Inter-annual variations of dissolved oxygen and hypoxia off the northern Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary in summer from 1997 to 2014

Hypoxia off the Changjiang River Estuary has been the subject of much attention,yet systematic observations have been lacking,resulting in a lack of knowledge regarding its long-term change and drivers.By revisiting the repeated surveys of dissolved oxygen(DO) and other relevant hydrographic parameters along the section from the Changjiang River Estuary to the Jeju-do in the summer from 1997 to 2014,rather different trends were revealed for the dual low-DO cores.The nearshore low-DO core,located close to the river mouth and relatively stable,shows that hypoxia has become more severe with the lowest DO descen ding at a rate of -0.07 mg/(L·a) and the thickness of low-DO zone rising at a rate of 0.43 m/a.The offshore core,centered around 40-m isobath but moving back and forth between 123.5°-125°E,shows large fluctuations in the minimum DO concentration,with the thickness of low-DO zone falling at a rate of -1.55 m/a.The probable factors affecting the minimum DO concentration in the two regions also vary.In the nearshore region,the decreasing minimum DO is driven by the increase in both stratification and primary productivity,with the enhanced extension of the Changjiang River Diluted Water(CDW) strengthening stratification.In the offshore region,the fluctuating trend of the minimum DO concentration indicates that both DO loss and DO supplement are distinct.The DO loss is primarily attributed to bottom apparent oxygen utilization caused by the organic matter decay and is also relevant to the advection of low-DO water from the nearshore region.The DO supplement is primarily due to weakened stratification.Our analysis also shows that the minimum DO concentration in the nearshore region was extremely low in 1998,2003,2007 and 2010,related to El Ni?o signal in these summers.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of water exchange between the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal

A high-resolution customized numerical model is used to analyze the water transport in the three major water passages between the Andaman Sea(AS)and the Bay of Bengal,i.e.,the Preparis Channel(PC),the Ten Degree Channel(TDC),and the Great Channel(GC),based on the daily averaged simulation results ranging from 2010 to 2019.Spectral analysis and Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF)methods are employed to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of the water exchange and controlling mechanisms.The results of model simulation indicate that the net average transports of the PC and GC,as well as their linear trend,are opposite to that of the TDC.This indicates that the PC and the GC are the main inflow channels of the AS,while the TDC is the main outflow channel of the AS.The transport variability is most pronounced at surface levels and between 100 m and 200 m depth,likely affected by monsoons and circulation.A 182.4-d semiannual variability is consistently seen in all three channels,which is also evident in their second principal components.Based on sea level anomalies and EOF analysis results,this is primarily due to equatorial winds during the monsoon transition period,causing eastward movement of Kelvin waves along the AS coast,thereby affecting the spatiotemporal characteristics of the flow in the AS.The first EOF of the PC flow field section shows a split at 100 m deep,likely due to topography.The first EOF of the TDC flow field section is steady but has potent seasonal oscillations in its time series.Meanwhile,the first EOF of the GC flow field section indicates a stable surface inflow,probably influenced by the equatorial Indian Ocean’s eastward current.

Voltage-modulated polymer nanopore field-effect transistor for multi-sized nanoparticle detection

Solid-state nanopores offer a range of distinct advantages over biological nanopores,such as structural diversity and greater stability and durability;this makes them highly promising for high-resolution nanoparticle sensing.Biological nanopores can exhibit gating characteristics with stress-responsive switches and can demonstrate specificity toward particular molecules.Drawing inspiration from biological nanopores,this paper introduces a novel polymer nanopore with field-effect characteristics,leveraging a conductive polymer in its construction to showcase intriguing gating behavior.Notably,in this device,the polymer layer serves as the gate,enabling precise control over the source–drain current response inside and outside the pore by simply adjusting the gate voltage.This unique feature allows fine-tuning of the nanopore’s sensitivity to nanoparticles of varying sizes and facilitates its operation in multiple modes.Experimental results reveal that the developed polymer nanopore field-effect transistor demonstrates remarkable selectivity in detecting nanoparticles of various sizes under different applied voltages.The proposed single device demonstrates the exceptional ability to detect multiple types of nanoparticle,showcasing its immense potential for a wide range of applications in biological-particle analysis and medical diagnostics.

A comparative study on the spectral characteristics of nanosecond pulsed discharges in atmospheric He and a He+2.3%H_(2)O mixture

Nanosecond pulsed discharges at atmospheric pressure in a pin-to-pin electrode configuration are well reproducible in time and space, which is beneficial to the fundamentals and applications of low-temperature plasmas. In this experiment, the discharges in helium(He) and He with 2.3%water vapor(H_(2)O) are driven by a series of 10 ns overvoltage pulses(~13 k V). Special attention is paid to the spectral characteristics obtained in the center of discharges by time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy. It is found that in helium, the emission of atomic and molecular helium during the afterglow is more intense than that in the active discharge, while in the He+2.3%H_(2)O mixture, helium emission is only observed during the discharge pulse and the molecular helium emission disappears. In addition, the emissions of OH(A-X) and Hα present similar behavior that increases sharply during the falling edge of the voltage pulse as the electrons cool down rapidly. The gas temperature is set to remain low at 540 K by fitting the OH(A-X) band. A comparative study on the emission of radiative species(He, He_(2), OH and H)is performed between these two discharge cases to derive their main production mechanisms. In both cases, the dominant primary ion is He^(+) at the onset of discharges, but their He^(+) charge transfer processes are quite different. Based on these experimental data and a qualitative discussion on the discharge kinetics, with regard to the present discharge conditions, it is shown that the electron-assisted three-body recombination processes appear to be the significant sources of radiative OH and H species in high-density plasmas.

Coastal hypoxia response to the coupling of catastrophic flood,extreme marine heatwave and typhoon:a case study off the Changjiang River Estuary in summer 2020

Massive bodies of low-oxygen bottom waters are found in coastal areas worldwide,which are detrimental to coastal ecosystems.In summer 2020,the response of coastal hypoxia to extreme weather events,including a catastrophic flooding,an extreme marine heatwave,and Typhoon Bavi,is investigated based on multiple satellite,four cruises,and mooring observations.The extensive fan-shaped hypoxia zone presents significant northward extension during July-September 2020,and is estimated as large as 13 000 km^(2) with rather low oxygen minimum(0.42 mg/L) during its peak in 28-30 August.This severe hypoxia is attributed to the persistent strong stratification,which is indicated by flood-induced larger amount of riverine freshwater input and subsequent marine heatwave off the Changjiang River Estuary.Moreover,the Typhoon Bavi has limited effect on the marine heatwave and coastal hypoxia in summer 2020.

Spatial Distribution Feature Extraction Network for Open Set Recognition of Electromagnetic Signal

This paper proposes a novel open set recognition method,the Spatial Distribution Feature Extraction Network(SDFEN),to address the problem of electromagnetic signal recognition in an open environment.The spatial distribution feature extraction layer in SDFEN replaces convolutional output neural networks with the spatial distribution features that focus more on inter-sample information by incorporating class center vectors.The designed hybrid loss function considers both intra-class distance and inter-class distance,thereby enhancing the similarity among samples of the same class and increasing the dissimilarity between samples of different classes during training.Consequently,this method allows unknown classes to occupy a larger space in the feature space.This reduces the possibility of overlap with known class samples and makes the boundaries between known and unknown samples more distinct.Additionally,the feature comparator threshold can be used to reject unknown samples.For signal open set recognition,seven methods,including the proposed method,are applied to two kinds of electromagnetic signal data:modulation signal and real-world emitter.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the other six methods overall in a simulated open environment.Specifically,compared to the state-of-the-art Openmax method,the novel method achieves up to 8.87%and 5.25%higher micro-F-measures,respectively.