Urbanization often changes bird species richness and affects the functional diversity.Therefore,understanding these changes helps city planners improve green space design and land use planning.Our study used multiple ...Urbanization often changes bird species richness and affects the functional diversity.Therefore,understanding these changes helps city planners improve green space design and land use planning.Our study used multiple datasets to explore the effects of land-scape patterns and natural environments on the functional diversity of birds in urban parks and campuses in the eastern and northwest-ern regions of China.Firstly,we used the data to calculate birds of the functional richness(FRic),functional evenness(FEve),and func-tional divergence(FDiv)of 68 urban spaces in the eastern and northwestern regions of China.Further,we established generalized linear models of natural factors,human factors,and functional diversity.Results showed more bird species with unique traits were in the north-western region.This may be because the earlier urbanization in the eastern region filtered out urban-sensitive species,leaving behind urban adapters.Moreover,we found that the fractal dimension index was the most significant positive factor of FRic in the eastern re-gion but the most significant negative factor of FDiv.Elevation was the most significant negative influence factor of FEve in the eastern region,but it was the most potent positive influence factor of FRic in the northwestern region.Population density had a significant posit-ive effect on FDiv in the northwestern region.However,green space areas significantly negatively impacted FEve in the northwestern region.In addition,birds in parks in both regions had more functional traits than those on campuses,possibly because of the larger green space in parks,which may contain more fragments of native vegetation and reduce human interference.Our study suggests that pre-serving more original vegetation and reducing human disturbance in cities can increase the functional diversity of urban birds and im-prove urban ecosystem functions.展开更多
Microplastic(MP)pollution,a global environmental problem,has been recently studied in marine and freshwater environments.However,our understanding of MP effect on terrestrial ecosystems,especially carbon(C)and nitroge...Microplastic(MP)pollution,a global environmental problem,has been recently studied in marine and freshwater environments.However,our understanding of MP effect on terrestrial ecosystems,especially carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)turnover remains poor.This review summarizes the sources and distribution characteristics of MPs in terrestrial ecosystems and explores their effects on soil properties,plant growth,C and N turnover.Once entering the terrestrial ecosystem,MPs could involve in sequestrating carbon and nitrogen by changing soil properties(e.g.,pH,soil aggregate stability,and soil porosity).MPs could exert direct influences on plants or on soil physical environment and microbial metabolic environment to indirectly affect plant growth,thus altering the quantity and quality of soil C and N inputs by shifts in plant litter and roots.The changes of the dominant bacteria phyla,related functional genes,and enzymes caused by MP pollution could affect C and N cycles.Additionally,the MP effect varies with its properties(e.g.,types,shapes,elemental composition,functional groups,released additives).Future researches should unify the standard system of MP separation,detection,and reveal the ecological effects of MPs,especially their impacts on terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles in the context of climate changes.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.CAAS-STNY-2024)。
文摘Urbanization often changes bird species richness and affects the functional diversity.Therefore,understanding these changes helps city planners improve green space design and land use planning.Our study used multiple datasets to explore the effects of land-scape patterns and natural environments on the functional diversity of birds in urban parks and campuses in the eastern and northwest-ern regions of China.Firstly,we used the data to calculate birds of the functional richness(FRic),functional evenness(FEve),and func-tional divergence(FDiv)of 68 urban spaces in the eastern and northwestern regions of China.Further,we established generalized linear models of natural factors,human factors,and functional diversity.Results showed more bird species with unique traits were in the north-western region.This may be because the earlier urbanization in the eastern region filtered out urban-sensitive species,leaving behind urban adapters.Moreover,we found that the fractal dimension index was the most significant positive factor of FRic in the eastern re-gion but the most significant negative factor of FDiv.Elevation was the most significant negative influence factor of FEve in the eastern region,but it was the most potent positive influence factor of FRic in the northwestern region.Population density had a significant posit-ive effect on FDiv in the northwestern region.However,green space areas significantly negatively impacted FEve in the northwestern region.In addition,birds in parks in both regions had more functional traits than those on campuses,possibly because of the larger green space in parks,which may contain more fragments of native vegetation and reduce human interference.Our study suggests that pre-serving more original vegetation and reducing human disturbance in cities can increase the functional diversity of urban birds and im-prove urban ecosystem functions.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1700900)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(2022-jbkyywf-wll)Cooperative Innovation Project of International Cooperation Program of CAAS(2022-wll).
文摘Microplastic(MP)pollution,a global environmental problem,has been recently studied in marine and freshwater environments.However,our understanding of MP effect on terrestrial ecosystems,especially carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)turnover remains poor.This review summarizes the sources and distribution characteristics of MPs in terrestrial ecosystems and explores their effects on soil properties,plant growth,C and N turnover.Once entering the terrestrial ecosystem,MPs could involve in sequestrating carbon and nitrogen by changing soil properties(e.g.,pH,soil aggregate stability,and soil porosity).MPs could exert direct influences on plants or on soil physical environment and microbial metabolic environment to indirectly affect plant growth,thus altering the quantity and quality of soil C and N inputs by shifts in plant litter and roots.The changes of the dominant bacteria phyla,related functional genes,and enzymes caused by MP pollution could affect C and N cycles.Additionally,the MP effect varies with its properties(e.g.,types,shapes,elemental composition,functional groups,released additives).Future researches should unify the standard system of MP separation,detection,and reveal the ecological effects of MPs,especially their impacts on terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles in the context of climate changes.
