新能源存储与转换技术的开发与利用是全球关注的热点问题,也是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径。锂离子电池具有高工作电压、高能量密度、环保等优点,是减少碳排放的有效途径。与凝胶聚合物电解质相比,锂单离子全固态聚合物电解质(single li...新能源存储与转换技术的开发与利用是全球关注的热点问题,也是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径。锂离子电池具有高工作电压、高能量密度、环保等优点,是减少碳排放的有效途径。与凝胶聚合物电解质相比,锂单离子全固态聚合物电解质(single lithium-ion conducting all-solid-state polymer electrolytes,SLIC ASPEs)在安全性、稳定性、电池效率等方面具有明显优势。为了探索新型SLIC ASPEs合成的新途径,以甲基丙烯酰氯、对溴苯酚和2(2碘四氟乙氧基)四氟乙基磺酰氟为初始原料,通过亲核取代反应和乌尔曼反应,合成了一种含全氟磺酸锂的新型甲基丙烯酯单体(MA PSF Li),通过自由基共聚合反应得到新型交联型SLIC ASPEs(PMAPEO co PMA PSF Li x,x为单体MA PSF Li与p BP MA的投料量比),利用核磁共振光谱表征了单体的结构,考察了PMAPEO co PMA PSF Li x膜的热稳定性、微相结构、离子传导率和机械强度等性能。结果表明:PMAPEO co PMA PSF Li 30膜的热分解温度为220℃,离子电导率达到29.5 mS/cm,抗拉强度为43 MPa。展开更多
For super high-rise buildings, the vibration period of the basic mode is several seconds, and it is very close to the period of the fluctuating wind. The damping of super high-rise buildings is low, so super high-rise...For super high-rise buildings, the vibration period of the basic mode is several seconds, and it is very close to the period of the fluctuating wind. The damping of super high-rise buildings is low, so super high-rise buildings are very sensitive to fluctuating wind. The wind load is one of the key loads in the design of super high-rise buildings. It is known that only the basic mode is needed in the wind-response analysis of tall buildings. However, for super high-rise buildings, especially for the acceleration response, because of the frequency amplification of the high modes, the high modes and the mode coupling may need to be considered. Three typical super high-rise projects with the SMPSS in wind tunnel tests and the random vibration theory method were used to analyze the effect of high modes on the wind-induced response. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. First, for the displacement response, the basic mode is dominant, and the high modes can be neglected. Second, for the acceleration response, the high modes and the mode coupling should be considered. Lastly, the strain energy of modes can only give the vibration energy distribution of the high-rise building, and it cannot describe the local wind-induced vibration of high-rise buildings, especially for the top acceleration response.展开更多
在光伏发电单元并联接入电网的背景下,最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)控制引起的直流侧电压振荡导致低频间谐波电流问题日益严重,极大影响了电能质量。对此,介绍了多个光伏发电单元并联入网的常见形式,建立了含2个...在光伏发电单元并联接入电网的背景下,最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)控制引起的直流侧电压振荡导致低频间谐波电流问题日益严重,极大影响了电能质量。对此,介绍了多个光伏发电单元并联入网的常见形式,建立了含2个光伏单元并联接入电网的模型;然后,利用扰动式MPPT振荡特性建立了间谐波电流模型,分析了扰动步长对光伏并网系统间谐波特性的影响,并定义了间谐波含有率;接着,提出了一种基于直流侧电压等效补偿的光伏并网系统间谐波电流抑制方法,该方法使得多个并联光伏发电单元直流电压振荡相互抵消,兼具MPPT动态性能和抑制效果。最后,通过仿真分析验证了所提方法在降低光伏并网间谐波电流幅值、提高电能质量方面的有效性。展开更多
Aerosol optical depths (AODs) from MODIS and MISR onboard the Terra satellite are assessed by comparison with measurements from four AERONET sites located in northern China for the period 2006-2009. The results show t...Aerosol optical depths (AODs) from MODIS and MISR onboard the Terra satellite are assessed by comparison with measurements from four AERONET sites located in northern China for the period 2006-2009. The results show that MISR performs better than MODIS at the SACOL and Beijing sites. For the Xianghe and Xinglong sites, MODIS AOD retrievals are better than those of MISR. Overall, the relative error of the Angstrom exponent from MISR compared with AERONET is about 14%, but the MODIS error can reach 30%. Thus, it may be better to use the MISR Angstrom exponent to derive wavelength-dependent AOD values when calculating the aerosol radiative forcing in a radiative transfer model. Seasonal analysis of AOD over most of China shows two main areas with high aerosol loading: the Taklimakan Desert region and the southern part of North China and northern part of East China. The locations of these two areas of high aerosol loading do not change with season, but the AOD values have significant seasonal variation. The largest AOD value in the Taklimakan appears in spring when the Angstrom exponents are the lowest, which means the particle radii are relatively large. Over North and East China, the highest aerosol loading appears in summer. The aerosol particles are smallest in summer over both high-AOD areas.展开更多
文摘新能源存储与转换技术的开发与利用是全球关注的热点问题,也是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径。锂离子电池具有高工作电压、高能量密度、环保等优点,是减少碳排放的有效途径。与凝胶聚合物电解质相比,锂单离子全固态聚合物电解质(single lithium-ion conducting all-solid-state polymer electrolytes,SLIC ASPEs)在安全性、稳定性、电池效率等方面具有明显优势。为了探索新型SLIC ASPEs合成的新途径,以甲基丙烯酰氯、对溴苯酚和2(2碘四氟乙氧基)四氟乙基磺酰氟为初始原料,通过亲核取代反应和乌尔曼反应,合成了一种含全氟磺酸锂的新型甲基丙烯酯单体(MA PSF Li),通过自由基共聚合反应得到新型交联型SLIC ASPEs(PMAPEO co PMA PSF Li x,x为单体MA PSF Li与p BP MA的投料量比),利用核磁共振光谱表征了单体的结构,考察了PMAPEO co PMA PSF Li x膜的热稳定性、微相结构、离子传导率和机械强度等性能。结果表明:PMAPEO co PMA PSF Li 30膜的热分解温度为220℃,离子电导率达到29.5 mS/cm,抗拉强度为43 MPa。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.50908044 Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.SBK201123270 a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and StateKey Lab of Subtropical Building Science,South China University of Technology Under Grant No.2011KA05
文摘For super high-rise buildings, the vibration period of the basic mode is several seconds, and it is very close to the period of the fluctuating wind. The damping of super high-rise buildings is low, so super high-rise buildings are very sensitive to fluctuating wind. The wind load is one of the key loads in the design of super high-rise buildings. It is known that only the basic mode is needed in the wind-response analysis of tall buildings. However, for super high-rise buildings, especially for the acceleration response, because of the frequency amplification of the high modes, the high modes and the mode coupling may need to be considered. Three typical super high-rise projects with the SMPSS in wind tunnel tests and the random vibration theory method were used to analyze the effect of high modes on the wind-induced response. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. First, for the displacement response, the basic mode is dominant, and the high modes can be neglected. Second, for the acceleration response, the high modes and the mode coupling should be considered. Lastly, the strain energy of modes can only give the vibration energy distribution of the high-rise building, and it cannot describe the local wind-induced vibration of high-rise buildings, especially for the top acceleration response.
文摘在光伏发电单元并联接入电网的背景下,最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)控制引起的直流侧电压振荡导致低频间谐波电流问题日益严重,极大影响了电能质量。对此,介绍了多个光伏发电单元并联入网的常见形式,建立了含2个光伏单元并联接入电网的模型;然后,利用扰动式MPPT振荡特性建立了间谐波电流模型,分析了扰动步长对光伏并网系统间谐波特性的影响,并定义了间谐波含有率;接着,提出了一种基于直流侧电压等效补偿的光伏并网系统间谐波电流抑制方法,该方法使得多个并联光伏发电单元直流电压振荡相互抵消,兼具MPPT动态性能和抑制效果。最后,通过仿真分析验证了所提方法在降低光伏并网间谐波电流幅值、提高电能质量方面的有效性。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (2012CB955302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41105019 and 41175042)+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20110211120021)the Fundamental Research Fund for Central Uni versities (lzujbky-2011-4)
文摘Aerosol optical depths (AODs) from MODIS and MISR onboard the Terra satellite are assessed by comparison with measurements from four AERONET sites located in northern China for the period 2006-2009. The results show that MISR performs better than MODIS at the SACOL and Beijing sites. For the Xianghe and Xinglong sites, MODIS AOD retrievals are better than those of MISR. Overall, the relative error of the Angstrom exponent from MISR compared with AERONET is about 14%, but the MODIS error can reach 30%. Thus, it may be better to use the MISR Angstrom exponent to derive wavelength-dependent AOD values when calculating the aerosol radiative forcing in a radiative transfer model. Seasonal analysis of AOD over most of China shows two main areas with high aerosol loading: the Taklimakan Desert region and the southern part of North China and northern part of East China. The locations of these two areas of high aerosol loading do not change with season, but the AOD values have significant seasonal variation. The largest AOD value in the Taklimakan appears in spring when the Angstrom exponents are the lowest, which means the particle radii are relatively large. Over North and East China, the highest aerosol loading appears in summer. The aerosol particles are smallest in summer over both high-AOD areas.
