Crystallization process determines the quality of perovskite films and the performances of resultant perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Dimethylamine oxalate has been proven as a multifunctional modulator,and is explored as...Crystallization process determines the quality of perovskite films and the performances of resultant perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Dimethylamine oxalate has been proven as a multifunctional modulator,and is explored as an efficient additive in manipulating the crystallization process of CsPbI_(3) perovskite films.On one hand,oxalate serves as the precipitator that facilitates the nucleation process of intermediate.The larger size of intermediate is conductive to the larger size and smaller grain boundaries of resultant perovskite.On the other hand,in subsequent annealing process,the phase conversion and growth process of transient perovskite can be decelerated due to the strong interactions of oxalate with both dimethylamine cation(DMA^(+))and Pb^(2+).Due to the optimized crystallization kinetics,the morphology and quality of CsPbI_(3) perovskite films are comprehensively improved with lower defect concentrations,and charge recombination loss is effectively suppressed.Benefiting from the optimized crystal quality of perovskite films,the carbon electrode-based CsPbI_(3) PSCs exhibit a champion efficiency of 18.48%.This represents one of the highest levels among all hole transport layer-free inorganic perovskite solar cells.展开更多
Production of mutants with altered phenotypes is a powerful approach for determining the biological functions of genes in an organism. In this study, a high-grain-weight mutant line M8008 was identified from a library...Production of mutants with altered phenotypes is a powerful approach for determining the biological functions of genes in an organism. In this study, a high-grain-weight mutant line M8008 was identified from a library of mutants of the common wheat cultivar YN15 treated with ethylmethane sulfonate(EMS). F2 and F2:3generations produced from crosses of M8008 × YN15(MY) and M8008 × SJZ54(MS) were used for genetic analysis. There were significant differences between M8008 and YN15 in plant height(PH), spike length(SL),fertile spikelet number per spike(FSS), grain width(GW), grain length(GL), GL/GW ratio(GLW), and thousand-grain weight(TGW). Most simple correlation coefficients were significant for the investigated traits, suggesting that the correlative mutations occurred in M8008. Approximately 21% of simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers showed polymorphisms between M8008 and YN15, indicating that EMS can induce a large number of mutated loci. Twelve quantitative trait loci(QTLs) forming QTL clusters(one in MY and two in MS) were detected. The QTL clusters coinciding with(MY population) or near(MS population) the marker wmc41 were associated mainly with grain-size traits, among which the M8008 locus led to decreases in GW, factor form density(FFD), and TGW and to increases in GLW. The cluster in the wmc25–barc168 interval in the MS population was associated with yield traits, for which the M8008 locus led to decreased PH, spike number per plant(SN), and SL.展开更多
In the construction of high performance planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the modification of compact TiO_(2) layer and engineering of perovskite/TiO_(2) interfaces are essential for efficient electron transfer and ...In the construction of high performance planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the modification of compact TiO_(2) layer and engineering of perovskite/TiO_(2) interfaces are essential for efficient electron transfer and retarded charge recombination loss.In this work,a facile and effective strategy is developed to modify the surface of compact TiO_(2) layer by TiCl_(4)-TiCl_(3) mixture treatment.Compared with conventional sole TiCl_(4),the TiCl_(4)-TiCl_(3) treatment takes the advantage of accelerated and controlled hydrolysis of TiCl_(3),therefore TiO_(2) with dominating anatase phase and moderate roughness is obtained to facilitate the growth of CsPbI_(2) Br perovskite layer with high quality.Furthermore,the oxidation-driven hydrolysis of TiCl_(3) component results in surface Cl doping that facilitates interfacial electron transfer with retarded recombination loss.The average power conversion efficiency(PCE) of carbon-based CsPbI_(2) Br planar PSCs based on TiCl_(4)-TiCl_(3) treatment increases to 14.18% from the intial 13.04% based on conventional sole TiCl_(4) treatment.The champion PSC exhibits a PCE of 14.46%(V_(oc)=1.28 V,J_(sc)=14.21 mA/cm^(2),and FF=0.794),which is one of the highest PCEs for carbon-based CsPbI_(2) Br PSCs.展开更多
[Objectives]The CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9)gene editing technology is the third generation of"genome fixed-point editing technology"following the"zinc fin...[Objectives]The CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9)gene editing technology is the third generation of"genome fixed-point editing technology"following the"zinc finger endonuclease(ZFN)"and"transcription activator effector nuclease(TALEN)".Glucotransferase genes UGT84A2 and UGT84A4,can simultaneously convert hydroxycinnamate into 1-O-β-glucose esters as isozymes.The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to construct double mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana ugt84a2/ugt84a4.[Methods]A CRISPR/Cas9 double mutant expression vector was constructed using UGT84A2 and UGT84A4 as the target genes.The Agrobacterium-mediated dip dyeing method was used to transform wild-type A.thaliana,and the CRISPR/Cas9system was used to target and knock out A.thaliana UGT84A2 and UGT84A4 genes.[Results]The descendants of A.thaliana with the UGT84A2/UGT84A4 gene were sequenced and analyzed.Thirteen positively transformed plants obtained were analyzed according to the sequencing results,and the ugt84a2/ugt84a4 double mutants were screened.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the functional study of UGT84A2 and UGT84A4 isoenzyme genes in other species,as well as strong theoretical and method support for accelerating the development and utilization of UGT84A2/UGT84A4 functional gene resources.展开更多
A sensitive atomic spectrometric method for the redox speciation analysis of Sb in water is described. The proposed method is based on the selective generation of stibine from Sb（III） in a continuous flow system usi...A sensitive atomic spectrometric method for the redox speciation analysis of Sb in water is described. The proposed method is based on the selective generation of stibine from Sb（III） in a continuous flow system using non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry for detection. The effects of the HCI concentration on the fluorescence intensities of Sb（III） and Sb（V） were investigated. The results indicated that atomic fluorescence emission due to Sb（V） can constructively interfere with the determination of Sb（III）. For the determination of Sb（III）, four compounds were tested as masking agents to inhibit the generation of stibine from Sb（V）. The effects of the concentrations of the masking agents and of HC1 on the fluorescence signals from Sb（III） and Sb（V） were studied. The results indicated that citric acid and NaF can successfully suppress hydride generation from Sb（V）. To evaluate the developed methodology and the influence of the matrix, the recovery of Sb（III） from natural water that was spiked with different Sb（III） and Sb（V） concentrations was tested.展开更多
Several 2D nanosheets of porphyrin MOFs with various transition-metal clusters as metal nodes were prepared via a simple solvothermal method to apply in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,in which the hydrogen prod...Several 2D nanosheets of porphyrin MOFs with various transition-metal clusters as metal nodes were prepared via a simple solvothermal method to apply in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,in which the hydrogen production rate of the optimal NS-Cu was as high as 15.39 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1).A series of experimental technologies especially cyclic voltammetry(CV)and Mott-Schottky(M-S)had been adopted to investigate the charge-transfer property of photo-generated electron-hole pairs,it was found that the uniformly dispersed Cu-clusters nodes in the original 2D MOFs played a key role in the electron transfer process,that was,the photo-generated electron transferred from excited state eosin-Y to the Cu-clusters nodes for the efficient hydrogen evolution.The excellent photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the reversible oxidation-–reduction process of Cu^(Ⅱ)/Cu^(Ⅰ),which had excellent electron-receiving and electron-outputting capabilities.Our results provided a novel avenue to adapt the uniformly dispersed metal nodes in the original MOFs as cost-effective noble-metal-free cocatalysts with very high atomutilization efficiency to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance in dye-sensitized system.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20310,22278164,22122805,22308112)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(No.2023A04J0665)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M741214)。
文摘Crystallization process determines the quality of perovskite films and the performances of resultant perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Dimethylamine oxalate has been proven as a multifunctional modulator,and is explored as an efficient additive in manipulating the crystallization process of CsPbI_(3) perovskite films.On one hand,oxalate serves as the precipitator that facilitates the nucleation process of intermediate.The larger size of intermediate is conductive to the larger size and smaller grain boundaries of resultant perovskite.On the other hand,in subsequent annealing process,the phase conversion and growth process of transient perovskite can be decelerated due to the strong interactions of oxalate with both dimethylamine cation(DMA^(+))and Pb^(2+).Due to the optimized crystallization kinetics,the morphology and quality of CsPbI_(3) perovskite films are comprehensively improved with lower defect concentrations,and charge recombination loss is effectively suppressed.Benefiting from the optimized crystal quality of perovskite films,the carbon electrode-based CsPbI_(3) PSCs exhibit a champion efficiency of 18.48%.This represents one of the highest levels among all hole transport layer-free inorganic perovskite solar cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271712)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2013BAD01B02-8)
文摘Production of mutants with altered phenotypes is a powerful approach for determining the biological functions of genes in an organism. In this study, a high-grain-weight mutant line M8008 was identified from a library of mutants of the common wheat cultivar YN15 treated with ethylmethane sulfonate(EMS). F2 and F2:3generations produced from crosses of M8008 × YN15(MY) and M8008 × SJZ54(MS) were used for genetic analysis. There were significant differences between M8008 and YN15 in plant height(PH), spike length(SL),fertile spikelet number per spike(FSS), grain width(GW), grain length(GL), GL/GW ratio(GLW), and thousand-grain weight(TGW). Most simple correlation coefficients were significant for the investigated traits, suggesting that the correlative mutations occurred in M8008. Approximately 21% of simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers showed polymorphisms between M8008 and YN15, indicating that EMS can induce a large number of mutated loci. Twelve quantitative trait loci(QTLs) forming QTL clusters(one in MY and two in MS) were detected. The QTL clusters coinciding with(MY population) or near(MS population) the marker wmc41 were associated mainly with grain-size traits, among which the M8008 locus led to decreases in GW, factor form density(FFD), and TGW and to increases in GLW. The cluster in the wmc25–barc168 interval in the MS population was associated with yield traits, for which the M8008 locus led to decreased PH, spike number per plant(SN), and SL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51732004, 21805093, 21975083, 2170307122075090)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China (201904010178)。
文摘In the construction of high performance planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the modification of compact TiO_(2) layer and engineering of perovskite/TiO_(2) interfaces are essential for efficient electron transfer and retarded charge recombination loss.In this work,a facile and effective strategy is developed to modify the surface of compact TiO_(2) layer by TiCl_(4)-TiCl_(3) mixture treatment.Compared with conventional sole TiCl_(4),the TiCl_(4)-TiCl_(3) treatment takes the advantage of accelerated and controlled hydrolysis of TiCl_(3),therefore TiO_(2) with dominating anatase phase and moderate roughness is obtained to facilitate the growth of CsPbI_(2) Br perovskite layer with high quality.Furthermore,the oxidation-driven hydrolysis of TiCl_(3) component results in surface Cl doping that facilitates interfacial electron transfer with retarded recombination loss.The average power conversion efficiency(PCE) of carbon-based CsPbI_(2) Br planar PSCs based on TiCl_(4)-TiCl_(3) treatment increases to 14.18% from the intial 13.04% based on conventional sole TiCl_(4) treatment.The champion PSC exhibits a PCE of 14.46%(V_(oc)=1.28 V,J_(sc)=14.21 mA/cm^(2),and FF=0.794),which is one of the highest PCEs for carbon-based CsPbI_(2) Br PSCs.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2017PC007)Project of Shandong(Linyi)Institute of Modern Agriculture of Zhejiang University for Serving Local Economic Development(ZDNY-2020-FWLY02007)Doctoral Program of China West Normal University(18Q051)。
文摘[Objectives]The CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9)gene editing technology is the third generation of"genome fixed-point editing technology"following the"zinc finger endonuclease(ZFN)"and"transcription activator effector nuclease(TALEN)".Glucotransferase genes UGT84A2 and UGT84A4,can simultaneously convert hydroxycinnamate into 1-O-β-glucose esters as isozymes.The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to construct double mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana ugt84a2/ugt84a4.[Methods]A CRISPR/Cas9 double mutant expression vector was constructed using UGT84A2 and UGT84A4 as the target genes.The Agrobacterium-mediated dip dyeing method was used to transform wild-type A.thaliana,and the CRISPR/Cas9system was used to target and knock out A.thaliana UGT84A2 and UGT84A4 genes.[Results]The descendants of A.thaliana with the UGT84A2/UGT84A4 gene were sequenced and analyzed.Thirteen positively transformed plants obtained were analyzed according to the sequencing results,and the ugt84a2/ugt84a4 double mutants were screened.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the functional study of UGT84A2 and UGT84A4 isoenzyme genes in other species,as well as strong theoretical and method support for accelerating the development and utilization of UGT84A2/UGT84A4 functional gene resources.
文摘A sensitive atomic spectrometric method for the redox speciation analysis of Sb in water is described. The proposed method is based on the selective generation of stibine from Sb（III） in a continuous flow system using non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry for detection. The effects of the HCI concentration on the fluorescence intensities of Sb（III） and Sb（V） were investigated. The results indicated that atomic fluorescence emission due to Sb（V） can constructively interfere with the determination of Sb（III）. For the determination of Sb（III）, four compounds were tested as masking agents to inhibit the generation of stibine from Sb（V）. The effects of the concentrations of the masking agents and of HC1 on the fluorescence signals from Sb（III） and Sb（V） were studied. The results indicated that citric acid and NaF can successfully suppress hydride generation from Sb（V）. To evaluate the developed methodology and the influence of the matrix, the recovery of Sb（III） from natural water that was spiked with different Sb（III） and Sb（V） concentrations was tested.
基金supported by Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture(NZ2021030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975083,U21A20310,51732004,22122805,and 22075090)。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21502012,22001026)the Youth Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China(Nos.KJQN201900838,KJQN201800836,KJQN201900842)+1 种基金the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(Nos.cstc2018jcyj AX0531,cstc2017jcyj AX0404,cstc2020jcyjmsxm X0830)Student Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project of Chongqing Technology and Business University(No.20328)。
文摘Several 2D nanosheets of porphyrin MOFs with various transition-metal clusters as metal nodes were prepared via a simple solvothermal method to apply in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,in which the hydrogen production rate of the optimal NS-Cu was as high as 15.39 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1).A series of experimental technologies especially cyclic voltammetry(CV)and Mott-Schottky(M-S)had been adopted to investigate the charge-transfer property of photo-generated electron-hole pairs,it was found that the uniformly dispersed Cu-clusters nodes in the original 2D MOFs played a key role in the electron transfer process,that was,the photo-generated electron transferred from excited state eosin-Y to the Cu-clusters nodes for the efficient hydrogen evolution.The excellent photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the reversible oxidation-–reduction process of Cu^(Ⅱ)/Cu^(Ⅰ),which had excellent electron-receiving and electron-outputting capabilities.Our results provided a novel avenue to adapt the uniformly dispersed metal nodes in the original MOFs as cost-effective noble-metal-free cocatalysts with very high atomutilization efficiency to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance in dye-sensitized system.
