For acoustic detection of internal waves, the core issue is to obtain the temporal and spatial distribution of the sound speed profile(SSP). In the inversion process, the SSP is usually expressed by a few parameters t...For acoustic detection of internal waves, the core issue is to obtain the temporal and spatial distribution of the sound speed profile(SSP). In the inversion process, the SSP is usually expressed by a few parameters through expansion. However, information about internal waves may sometimes be hard to read directly from the inversion results. The aim of this paper is to characterize the internal waves directly though expansion coefficients. By deducing the dynamic equations of the internal waves, an orthogonal basis called the hydrodynamic normal modes(HNMs) can be extracted from a certain number of SSP samples. Unlike the existing widely used empirical orthogonal functions(EOFs), the HNMs have a more explicit physical meaning that is directly related to internal wave activity. The HNMs are then used to expand the SSP time series, and the expansion coefficients are derived.Eventually, information about internal waves can be read directly from the time derivative of the expansion coefficients of the first two modes. In this study, this method is applied to thermistor string profiles from the northern shelf of the South China Sea, where the SSP shows evident spatial and temporal variations due to internal waves. The results show that the SSP can be described approximately by the first two modes with adequate precision. The special oscillation structure of the time derivative of the expansion coefficients can be used to detect internal solitary waves. The expansion coefficients can also give information on internal solitary wave amplitude and width. According to theoretical and experimental analysis, it can be concluded that the internal waves monitoring method introduced in this paper is effective. The HNMs method is simple to apply and depends less on sample data than EOFs. It could be used as an efficient alternative to EOFs to expand the use of the SSP in highly variable areas, where internal waves are intensive.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),with an increasing incidence,pose a significant health burden.Although there have been significant advances in the treatment of IBD,more progress is still needed.Hyperbaric oxygen ther...Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),with an increasing incidence,pose a significant health burden.Although there have been significant advances in the treatment of IBD,more progress is still needed.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBOT)has been shown to treat a host of conditions such as carbon monoxide poisoning,decompression sickness,and gas gangrene.In the last few years,there has been an increase in research into the use of HBOT as an adjunct to conventional treatment for IBD.Related research has shown that HBOT may exert its therapeutic effects by decreasing oxidative stress,inhibiting mucosal inflammation,promoting ulcer healing,influencing gut microbes,and reducing the incidence of IBD complications.This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of experimental and clinical trials exploring HBOT as a supplement to IBD treatment strategies.展开更多
Background:Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a progressive chronic inflammatory disorder.Neutrophils play a critical role in regulating in-testinal mucosal homeostasis in UC.Spleen tyrosine kinase(Syk)is involved in several in...Background:Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a progressive chronic inflammatory disorder.Neutrophils play a critical role in regulating in-testinal mucosal homeostasis in UC.Spleen tyrosine kinase(Syk)is involved in several inflammatory diseases.Here,we evaluated the effects and underlying mechanisms of Syk on neutrophil immune-responses in UC.Methods:Syk expression in the colonic tissues of patients with UC was determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),western blotting,and immunohistochemistry.Colonic biopsies from patients with UC were obtained for single-cell RNA-sequencing.Neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood were pre-treated with R788(a Syk inhibitor)and gene differences were determined using RNA sequencing.Neutrophil functions were analyzed using qRT-PCR,flow cytometry,and Transwell assay.R788 was administered daily to mice with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis to verify the effects of Syk on intestinal inflammation.Results:Syk expression was increased in inflamed mucosa and neutrophils of patients with UC and positively correlated with dis-ease activity.Pharmacological inhibition of Syk in neutrophils decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines,chemokines,neutrophil extracellular traps,reactive oxygen species,and myeloperoxidase.Apoptosis and migration of neutrophils were sup-pressed by Syk blockade.Syk blockade ameliorated mucosal inflammation in DSS-induced murine colitis by inhibiting neutrophil-associated immune responses.Mechanistically,Syk regulated neutrophil immune-responses via the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase/rubicon-like autophagy enhancer-dependent autophagy pathway.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that Syk facilitates specific neutrophil functional responses to mucosal inflammation in UC,and its inhibition ameliorates mucosal inflammation in DSS-induced murine colitis,suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for UC treatment.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41406041the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under contract No.2014A030310256+1 种基金the Project of Enhancing School with Innovation of Guangdong Ocean University under contract No.GDOU2016050246the Excellent Young Teachers Program of GDOU under contract No.HDYQ2015010
文摘For acoustic detection of internal waves, the core issue is to obtain the temporal and spatial distribution of the sound speed profile(SSP). In the inversion process, the SSP is usually expressed by a few parameters through expansion. However, information about internal waves may sometimes be hard to read directly from the inversion results. The aim of this paper is to characterize the internal waves directly though expansion coefficients. By deducing the dynamic equations of the internal waves, an orthogonal basis called the hydrodynamic normal modes(HNMs) can be extracted from a certain number of SSP samples. Unlike the existing widely used empirical orthogonal functions(EOFs), the HNMs have a more explicit physical meaning that is directly related to internal wave activity. The HNMs are then used to expand the SSP time series, and the expansion coefficients are derived.Eventually, information about internal waves can be read directly from the time derivative of the expansion coefficients of the first two modes. In this study, this method is applied to thermistor string profiles from the northern shelf of the South China Sea, where the SSP shows evident spatial and temporal variations due to internal waves. The results show that the SSP can be described approximately by the first two modes with adequate precision. The special oscillation structure of the time derivative of the expansion coefficients can be used to detect internal solitary waves. The expansion coefficients can also give information on internal solitary wave amplitude and width. According to theoretical and experimental analysis, it can be concluded that the internal waves monitoring method introduced in this paper is effective. The HNMs method is simple to apply and depends less on sample data than EOFs. It could be used as an efficient alternative to EOFs to expand the use of the SSP in highly variable areas, where internal waves are intensive.
基金grants from Tai Shan Young Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.tsqn202103190)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.82270562and 82200591).
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),with an increasing incidence,pose a significant health burden.Although there have been significant advances in the treatment of IBD,more progress is still needed.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBOT)has been shown to treat a host of conditions such as carbon monoxide poisoning,decompression sickness,and gas gangrene.In the last few years,there has been an increase in research into the use of HBOT as an adjunct to conventional treatment for IBD.Related research has shown that HBOT may exert its therapeutic effects by decreasing oxidative stress,inhibiting mucosal inflammation,promoting ulcer healing,influencing gut microbes,and reducing the incidence of IBD complications.This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of experimental and clinical trials exploring HBOT as a supplement to IBD treatment strategies.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.82270562,82200591,81901655)Tai Shan Young Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.tsqn202103190)+2 种基金TCM Science and Technology Development Plan of Shandong Province(Grants No.Q-2022133,Q-2022134,M-2023173)Research Fund for Academician Lin He New Medicine(Grant No.JYHL2022FZD05)Postdoctoral Fund of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University(Grant No.JYFY303574)。
文摘Background:Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a progressive chronic inflammatory disorder.Neutrophils play a critical role in regulating in-testinal mucosal homeostasis in UC.Spleen tyrosine kinase(Syk)is involved in several inflammatory diseases.Here,we evaluated the effects and underlying mechanisms of Syk on neutrophil immune-responses in UC.Methods:Syk expression in the colonic tissues of patients with UC was determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),western blotting,and immunohistochemistry.Colonic biopsies from patients with UC were obtained for single-cell RNA-sequencing.Neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood were pre-treated with R788(a Syk inhibitor)and gene differences were determined using RNA sequencing.Neutrophil functions were analyzed using qRT-PCR,flow cytometry,and Transwell assay.R788 was administered daily to mice with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis to verify the effects of Syk on intestinal inflammation.Results:Syk expression was increased in inflamed mucosa and neutrophils of patients with UC and positively correlated with dis-ease activity.Pharmacological inhibition of Syk in neutrophils decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines,chemokines,neutrophil extracellular traps,reactive oxygen species,and myeloperoxidase.Apoptosis and migration of neutrophils were sup-pressed by Syk blockade.Syk blockade ameliorated mucosal inflammation in DSS-induced murine colitis by inhibiting neutrophil-associated immune responses.Mechanistically,Syk regulated neutrophil immune-responses via the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase/rubicon-like autophagy enhancer-dependent autophagy pathway.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that Syk facilitates specific neutrophil functional responses to mucosal inflammation in UC,and its inhibition ameliorates mucosal inflammation in DSS-induced murine colitis,suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for UC treatment.