Effect of Acid and Alkali Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Caragana versicolor

With seeds of Caragana versicolor in Purang County, Tibet as the materials, the seed germination and seedling growth of C. versicolor were measured under acid and alkali stress, and the soil acidity and alkalinity for normal growth and development of C. versicolor were determined, so as to provide the theoretical basis for cultivation of C. versicolor in acidified or alkaline soil. The results showed that the seed germination of C. versicolor was promoted when treated by strong acid (pH 3) and strong alkali (pH 11) solutions, and the seedling effect was good. The results also indicated that C. versicolor was a kind of plant with strong acid and alkali resistance, suitable for cultivation in acid and alkali soil areas.

不同浓度的NaHCO_3对唐古特大黄种子萌发的影响

为探明唐古特大黄种子在不同浓度NaHCO_3处理条件下的萌发特性,采用不同浓度的NaHCO_3溶液对唐古特大黄种子进行分别处理,研究不同浓度NaHCO_3溶液对唐古特大黄种子发芽数、发芽率、胚芽长度等的影响。研究结果表明:唐古特大黄种子对NaHCO_3溶液处理表现出低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的特点,低浓度NaHCO_3溶液处理下的唐古特大黄种子萌发指标甚至高于对照。唐古特大黄种子对不同浓度NaHCO_3溶液的耐受性不同,不同浓度NaHCO_3溶液对种子萌发的抑制程度依次为:B﹥A﹥CK﹥C﹥D。

不同栽培料配方对大球盖菇生长及产量的影响

为了研究不同栽培料配方对大球盖菇生长及产量的影响,以甘南高原当周沟草原野生大球盖菇为试验材料,克隆制得栽培种,采用田间双因素区组法,通过不同栽培料配方,测定大球盖菇菌帽厚度、菌帽周长、菌柄长度、菌柄周长、单株鲜重、单株干重、小区产量等形态指标,来研究不同栽培料配方对大球盖菇生长及产量的影响。研究结果表明,20%青稞秸秆+60%玉米秸秆+18%麸皮+2%石灰这一栽培料配方对大球盖菇的生长和产量是最佳的,当栽培料用量为5kg/m^2时生物转化率是最高的,投入产出比达到最大,这一研究结果为进一步确定大球盖菇生长的最佳栽培料配方提供理论依据,与此同时也为大球盖菇的高产提供科学基础。

我国根系生态学研究文献分析

以"根系生态学"为主题词,检索得到1960~2017年我国大陆地区根系生态学学者发表的相关文献,对文献发文量、期刊分布、隶属机构和研究内容和对象4个方面进行统计分析,得到关于我国根系生态学研究发展历程和现状的几点认识。(1)我国根系生态学研究按发文量状况可大致划分为3个阶段:1960~2002年,根系生态相关研究较少,基本处于引进、吸收阶段;2003~2011年,文献发文量显著增长,我国根系生态学学科逐渐成熟并发展壮大;2012年至今,文献发文量相对比较稳定,根系生态学科水平从平稳向创新的方向发展。(2)我国根系生态学研究文献发表刊物以农业、生态、林业和干旱区研究领域刊物为主,影响因子高低差别悬殊,我国暂时未发行根系生态学专业期刊。(3)根系生态学研究机构主要为以东北林业大学、河南农业大学、北京林业大学和甘肃农业大学为代表的高校和以中国科学院植物研究所和中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所为代表的中国科学院研究所,对不同类型根系展开深入研究。(4)我国根系生态学研究内容主要包括学科理论与技术方法、根系生理-生态过程-生态效应的相互作用机制、根系生态学的应用研究等,其研究主题包括林木、作物、根系生产、根系死亡、生理生态效应等众多方面,其研究范式正经历着从"生理-过程-特性"向"生理-过程-效应"的变化过程。

雅鲁藏布江中上游典型植物群落维管植物资源研究

【目的】通过对雅鲁藏布江中上游流域植物资源的调查,旨在为该区植物资源的综合开发和保护提供理论基础。【方法】以雅鲁藏布江中上游流域为研究区,运用样方(线)法对样地植物群落进行实地调查,结合相关文献,对该区雅鲁藏布江中上游维管植物进行植物资源研究。【结果】该区共有维管植物34科68属96种(包括亚种、变种),分别占西藏和全国维管植物科、属、种总数的16.83%、5.48%、1.66%和11.63%、2.02%、0.31%;该区维管植物生长型以草本植物为主,植物生活型以地上芽和地面芽植物占相对优势,生态类型以中生植物分布占一定优势。该区共有药用植物48种、绿化观赏植物40种、饲用植物25种、其他经济植物(材料植物、食用植物、能源植物、种质植物、有毒植物等)23种,同时分布有国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物4种。【结论】该区植物类群相对匮乏,但植物资源丰富,应科学开发利用植物资源,并加强对珍稀植物的保护管理措施。

西藏不同居群变色锦鸡儿生长特征研究

为了分析变色锦鸡儿地上与地下部形态特征、生物量特征和生物量资源分配,探明变色锦鸡儿的生长特征,试验选择西藏3个居群变色锦鸡儿进行野外观测,并取样测定株高、冠幅、基径、生物量。结果表明:变色锦鸡儿不同居群间地上与地下部形态特征存在较大差异,冠幅和基径差异显著(P<0.05);地上与地下部形态特征均有一定变异,株高、冠幅、基径、一级分枝数、一级侧根数的变异系数在17.43%~68.46%之间。不同居群间,生物量特征也存在较大差异,叶生物量、茎生物量、根生物量和总生物量均差异显著(P<0.05);生物量特征存在较大变异,叶生物量、茎生物量、根生物量和总生物量的变异系数均超过56%。不同居群间,生物量资源分配明显不同,茎生物量分配、根生物量分配、茎叶比和根冠比均差异显著(P<0.05);生物量资源分配也存在一定变异,叶生物量分配、茎生物量分配、根生物量分配、茎叶比和根冠比的变异系数在8.86%~51.74%之间。冠幅、基径、茎生物量、总生物量和根生物量分配同纬度或经度呈显著或极显著相关关系(P<0.05或P<0.01)。

Photoresponse Process and Model Comparison of Paeonia ludlowii under Saline-alkali Stress

The research aimed to analyze changes in photosynthetic characteristics of Paeonia ludlowii under saline-alkali stress, and annual seedlings of P. ludlowii were taken as the materials. Photoresponse process of P. ludlowii leaves under saline-alkali stress was simulated, and different models were used to fit photoresponse curve. The results showed that P n of P. ludlowii leaves showed the trend of first rising and then declining with PAR increased under saline-alkali stress;both G s and T r showed a rising trend with PAR increased;C i showed the trend of first declining and then rising with PAR increased. Photoresponse curve fitted by modified rectangular hyperbolic model had the best effect, and it was the optimal fitting model. P. ludlowii could adapt to saline-alkali stress in lower concentration, showing that P. ludlowii could be introduced and cultivated in saline-alkali land at a lower level.

Floristic Study of Vascular Plants in Typical Plant Communities in the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

[Objective] Species composition and flora of vascular plants in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River were analyzed,to provide scientific basis for the estimation and protection of plant diversity,construction of ecological security shelter for the Tibetan Plateau.[Methods] In the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River,quadrat (line transect) method was applied to investigate the phytocoenoses in sample plots,and relative literature was used to analyze the floristic composition and floristic element of vascular plants in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River.[Results]① There are 96 species (including subspecies and variations),69 genera of 35 vascular plant families,accounting for 16.83%,5.48%,1.66% and 11.63%,2.02%,0.31% of total vascular plant families,genera and species in Tibet and China.② There are 24 monotypic-genus families,accounting for 68.57% of the total family number in the local area;22 monotypic-species families,accounting for 62.86% of the total family number in the local area.Local flora shows the characteristics of ancient relict,such as Euphorbiaceae,Rubiaceae,Liliaceae and Ranunculaceae,they are all ancient primitive groups of the third flora and the fourth flora.③ Local vascular plant genera fall into 10 areal types and 8 variations.④ Temperate elements are much more than tropical elements,R/T is 0.19,indicating that vascular plants have typical temperate nature and residual tropical nature.There are only a few endemic genera,but more endemic species to the local area,and these species are closely related,of which there are some transitional species,indicating that local flora is too young to experience more differentiation and specialization.⑤ There are 24 Chinese endemic species,accounting for 25% of total number of species in the local area;among which there are 12 endemic species to Tibet,accounting for 50% of endemic species to China,12.5% of total number of species in the local area.Four key wild plant species are included in the second batch of national key protection.[Conclusions]① There are scarce plant groups in the local area.② Among the obvious advantages,single-genus (species) families possess the absolute advantage,and the flora has ancient origins.③ The local flora has diversified distribution types,and the complicated geographical elements.④ Temperate species possess obvious advantages,and the flora is young.⑤ Rich unique and rare species have high species diversity protection and research value.