以7种不同甲状腺影像报告和数据系统鉴别桥本甲状腺炎背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节

目的比较7种不同甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(TI-RADS)用于鉴别桥本甲状腺炎(HT)背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节的价值。方法纳入200例HT患者共338个甲状腺结节,良性167个、恶性171个。分别采用Kwak-TIRADS、美国甲状腺学会(ATA)指南、美国临床内分泌医师协会(AACE)/美国内分泌协会(ACE)/意大利内分泌协会(AME)指南、韩国甲状腺放射学会K-TIRADS、欧洲甲状腺协会EU-TIRADS、美国放射协会(ACR)-TIRADS、中华医学会超声医学分会浅表器官和血管组《2020甲状腺结节超声恶性危险分层的中国指南》(C-TIRADS)对甲状腺结节进行分类;以病理结果为金标准,评估各TI-RADS的诊断效能。结果Kwak-TIRADS、ATA指南、AACE/ACE/AME指南、K-TIRADS、EU-TIRADS、ACR-TIRADS及C-TIRADS鉴别HT背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节的敏感度分别为97.08%、98.25%、99.42%、95.91%、99.42%、90.06%及99.42%,特异度依次为88.02%、83.23%、82.04%、88.02%、82.04%、86.83%及84.43%,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.946、0.913、0.907、0.934、0.909、0.916及0.960。C-TIRADS、EU-TIRADS及AACE/ACE/AME指南的敏感度均高于K-TIRADS和ACR-TIRADS(P均<0.05),Kawk-TIRADS和K-TIRADS的特异度均高于C-TIRADS、ATA指南、EU-TIRADS及AACE/ACE/AME指南(P均<0.05),C-TIRADS和Kawk-TIRADS的AUC均高于其他TI-RADS(P均<0.05)。以Kwak-TIRADS、ATA指南、AACE/ACE/AME指南、K-TIRADS、EU-TIRADS、ACR-TIRADS、C-TIRADS鉴别HT背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节,同一TI-RADS中各等级结节恶性率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),且结节恶性率均随TI-RADS分类等级增高而上升。结论C-TIRADS和Kawk-TIRADS鉴别HT背景下甲状腺良、恶性结节具有较高价值;其中,C-TIRADS敏感度较高,Kawk-TIRADS特异度较高。

甲状腺乳头状癌临床、多模态超声及病理学特征与BRAF V600E突变的相关性

目的观察甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)临床、多模态超声及病理学特征与BRAF V600E突变的相关性。方法前瞻性收集临床疑诊甲状腺恶性病变患者,获取病理学及基因检测结果后,根据BRAF V600E基因检测结果将PTC分为BRAF V600E突变(+)(突变组)和BRAF V600E突变(-)(野生型组);以单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析组间临床、常规超声、超声造影(CEUS)及病理学表现,筛选PTC BRAF V600E基因突变的独立预测因素。结果共纳入116例PTC患者(116个病灶),包括突变组77例、野生型组39例。组间甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPO-Ab)水平,常规超声所示病灶大小、方位、边缘、微钙化,CEUS显示增强后病灶大小变化、平均通过时间(MTT),以及病理学显示被膜外侵犯、颈部中央区淋巴结转移及合并良性结节占比差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);其中,TPO-Ab、多模态超声所示病灶方位及增强后病灶大小变化、病理学颈部中央区淋巴结转移均为PTC BRAF V600E基因突变的独立预测因素(OR=0.175、3.868、5.769、6.943,P均<0.05)。结论患者TPO-Ab水平,多模态超声所示病灶方位、增强后病灶大小变化及病理学显示颈部中央区淋巴结转移均与PTC BRAF V600E基因突变独立相关。

基于简化的甲状腺影像报告和数据系统预测甲状腺癌被膜侵犯

目的通过简化甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(TI-RADS)的赋值过程并提出新的分级系统,探讨简化的TI-RADS(sTIRADS)预测甲状腺癌被膜侵犯的可行性。资料与方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年1月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院749个甲状腺结节的超声声像图,根据病理结果分为良性组230个、恶性组519个。收集两组超声征象,并计算OR值(OR>1赋值1分,OR<1赋值0分),使用受试者工作特征曲线评价sTI-RADS鉴别良、恶性结节的效能;根据手术结果筛选出明确记录与被膜有关系的265例恶性结节并分为有被膜侵犯组67例和无被膜侵犯组198例,对两组患者超声及临床资料进行单因素及Logistic回归分析。结果749例甲状腺结节赋值为0、1、2、3、4、5分对应的恶性率分别为1.52%、7.69%、38.24%、76.00%、90.75%、93.75%;以≥3分作为诊断甲状腺恶性结节的临界值时,敏感度和特异度分别为94.03%和67.39%;sTI-RADS分级为:3级,0分,恶性率<2%;4a级,1分,恶性率2%~10%;4b级,2分,恶性率10%~50%;4c级,3分,恶性率50%~90%;5级,4分或5分,恶性率>90%。有被膜侵犯组和无被膜侵犯组常规超声见被膜受累与sTI-RADS分级差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)/t=12.88、-1.26,P≤0.2);常规超声见被膜受累是甲状腺癌被膜侵犯的独立预测因素(P<0.01),sTI-RADS不是甲状腺癌被膜侵犯的独立预测因素(P=0.80)。结论sTI-RADS在甲状腺良、恶性结节鉴别诊断中具有较高效能,甲状腺癌被膜侵犯组中sTI-RADS分级更高,而常规超声见被膜受累是甲状腺癌被膜侵犯的独立预测因素。

在硫化钼基面上调控原子级协同活性中心用于碱氢演化反应

电解水技术是一种生产高纯氢燃料的方法,能够增强可再生能源发电系统的消纳能力.相较于质子交换膜(PEM)电解槽,碱性(ALK)电解槽可以使用非贵金属基催化电极,拥有更高的经济效益和市场占有率.然而,由于ALK电解槽处于质子稀缺环境,阴极氢气演化反应(HER)动力学变得更加复杂,需要快速解离水分子提供动态质子微环境.硫化钼(MoS_(2))纳米片边缘具有合适的质子吸附和演化的活性位点,是制备HER催化剂的潜力材料.但其二维基面原子由于配位饱和,显示出较弱的质子吸附能力.如何调控MoS_(2)基面以实现水解动力与质子吸附演化动力的集成,提升MoS_(2)纳米片的碱性HER活性,具有重要的科学和应用意义.本文提出了一种Co/O双原子植入策略,精准调控双活性位点及其电子结构,实现了水解离动力和质子吸附演化动力的高效耦联.首先,利用刻蚀和电沉积的两步实验法,在MoS_(2)基面上成功引入O和Co原子;随后,结合高分辨透射电镜、高角环形暗场-扫描透射电子显微镜、同步辐射X射线吸收精细结构谱等表征分析技术,精准识别了掺杂Co/O原子的位置和配位情况:O原子替换部分S原子,Co原子占据Mo原子的上方,构建出立体凸起的“O-Co-S_(2)”配位构型.催化在线的原位表征分析结果表明:该独特的“O-Co-S_(2)”原子基序发挥着水解离与氢演化反应协同催化效应.密度泛函理论计算结果也证实了该协同机制,其中Co位点促进水的解离反应,而S位点则有助于质子的转化生成氢气.因此,Co/O掺杂MoS_(2)催化剂(Co-O@MoS_(2))表现出较好的碱性HER活性:仅需81 mV的过电位,即可达到100 mA cm^(‒2)的电流密度,Tafel斜率低至42 mV dec^(‒1),在600 mA cm^(‒2)的高电流密度测试中运行300 h活性无衰减.上述碱性HER性能不仅远高于原始的MoS_(2)纳米片,而且也领先于部分已报道结果.综上所述,本文在MoS_(2)基面上构筑了原子级协同催化活性中心,显著促进了碱性HER反应性能,为原子活化工程开发先进催化剂提供参考,在原子级基序构造、表征和功能分析方面提供借鉴.

Time since fire affects ecological stoichiometry of plant-soil-microbial systems of Betula platyphylla, a pioneer species in burnt areas of China’s boreal forest

Plant stoichiometry and nutrient allocation may reflect adaptation strategies to environmental nutrient changes.Fire,as a major disturbance in forests,mediates soil nutrient availability that may influence plant nutrient dynamics.However,plant–soil stoichiometric allocation strategies during different post-fire periods and the effects of soil,enzymes,and microbial biomass on plant stoichiom-etry are largely unknown.The pioneer tree species Betula platyphylla in burnt forests of northern China was the object of this study,and severely burned areas selected with dif-ferent fire years.Nearby unburned areas acted as a control.Carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)contents in leaves,branches,and fine roots and rhizosphere soil,C-,N-and P-acquiring enzyme activities were examined.Microbial biomass C,N,and P were measured,and factors influenc-ing C:N:P stoichiometry of plants during the burned area restoration were explored.Our results show that C and N contents in leaves increased with time since fire,while C and P in branches and C,N and P in fine roots decreased.Activities of C-,N-,and P-acquiring enzymes and microbial biomass N increased with time since fire.Redundancy analy-sis showed that changes in soil N-acquiring enzyme activity,microbial biomass C,and N had significant effects on plant ecological stoichiometry.These results show a significant flexibility in plant nutrient element allocation strategies and C:N:P stoichiometric characteristics.Soil extracellular enzyme activity drives the changes in stoichiometry during the process of post-fire restoration.

Palladium single atoms from melting nanoparticles on WO_(3-x) for boosted hydrogen evolution reaction

Surface-supported isolated atoms in single-atom catalysts(SACs)grant maximum utilization of metals in heterogeneous catalysis.Herein,we report a feasible pyrolysis strategy to synthesize Pd single atoms by thermally melting Pd nanoparticles on an oxygen-vacancy-rich tungsten-oxide matrix at reduction atmosphere.Near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to monitor the formation of zero-valence Pd single atoms and the increased metallic feature of WO_(3-x)substrate.Accordingly,the as-obtained zero-valence Pd single-atom catalyst exhibits a markedly boosted HER activity with a low overpotential(η_(10)=70 mV)at the current density of 10 mA/cm2and a small Tafel slope(b=68 mV/dec),nearly 150 mV and a 3,0-fold enhancement than those of Pd nanoparticles(η_(10)=220 mV,b=133 mV/dec)under the same conditions.In addition,quasi in situ XPS results suggest the hydrogen spillover effect is more likely to occur on Pd single atoms during the electrochemical process.Our work may pave an interesting route for the rational design of highly-efficient single-atom catalysts,and the elucidation of corresponding enhanced reaction mechanisms by the utilization of advanced characterization techniques.

Serological Investigation into the Infected Genotypes of Patients with Japanese Encephalitis in the Coastal Provinces of China

Objective Genotypes(G)1,3,and 5 of the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)have been isolated in China,but the dominant genotype circulating in Chinese coastal areas remains unknown.We searched for G5 JEV-infected cases and attempted to elucidate which JEV genotype was most closely related to human Japanese encephalitis(JE)in the coastal provinces of China.Methods In this study,we collected serum specimens from patients with JE in three coastal provinces of China(Guangdong,Zhejiang,and Shandong)from 2018 to 2020 and conducted JEV cross-neutralization tests against G1,G3,and G5.Results Acute serum specimens from clinically reported JE cases were obtained for laboratory confirmation from hospitals in Shandong(92 patients),Zhejiang(192 patients),and Guangdong(77 patients),China,from 2018 to 2020.Seventy of the 361 serum specimens were laboratory-confirmed to be infected with JEV.Two cases were confirmed to be infected with G1 JEV,32 with G3 JEV,and two with G5 JEV.Conclusion G3 was the primary infection genotype among JE cases with a definite infection genotype,and the infection caused by G5 JEV was confirmed serologically in China.

Waste Mg alloys hydrogen production from seawater:An integrative overview of medium optimization,hydrogen-producing materials,underlying mechanisms,innovative technologies,and device development

In response to global carbon neutrality targets,there is an urgent need for large-scale,clean hydrogen production technologies to supplant fossil fuels and underpin the establishment of a‘hydrogen economy’.The prospect of large-scale on-site green hydrolysis of Mg-based materials for hydrogen production has attracted wide attention.Aiming at the problems of easy formation of inert oxide layer on its surface and the production of Mg(OH)_(2) to hinder the hydrolysis process,it is urgent to explore efficient,low-cost and green modification strategies.In this work,the green modification strategy for hydrolyzing hydrogen production of Mg-based materials was summarized,and the fast initial kinetics and high hydrogen production rate could be achieved by adjusting hydrolysis medium conditions and modifying Mg-based material.The significance of hydrolytic hydrogen production technology and device development for the realization of Mg-based hydrolytic hydrogen production was evaluated.Meanwhile,this work looks forward to the future direction of hydrogen production modification by hydrolysis of Mg-based alloy,and gradually optimizes the hydrolysis performance of industrial multi-component waste Mg alloy under the premise of green hydrogen production,and proposes the goal of efficient modification of waste Mg alloy,high-quality utilization of seawater,and low-cost and controllable hydrogen production process.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the social structure of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)in Xiamen waters from 2007 to 2019

As highly social animals,Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)exhibit community differentiation.Nevertheless,our understanding of the external and internal factors influencing these dynamics,as well as their spatiotemporal variations,is still limited.In the present study,variations in the social structure of an endangered Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin population in Xiamen Bay,China,were monitored over two distinct periods(2007–2010 and 2017–2019)to analyze the effects of habitat utilization and the composition of individuals within the population.In both periods,the population demonstrated a strikingly similar pattern of social differentiation,characterized by the division of individuals into two main clusters and one small cluster.Spatially,the two primary clusters occupied the eastern and western waters,respectively,although the core distribution area of the eastern cluster shifted further eastward between the two periods.Despite this distribution shift,the temporal stability of the social structure and inter-associations within the eastern cluster remained unaffected.A subset of 16individuals observed in both periods,comprising 51.6%and 43.2%of the population in each respective period,emerged as a foundational element of the social structure and may be responsible for sustaining social structure stability,especially during the 2007–2010 period.These observations suggest that the composition of dominant individuals,an internal factor,had a more substantial influence on the formation of the social network than changes in habitat use,an external factor.Consequently,the study proposes distinct conservation measures tailored to each of the two main clusters.

Improvement and security analysis of multi-ring discrete modulation continuous variable quantum secret sharing scheme

In order to avoid the complexity of Gaussian modulation and the problem that the traditional point-to-point communication DM-CVQKD protocol cannot meet the demand for multi-user key sharing at the same time, we propose a multi-ring discrete modulation continuous variable quantum key sharing scheme(MR-DM-CVQSS). In this paper, we primarily compare single-ring and multi-ring M-symbol amplitude and phase-shift keying modulations. We analyze their asymptotic key rates against collective attacks and consider the security key rates under finite-size effects. Leveraging the characteristics of discrete modulation, we improve the quantum secret sharing scheme. Non-dealer participants only require simple phase shifters to complete quantum secret sharing. We also provide the general design of the MR-DM-CVQSS protocol.We conduct a comprehensive analysis of the improved protocol's performance, confirming that the enhancement through multi-ring M-PSK allows for longer-distance quantum key distribution. Additionally, it reduces the deployment complexity of the system, thereby increasing the practical value.

Three-dimensional morphological and fluorescent imaging of zebrafish with a continuous-rotational light-sheet microscope

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM)has been widely used to image the three-dimensional(3D)structures and functions of various millimeter-size bio-specimen such as zebrafish.However,the sample adsorption and scattering cause shading of the light-sheet illumination,preventing the even 3D image of thick samples.Herein,we report a continuous-rotational light-sheet microscope(CR-LSM)that enables simultaneous 3D bright-field and fluorescence imaging.With a high-accuracy rotational stage,CR-LSM records the outline projections and the fluorescent images of the sample at multiple rotation angles.Then,3D morphology and fluorescent structure were reconstructed with a developed algorithm.Using CR-LSM,zebrafish’s whole-fish contour and blood vessel structures were obtained simultaneously.

Anisotropic etching mechanisms of 4H-SiC:Experimental and first-principles insights

Molten-alkali etching has been widely used to reveal dislocations in 4H silicon carbide(4H-SiC),which has promoted the identification and statistics of dislocation density in 4H-SiC single crystals.However,the etching mechanism of 4H-SiC is limited misunderstood.In this letter,we reveal the anisotropic etching mechanism of the Si face and C face of 4H-SiC by combining molten-KOH etching,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and first-principles investigations.The activation energies for the molten-KOH etching of the C face and Si face of 4H-SiC are calculated to be 25.09 and 35.75 kcal/mol,respectively.The molten-KOH etching rate of the C face is higher than the Si face.Combining XPS analysis and first-principles calculations,we find that the molten-KOH etching of 4H-SiC is proceeded by the cycling of the oxidation of 4H-SiC by the dissolved oxygen and the removal of oxides by molten KOH.The faster etching rate of the C face is caused by the fact that the oxides on the C face are unstable,and easier to be removed with molten alkali,rather than the C face being easier to be oxidized.

Extreme value theory applied to the auroral electrojet indices

The study of extreme weather and space events has gained paramount importance in modern society owing to rapid advances in high technology.Understanding and describing exceptional occurrences plays a crucial role in making decisive assessments of their potential impact on technical,economic,and social aspects in various fields.This research focuses on analyzing the hourly values of the auroral electrojet(AE)geomagnetic index from 1957 to 2019 by using the peak over threshold method in extreme value theory.By fitting the generalized Pareto distribution to extreme AE values,shape parameter indices were derived,revealing negative values that establish an upper bound for this time series.Consequently,it became evident that the AE values had reached a plateau,suggesting that extreme events exceeding the established upper limit are rare.As a result,although the need for diligent precautions to mitigate the consequences of such extreme events persists,surpassing the upper limit of AE values becomes increasingly challenging.It is also possible to observe an aurora in the middle-and low-latitude regions during the maximum period of the AE index.

MTA、iRoot BP Plus在难治性前牙根尖周病患者根管治疗中的应用比较

目的对比无机三氧化物聚合物(MTA)、iRoot BP Plus在难治性前牙根尖周病患者根管治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2016年3月—2018年3月承德医学院附属医院口腔科收治的246例难治性前牙根尖周病患者,均为单颗患病且实施根管倒充填治疗。其中82例患者采用MTA治疗(MTA组),84例患者采用iRoot BP Plus治疗(iRoot BP Plus组),80例患者接受氢氧化钙糊剂治疗(对照组)。对比根充质量、治疗前和治疗1周后局部红肿、疼痛评分,不同时刻旧根尖指数(O-PAI)变化及临床疗效。结果iRoot BP Plus组适充率较MTA组和对照组高(P<0.05)。MTA组治疗前和治疗1周后局部红肿、疼痛评分的差值较对照组高(P<0.05),iRoot BP Plus组最高(P<0.05)。iRoot BP Plus组O-PAI评级较MTA组、对照组低(P<0.05),相对效果较好;MTA组治疗后较对照组低(P<0.05),相对效果较好。iRoot BP Plus组临床总有效率最高(P<0.05)。结论在难治性前牙根尖周病患者根管治疗中MTA、iRoot BP Plus均优于氢氧化钙糊剂,且应用iRoot BP Plus可保证适充率,并有效减轻局部红肿、疼痛,改善O-PAI,疗效理想,有望替代MTA推广应用。

不同入路髂筋膜腔阻滞对全髋关节置换术后镇痛的比较

目的比较垂直和水平腹股沟平面入路行髂筋膜腔阻滞对全髋关节置换术后镇痛的影响。方法 40例全身麻醉下行单侧全髋关节置换术的患者,术前30 min随机在超声引导下行垂直腹股沟平面入路(实验组)或水平腹股沟平面入路(对照组)髂筋膜腔阻滞,分别注射0.25%罗哌卡因30 ml。术后采用静脉患者自控镇痛(PCA),记录术后2、6、12、24、36和48 h静息时视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、PCA追加次数及不良反应。结果实验组术后2、6、12和24 h的VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05),实验组的PCA追加次数在6~12 h和12~24 h,也低于对照组(P<0.05);两组恶心、呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论垂直腹股沟平面入路行髂筋膜腔阻滞对全髋关节置换术后镇痛效果优于水平入路,这可能与药液向头端扩散增加,更充分阻滞了手术区域内股外侧皮神经、股神经的痛觉分布有关。

计算机导航技术在复合性眼眶骨折整复术中的应用

目的:探讨计算机导航技术在复合性眼眶骨折整复术中的应用。方法:对我院2014-01/2018-03收治的19例19眼复合性眼眶骨折患者施行计算机导航辅助骨折整复术。分析手术进程、术后患者骨折复位情况、眼球突出度、眼球运动、复视、眶下神经支配区感觉障碍、填充物位置及并发症等情况。结果:所有患者手术过程顺利,术后随访6~18mo。术前所有患者均有眼球内陷,术后14眼完全矫正,5眼残存轻度内陷。术前10眼存在眼球运动障碍,术后7眼恢复正常,3眼好转。术前13眼存在不同程度复视,术后10眼完全矫正,2眼改善,1眼无明显变化。4眼术前存在眶下神经支配区感觉障碍,均于术后6mo内恢复。所有患者未出现严重并发症,骨折复位满意,填充物位置及深度理想。结论:计算机导航技术应用于复合性眼眶骨折整复术,可提高手术精确性,手术安全有效。

Research Progress on the Bone Metastasis Mechanism of Prostate Cancer and Bone-Targeted Drugs

Prostate cancer is a common male malignant tumor,and bone metastasis is one of the common complications in the late stage of prostate cancer.The mechanism of prostate cancer bone metastasis is a complex process involving multiple factors and steps.In recent years,with in-depth research on the mechanism of prostate cancer bone metastasis and the development of new drugs,important progress has been made in the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.Based on this,this article introduces the mechanism of prostate cancer bone metastasis and the research progress of several bone-targeted drugs to provide reference and inspiration for future research.

广东设施葡萄林下大球盖菇优质高效栽培技术

本研究针对广东设施葡萄林下大球盖菇的优质高效栽培技术进行了系统探讨。基于广东地区独特的亚热带气候条件与设施葡萄种植特点,以及大球盖菇的生物学特性,集成了种植季节选择、菌种优选、场地准备、培养料配制发酵、播种覆土管理、出菇期管理、采收加工以及病虫害防治等多个关键环节,实现了资源高效利用、环境友好与经济效益的有机统一。该技术为广东乃至相似气候区域提供了可复制、可推广的林下食用菌种植模式,有助于推动农业科技创新、农民增收、生态改善和乡村振兴战略实施。

离散铬纳米核对超薄铜箔剥离性能和电阻率的影响

提出一种利用电化学沉积法制备Cr纳米离散晶核实现超薄铜箔剥离的策略。结果表明,该方法可以制备厚度约为1.34μm的铜箔。Cr纳米离散晶核密度直接影响铜箔的剥脱性能、表面粗糙度和电阻率。当Cr纳米离散晶核密度为15.7×10^(9)cm^(−2)时,铜箔的剥离性能最好,电阻率为4.95×10^(−7)Ω·m,比常规厚度为0.67μm Cr涂层的电阻率低9.2%,比重铬酸钾涂层的电阻率低15.8%,抗拉强度超过248.80 MPa。

Astaxanthin Regulates PPAR-γ/NF-κB Pathway to Mitigate Nerve Injury after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats

Purpose: This research evaluates the efficacy of astaxanthin (AX) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and elucidates the potential mechanism of its neuronal protective effect. Methods: Rats were subjected to a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model. Fifty grown male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 5 groups, including sham operation group (Sham), MCAO/R group, MCAO/R+AX group, MCAO/R+ AX+ Scramble group and MCAO/R+AX+ si-PPAR-γ group. The neurological score and cerebral infarction volume were evaluated after surgery. Rat microglia (RM) were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to form an inflammatory environment. LPS-induced RM cells were incubated with different concentrations of AX (1, 5 or 10 μg/mL), then cell viability, the expression of microglial activation markers, including cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and CD206 and the expression of PPAR-γ and phosphorylated P65 (p-P65) proteins were determined. Cells were treated with pcDNA-PPAR-γ, as well as treatment with si-PPAR-γ or PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 before AX treatment, and then cell activation mediators were tested. Results: AX inhibits LPS-induced RM cells activation and enhanced the expression level of PPAR-γ protein in way of dose-dependent, and pcDNA-PPAR-γ treatment had the same effect as AX. While si-PPAR-γ transfection or PPAR-γ suppressant GW9662 treatment reversed the effect of AX, and cut down the level of PPAR-γ protein and augmented the level of p-P65 protein. In addition, AX treatment alleviated the infarct volume, and sensorimotor and cognitive functions of MCAO/R model rats. Conclusion: AX alleviates LPS-induced microglial injury and has a protective effect on rat cerebral I/R injury by regulating the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway.