Inappropriate tillage practices and nitrogen(N) management have become seriously limitations for maize(Zea mays L.) yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in the North China Plain(NCP). In the current study, we examined the ...Inappropriate tillage practices and nitrogen(N) management have become seriously limitations for maize(Zea mays L.) yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in the North China Plain(NCP). In the current study, we examined the effects of strip deep rotary tillage(ST) combined with controlled-release(CR) urea on maize yield and NUE, and determined the physiological factors involved in yield formation and N accumulation during a 2-year field experiment. Compared with conventional rotary tillage(RT) and no-tillage(NT), ST increased the soil water content and soil mineral N content(Nmin) in the 20–40 cm soil layer due to reduction by 10.5 and 13.7% in the soil bulk density in the 0–40 cm soil layer, respectively. Compared with the values obtained by common urea(CU) fertilization, CR increased the Nmin in the 0–40 cm soil layers by 12.4 and 10.3% at the silking and maturity stages, respectively. As a result, root length and total N accumulation were enhanced under ST and CR urea, which promoted greater leaf area and dry matter(particularly at post-silking), eventually increasing the1 000-kernel weight of maize. Thus, ST increased the maize yield by 8.3 and 11.0% compared with RT and NT, respectively, whereas CR urea increased maize yield by 8.9% above the values obtained under CU. Because of greater grain yield and N accumulation, ST combined with CR urea improved the NUE substantially. These results show that ST coupled with CR urea is an effective practice to further increase maize yield and NUE by improving soil properties and N supply, so it should be considered for sustainable maize production in the NCP(and other similar areas worldwide).展开更多
我国盐碱地分布广、面积大。在盐碱地选种有饲料价值的作物,实现种养循环,对推动我国草食畜牧业的发展及盐碱地改良具有重要意义。本研究分别在天津滨海盐碱地(NaCl型)和新疆西北内陆盐碱地(Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型)选取盐碱度差异大...我国盐碱地分布广、面积大。在盐碱地选种有饲料价值的作物,实现种养循环,对推动我国草食畜牧业的发展及盐碱地改良具有重要意义。本研究分别在天津滨海盐碱地(NaCl型)和新疆西北内陆盐碱地(Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型)选取盐碱度差异大的地块,种植具有饲料价值的玉米、高粱、小麦、谷子、大豆、油菜等大田作物,测定生物学产量、植株粗蛋白含量、钠离子、钾离子含量等指标。结果表明,在NaCl型和Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地,当其含盐量分别低于1.82 g kg^(–1)和2.00 g kg^(–1)时,各作物生物学及蛋白质产量均与常规耕地接近,可作为饲料生产基地加以利用;当Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地含盐量达2.49 g kg^(–1)时,油菜生物学及蛋白质产量均显著高于其他作物,因此可种植油菜作饲料开发利用;当NaCl型和Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地含盐量分别达3.63 g kg^(–1)和4.42 g kg^(–1)时,各作物生物学及蛋白质产量均低于常规耕地的51.72%,利用价值低,建议改良后利用。在两试验点的不同地块,油菜对土壤Na^(+)的富集量均显著高于其他作物(P<0.05),同时也显著降低了土壤全盐量和Na^(+)含量。本试验中,在含盐量分别为1.82、2.00、2.49 g kg^(–1)的地块中,油菜富集Na^(+)效果最为明显,油菜对土壤Na^(+)的富集量分别为39.45、102.24、57.19 kg hm^(-2),分别占0~20 cm耕层土壤Na^(+)的13.02%、15.99%、8.94%,盐碱地改良效果显著。上述结果为利用我国盐碱地进行草食饲料原料生产,促进草食畜牧业发展及盐碱地改良提供了参考。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071957)the Key National Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300504)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2060302-2)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02)。
文摘Inappropriate tillage practices and nitrogen(N) management have become seriously limitations for maize(Zea mays L.) yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in the North China Plain(NCP). In the current study, we examined the effects of strip deep rotary tillage(ST) combined with controlled-release(CR) urea on maize yield and NUE, and determined the physiological factors involved in yield formation and N accumulation during a 2-year field experiment. Compared with conventional rotary tillage(RT) and no-tillage(NT), ST increased the soil water content and soil mineral N content(Nmin) in the 20–40 cm soil layer due to reduction by 10.5 and 13.7% in the soil bulk density in the 0–40 cm soil layer, respectively. Compared with the values obtained by common urea(CU) fertilization, CR increased the Nmin in the 0–40 cm soil layers by 12.4 and 10.3% at the silking and maturity stages, respectively. As a result, root length and total N accumulation were enhanced under ST and CR urea, which promoted greater leaf area and dry matter(particularly at post-silking), eventually increasing the1 000-kernel weight of maize. Thus, ST increased the maize yield by 8.3 and 11.0% compared with RT and NT, respectively, whereas CR urea increased maize yield by 8.9% above the values obtained under CU. Because of greater grain yield and N accumulation, ST combined with CR urea improved the NUE substantially. These results show that ST coupled with CR urea is an effective practice to further increase maize yield and NUE by improving soil properties and N supply, so it should be considered for sustainable maize production in the NCP(and other similar areas worldwide).
文摘我国盐碱地分布广、面积大。在盐碱地选种有饲料价值的作物,实现种养循环,对推动我国草食畜牧业的发展及盐碱地改良具有重要意义。本研究分别在天津滨海盐碱地(NaCl型)和新疆西北内陆盐碱地(Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型)选取盐碱度差异大的地块,种植具有饲料价值的玉米、高粱、小麦、谷子、大豆、油菜等大田作物,测定生物学产量、植株粗蛋白含量、钠离子、钾离子含量等指标。结果表明,在NaCl型和Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地,当其含盐量分别低于1.82 g kg^(–1)和2.00 g kg^(–1)时,各作物生物学及蛋白质产量均与常规耕地接近,可作为饲料生产基地加以利用;当Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地含盐量达2.49 g kg^(–1)时,油菜生物学及蛋白质产量均显著高于其他作物,因此可种植油菜作饲料开发利用;当NaCl型和Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaHCO_(3)型盐碱地含盐量分别达3.63 g kg^(–1)和4.42 g kg^(–1)时,各作物生物学及蛋白质产量均低于常规耕地的51.72%,利用价值低,建议改良后利用。在两试验点的不同地块,油菜对土壤Na^(+)的富集量均显著高于其他作物(P<0.05),同时也显著降低了土壤全盐量和Na^(+)含量。本试验中,在含盐量分别为1.82、2.00、2.49 g kg^(–1)的地块中,油菜富集Na^(+)效果最为明显,油菜对土壤Na^(+)的富集量分别为39.45、102.24、57.19 kg hm^(-2),分别占0~20 cm耕层土壤Na^(+)的13.02%、15.99%、8.94%,盐碱地改良效果显著。上述结果为利用我国盐碱地进行草食饲料原料生产,促进草食畜牧业发展及盐碱地改良提供了参考。