Willingness to pay for colorectal cancer screening in Guangzhou

AIM To measure the willingness to pay for colorectal cancer screening in Guangzhou, and to identify those factors associated with it. METHODS A face-to-face questionnaire survey for pre-screening population from free and non-free colonoscopy districts was used to collect information on demographic characteristics, health behaviours, the intention of the cancer screenings and willingness to pay for colorectal cancer screening. A total of 1243 participants who took part in the pre-screening for colorectal cancer in Guangzhou were collected in the study. Categorical data were compared using the χ~2 test to analyse significant differences. Non-conditional logistic regression and multi-class logistic regression were also performed for multivariate analysis and to estimate the odds ratios.RESULTS The percentage of participants willing to pay for colorectal cancer screening was 91.7%. "Unnecessary" was the dominant reason that participants gave for their unwillingness, accounting for 63.1%. Of those who were willing to pay, 29.2%, 20.7%, 14.8%, 13.0% and 22.4% of participants were willing to pay less than $100, $100-$199, $200-299, $300-$399 and more than $400, respectively. Non-logistic regression analysis showed that respondents who were male, had a high level of education, were from the family with more children/older to raise, and accepted colorectal cancer screening were willing to pay for this screening. Multi-class logistic regression analysis showed that respondents with higher annual household income per capita, from government and private enterprises, government agency/institution and peasants, and less family medical expenditure were willing to pay more.CONCLUSION Willingness to pay for colorectal cancer screening in Guangzhou is high, but the amount of willing to pay is not much.

Incidence trends and age distribution of colorectal cancer by subsite in Guangzhou,2000-2011

Introduction:Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer in China.The incidence of CRC has been increasing in recent years.The aim of this study was to explore the incidence trends and the age distribution of CRC by subsite in Guangzhou between 2000 and 2011.Methods:A total of 22,432 incident cases of CRC between 2000 and 2011 from Guangzhou Cancer Registry were identified.Crude incidence and age-standardized rates(ASRs),using the Segi’s world standard population,were calculated for CRC and CRC subsites.The incidence trend was analyzed and the annual percentage change(APC) in incidence was calculated by using JoinPoint software.Results:The crude incidence increased significantly from 23.4/10~5 in 2000 to 37.4/10~5 in 2011 for males and from20.9/10~5 to 30.5/10~5 for females.The ASRs of CRC incidence stabilized during the period of 2000-2011 for both males and females.The ages at the onset of CRC for both males and females during 2010-2011 were significantly higher compared with those during 2000-2002(males:f = 1.95,P = 0.05;females:f = 6.03,P < 0.01).For males aged50-64 years,the CRC incidence increased by 8.50%annually(P = 0.04) during 2000-2004 and by 1.68%annually(P = 0.03) during 2005-2011.For females aged 65 years and older,the CRC incidence increased by 5.77%annually(P = 0.03) during 2000-2004.There were no significant changes for the CRC incidences in males aged 49 and younger and 65 years and older and females aged 64 years and younger during 2000-2004,or for those in all females as well as males aged 49 years and younger and 65 years and older during 2005-2011.The percentage of colon cancer in all CRCs increased significantly for both males and females between the periods of 2000-2002 and 2010-2011.The ASRs of descending colon and sigmoid colon cancer incidences increased significantly for females during 2005-2011(APC,5.51%and 1.08%,respectively,both P < 0.05).Conclusions:The crude incidence of CRC increased significantly between 2000 and 2011 because of the aging,whereas the ASRs kept stable.The percentage of colon cancer in all CRCs increased significantly.Further surveillance,research,and intervention are needed to identify the causes of these changes and to reduce the incidence and mortality of CRC.

2010–2014年广州市结直肠癌发病率的时空分析

背景与目的结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是一种常见的恶性肿瘤。本研究分析了2010–2014年广州地区结直肠癌发病率的时空分布。方法结直肠癌发病数据来自广州癌症登记系统。采用空间自相关分析和回顾性时空扫描评估CRC病例的时空聚集分布。结果 2010–2014年期间,在广州共登记了14,618例CRC病例,粗发病率为35.56/100,000,世界人口标化发病率(age?standardized rate of incidence by the world standard population,ASRIW)为23.58/100,000。粗发病率从2010年(32.88/100,000)到2014年(39.36/100,000)增长了19.70%,平均年变化率(average annual percentage change,AAPC)为4.33%。ASRIW的AAPC无统计学意义。空间自相关分析显示了广州市中心城区为一个CRC的发病热点,该区域包括了位于白云区西南部、海珠区西北部以及荔湾和越秀区的交界部的共25条街道。CRC发病聚集区的时空扫描分析确定了3个高发和5个低发病聚集区。高发聚集区位于中心城区,包括白云、海珠、荔湾和越秀区之间的交界地区。结论本研究展示出了广州地区CRC发病率的时空聚集模式。该数据可为CRC筛查中合理分配健康资源提供参考信息。

Estimation of cancer burden in Guangdong Province,China in 2009

Background:Surveying regional cancer incidence and mortality provides significant data that can assist in making health policy for local areas;however,the province- and region-based cancer burden in China is seldom reported.In this study,we estimated cancer incidence and mortality in Guangdong Province,China and presented basic information for making policies related to health resource allocation and disease control.Methods:A log-linear model was used to calculate the sex-,age-,and registry-specific ratios of incidence to mortality(l/M) based on cancer registry data from Guangzhou,Zhongshan,and Sihui between 2004 and 2008.The cancer incidences in 2009 were then estimated according to representative l/M ratios and the mortality records from eight death surveillance sites in Guangdong Province.The cancer incidences in each city were estimated by the corresponding sex- and age-specific incidences from cancer registries or death surveillance sites in each area.Finally,the total and region-based cancer incidences and mortalities for the entire population of Guangdong Province were summarized.Results:The estimated l/M ratios in Guangzhou(3.658),Zhongshan(2.153),and Sihui(1.527) were significantly different(P < 0.001),with an average l/M ratio of 2.446.Significant differences in the estimated l/M ratios were observed between distinct age groups and the three cancer registries.The estimated l/M ratio in females was significantly higher than that in males(2.864 vs.2.027,P < 0.001).It was estimated that there were 163,376 new cancer cases(99,689 males and 63,687 females) in 2009;it was further estimated that 115,049 people(75,054 males and 39,995females) died from cancer in Guangdong Province in 2009.The estimated crude and age-standardized rate of incidences(ASRI) in Guangdong Province were 231.34 and 246.87 per 100,000 males,respectively,and 156.98 and 163.57 per 100,000 females,respectively.The estimated crude and age-standardized rate of mortalities(ASRM) in Guangdong Province were 174.17 and 187.46 per 100,000 males,respectively,and 98.59 and 102.00 per 100,000 females,respectively.In comparison with the western area and the northern mountain area,higher ASRI and ASRM were recorded in the Pearl River Delta area and the eastern area in both males and females.Conclusions:Cancer imposes a heavy disease burden,and cancer patterns are unevenly distributed throughout Guangdong Province.More health resources should be allocated to cancer control,especially in the western and northern mountain areas.

Spatio-temporal analysis of the incidence of colorectal cancer in Guangzhou,2010-2014

Introduction: Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a common type of neoplasm. This study examined the spatio?temporal distribution of the CRC incidence in Guangzhou during 2010–2014.Methods: Colorectal cancer incidence data were obtained from the Guangzhou Cancer Registry System. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and a retrospective spatio?temporal scan were used to assess the spatio?temporal cluster distribution of CRC cases.Results: A total of 14,618 CRC cases were registered in Guangzhou during 2010–2014, with a crude incidence of 35.56/100,000 and an age?standardized rate of incidence by the world standard population(ASRIW) of 23.58/100,000. The crude incidence increased by 19.70% from 2010(32.88/100,000) to 2014(39.36/100,000) with an average annual percentage change(AAPC) of 4.33%. The AAPC of ASRIW was not statistically significant. The spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a CRC incidence hot spot in central urban areas in Guangzhou City, which included 25 streets in southwestern Baiyun District, northwestern Haizhu District, and the border region between Liwan and Yuexiu Dis?tricts. Three high? and five low?incidence clusters were identified according to spatio?temporal scan of CRC incidence clusters. The high?incidence clusters were located in central urban areas including the border regions between Bai?yun, Haizhu, Liwan, and Yuexiu Districts.Conclusions: This study revealed the spatio?temporal cluster pattern of the incidence of CRC in Guangzhou. This information can inform allocation of health resources for CRC screening.

Expression and Antigenic Characterization of the Epitope-G_1 of the Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Glycoprotein in Pichia pastoris

The epitope-G1 gene of Bovine ephemeral fever virus(BEFV) glycoprotein was synthesised by PCR and cloned into expression vector pPIC9K to construct recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-G1.Then the pPIC9K-G1 was linearized and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115.The recombinant P.pastoris strains were selected by a G418 transformation screen and confirmed by PCR.After being induced with methanol,an expressed protein with 26 kDa molecular weight was obtained,which was much bigger than the predicted size(15.54 kDa).Deglycosylation analysis indicated the recombinant G1 was glycosylated.Western blot and ELISA tests,as well as rabbit immunization and specificity experiments indicated that the target protein had both higher reaction activity and higher immunocompetence and specificity.The recombinant G1 protein could be used as a coating antigen to develop an ELISA kit for bovine ephemeral fever diagnosis.