Al−10Nb−3Ce−2.5B孕育剂对Zn−Al共析合金显微组织、阻尼和拉伸力学性能的影响

制备一种新型Al−10Nb−3Ce−2.5B孕育剂,并系统研究其对锌铝共析(ZA22)合金显微组织、阻尼和拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明,该孕育剂对ZA22合金中的α相具有显著的细化作用(α相最低可被细化至约16μm),并可使得α相的形貌从粗大枝晶状转变为细小花瓣状。通过边−边匹配晶体学模型(E2EM)建立孕育剂中CeB_(6)和NbB_(2)颗粒与α相之间的位向关系(ORs),并基于该E2EM模型揭示孕育剂对ZA22合金的细化机理。与未细化ZA22合金相比,孕育细化ZA22合金的高温阻尼性能,特别是逆共析转变阻尼峰得到显著提升。此外,孕育细化ZA22合金的室温拉伸力学性能也得到了显著提高,具有最佳细化效果的ZA22合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别比未细化ZA22合金的高18.56%和119.04%。对相关机理进行了讨论。

Improving comprehensive properties of Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn shape memory alloy by adding multi-layer graphene carried by Cu_(51)Zr_(14)inoculant particles

In order to improve the comprehensive properties of the Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn shape memory alloy(SMA),multilayer graphene(MLG)carried by Cu_(51)Zr_(14)inoculant particles was incorporated and dispersed into this alloy through preparing the preform of the cold-pressed MLG-Cu_(51)Zr_(14)composite powders.In the resultant novel MLG/Cu-Al-Mn composites,MLG in fragmented or flocculent form has a good bonding with the Cu-Al-Mn matrix.MLG can prevent the coarsening of grains of the Cu-Al-Mn SMA and cause thermal mismatch dislocations near the MLG/Cu-Al-Mn interfaces.The damping and mechanical properties of the MLG/Cu-Al-Mn composites are significantly improved.When the content of MLG reaches 0.2 wt.%,the highest room temperature damping of 0.0558,tensile strength of 801.5 MPa,elongation of 10.8%,and hardness of HV 308 can be obtained.On the basis of in-depth observation of microstructures,combined with the theory of internal friction and strengthening and toughening theories of metals,the relevant mechanisms are discussed.

High-throughput studies and machine learning for design of β titanium alloys with optimum properties

Based on experimental data,machine learning(ML) models for Young's modulus,hardness,and hot-working ability of Ti-based alloys were constructed.In the models,the interdiffusion and mechanical property data were high-throughput re-evaluated from composition variations and nanoindentation data of diffusion couples.Then,the Ti-(22±0.5)at.%Nb-(30±0.5)at.%Zr-(4±0.5)at.%Cr(TNZC) alloy with a single body-centered cubic(BCC) phase was screened in an interactive loop.The experimental results exhibited a relatively low Young's modulus of(58±4) GPa,high nanohardness of(3.4±0.2) GPa,high microhardness of HV(520±5),high compressive yield strength of(1220±18) MPa,large plastic strain greater than 30%,and superior dry-and wet-wear resistance.This work demonstrates that ML combined with high-throughput analytic approaches can offer a powerful tool to accelerate the design of multicomponent Ti alloys with desired properties.Moreover,it is indicated that TNZC alloy is an attractive candidate for biomedical applications.

Effects of electrode configuration on electroslag remelting process of M2 high-speed steel ingot

The electrode configuration determines the thermophysical field during the electroslag remelting(ESR) process and affects the final microstructure of the ingot. In this work, ingot with a diameter of 400 mm was prepared with two electrode configuration modes of single power ESR process, namely one electrode(OE) and two series-connected electrodes(TSCE). Finite element simulation was employed to calculate the electromagnetic field, flow field and temperature field of the ESR system. The results show that the temperature of the slag pool and the metal pool of the TSCE process is lower and more uniform than that of the OE process.The calculated temperature distribution of the ingot could be indirectly verified from the shape of the metal pool by the experiment. The experimental results show that the depth of the metal pool in the OE ingot is about 160 mm, while the depth of the TSCE ingot is nearly 40 mm shallower than that of the OE ingot. Microstructural comparisons indicate that coarse eutectic carbides are formed in the center of the OE ingot, whereas more even eutectic carbides appear in the center of the TSCE ingot. In general, compared with the OE process, the TSCE process is preferred to remelt high speed steel ingots.

Effect of melting rate on microsegregation and primary MC carbides in M2 high-speed steel during electroslag remelting

Large-size primary MC carbides can significantly reduce the performance of M2 high-speed steel.To better control the morphology and size of primary MC carbides,the effect of melting rate on microsegregation and primary MC carbides of M2 steel during electroslag remelting was investigated.When the melting rate is decreased from 2 kg·min^(-1) to 0.8 kg·min^(-1),the columnar dendrites are gradually coarsened,and the extent of segregation of Mo and V is alleviated,while the segregation of Cr becomes severe.At 2 kg·min^(-1),the number of primary MC carbides per unit area with the sizes in the range of 2 μm to 6 μm accounts for about 75% of all MC carbides,while the carbides are mainly concentrated on the size larger than 8 μm at 0.8 kg·min^(-1).Thermodynamic calculations based on the Clyne-Kurz (simplified to C-K) model shows that MC carbide can be precipitated in the final solidification stage and a smaller secondary dendrite arm spacing caused by higher melting rate (2 kg·min^(-1) in this experiment) facilitates the refinement of primary MC carbides.

Machine learning-based performance predictions for steels considering manufacturing process parameters:a review

Steels are widely used as structural materials,making them essential for supporting our lives and industries.However,further improving the comprehensive properties of steel through traditional trial-and-error methods becomes challenging due to the continuous development and numerous processing parameters involved in steel production.To address this challenge,the application of machine learning methods becomes crucial in establishing complex relationships between manufacturing processes and steel performance.This review begins with a general overview of machine learning methods and subsequently introduces various performance predictions in steel materials.The classification of performance pre-diction was used to assess the current application of machine learning model-assisted design.Several important issues,such as data source and characteristics,intermediate features,algorithm optimization,key feature analysis,and the role of environmental factors,were summarized and analyzed.These insights will be beneficial and enlightening to future research endeavors in this field.

Recent Progress and Development in Extrusion of Rare Earth Free Mg Alloys: A Review

Mg and its alloys are the lightest structural metals available and are extremely attractive for applications as lightweight components, particularly in the automobile, electronic, and aerospace industries. The global market for wrought Mg alloys has steadily expanded over the past decade. And numerous studies have been carried out to meet this increasing demand of high-performance Mg alloys. However, Mg extrusion alloys have had a very limited usage so far. To overcome existing industrial challenges, one desirable approach is the development of low-cost rare earth(RE) free Mg extrusion alloys with superior mechanical properties. This review will introduce the recent research highlights in the extrusion of Mg alloys, specifi cally focusing on low-cost RE-free Mg alloy. The results from both the literature and our previous study are summarized and critically reviewed. Several aspects of RE-free Mg extrusion alloys are described in detail:(1) novel alloying designs including Mg–Al-, Mg–Zn-, Mg–Ca-, Mg–Sn-, and Mg–Bi-based alloys,(2) advanced extrusion techniques, and(3) extrusion-related severe plastic deformation(SPD) processing. Accordingly, considering the large gap in mechanical properties between the current RE-free Mg alloys and high-performance aluminum alloys, new alloy design, processing route control, and recommendations for future research on RE-free Mg extrusion alloys are also proposed. We hope this review will not only off er insightful information regarding the extrusion of RE-free Mg alloys but also inspire the development of new Mg extrusion technologies.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of weld metal in laser and gas metal arc hybrid welding of 440-MPa-grade high-strength steel

Fiber laser and gas metal arc hybrid welding of 440-MPa-grade high-strength marine steel was carried out at different welding speeds.The influence of welding speed on the micro structure and mechanical properties of weld metal was investigated.The weld-metal microstructure mainly consisted of pre-eutectoid ferrite,side-plate ferrite,acicular ferrite and lath bainite at a low welding speed.With the increase in welding speed,acicular ferrite and lath bainite were the dominant weld-metal microstructures.All samples failed at the base metal during tensile tests,which indicates that there is no soft zone in the hybrid welds.The welding speed had a significant effect on the impact toughness of the weld metal.The impact absorbed energy of the weld metal increased from 35 to 105 J with the increase in welding speed from 0.8 to 2.0 m/min.Large amounts of acicular ferrite and lath bainite were formed in the weld metal at a high welding speed,which resulted in an excellent impact toughness.

Effect of Ti and rare earth on microsegregation and large-sized precipitates of H13 steel

Large-sized precipitates are fatal to the thermal fatigue of H13 hot work die steel.Different amounts of Ti and/or rare earth(RE)were added in H13 steel during electroslag remelting to improve the element segregation and refine the large-sized precipitates.The results show that as Ti content increases from 0.0032 to 0.057 wt.%,the segregation of Cr,Mo and V becomes more severe.V-rich M(C,N)carbides are shorter,and their branches are denser in 3D observation.Moreover,the number density of V-rich M(C,N)carbides with a size less than 2μm increases and that with other sizes decreases.In addition,Ti-rich MN nitrides with the size greater than 4μm increases significantly at high Ti content.When RE content increases from 0.0051 to 0.036 wt.%,the segregation of main alloying elements is first weakened and then aggravated.Compared with that in RE-free H13 steel,V-rich M(C,N)carbides are less developed in 3D observation,and the change in number density is similar to that of Ti-modified alloys.After composite modification of 0.024 wt.%Ti and 0.011 wt.%RE,the segregation of alloying element and V-rich M(C,N)carbides are not significantly improved.

Composition design of high yield strength points in single-phase Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo multi-principal element alloys system based on electronegativity,thermodynamic calculations,and machine learning

A method which combines electronegativity difference,CALculation of PHAse Diagrams(CALPHAD) and machine learning has been proposed to efficiently screen the high yield strength regions in Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo multi-component phase diagram.First,the single-phase region at a certain annealing temperature is obtained by combining CALPHAD method and machine learning,to avoid the formation of brittle phases.Then high yield strength points in the single-phase region are selected by electronegativity difference.The yield strength and plastic deformation behavior of the designed Co_(14)Cr_(30)Ni_(50)Mo_(6)alloy are measured to evaluate the proposed method.The validation experiments indicate this method is effective to predict high yield strength points in the whole compositional space.Meanwhile,the interactions between the high density of shear bands and dislocations contribute to the high ductility and good work hardening ability of Co_(14)Cr_(30)Ni_(50)Mo_(6)alloy.The method is helpful and instructive to property-oriented compositional design for multi-principal element alloys.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of nanobainitic steel subjected to multiple isothermal heat treatments

Nanostructured bainite in 62MnSiCr steel was prepared by two-stage transformation process at different temperatures for less than 2 h. Microstructures, phase distribution and mechanical properties of the obtained steel were investigated. The results showed that the thickness of bainite plate and the amount of retained austenite decreased obviously after the twostage transformation, while the carbon concentration in the retained austenite showed a small change. With increase in the second holding temperature within the bainite transformation range, all of them increased slightly. The additional formation of bainite at the second transformation stage is beneficial to refining the austenite and further enriching it with carbon, resulting in the enhancement of the mechanical stability. Bainite transformed in two-stage process showed a better comprehensive performance. Absorbed impact energy of 88 J and an ultimate tensile strength of 1818 MPa have been achieved by isothermal heat treatment at 300 ℃ followed by 260 ℃. Meanwhile, there was a slight change in mechanical properties when the second transformation temperature varied from 260 to 220 ℃.