Synthesis of Bi_2S_3 microsphere and its efficient photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation

A novel Bi2S3 microsphere was fabricated through one-pot urea-assisted solvothermal method.The synthesized Bi2S3 microsphere was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and thermal gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis(DTA-TG).Subsequently,the photocatalytic performances of Bi2S3 microsphere were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange(MO)simulation solution under visible-light irradiation.The results show that,Bi2S3 microsphere could be used as a potential cost-efficient catalysis for eliminating of methyl orange from aqueous solutions,whose degradation rate could reach 91.07%within 180 min.Besides,a tentative photocatalytic reaction mechanism was discussed according to the energy band position.Therefore,this work indicated a simplistic approach for the fabrication of visible-light responsive Bi2S3 microsphere photocatalyst,which can be used as a valuable candidate in solar energy conversion and environment pollution treatment.

Bone cement implantation syndrome during hip replacement in a patient with pemphigus and Parkinson’s disease: A case report

BACKGROUND Bone cement implantation syndrome(BCIS)is characterized by hypotension,arrhythmia,diffuse pulmonary microvascular embolism,shock,cardiac arrest,any combination of these factors,or even death following bone cement implantation.CASE SUMMARY An 80-year-old patient with pemphigus and Parkinson’s disease underwent total hip replacement under spinal subarachnoid block and developed acute pulmonary embolism after bone cement implantation.The patient received mask mechanical ventilation with a continuous intravenous infusion of adrenaline(2μg/mL)at a rate of 30 mL/h.Subsequently,the symptoms of BCIS were markedly alleviated,and the infusion rate of adrenaline was gradually reduced until the infusion was completely stopped 45 min later.The patient was then transferred to the Department of Orthopedics,and anticoagulation therapy began at 12 h postoperatively.No other complications were observed.CONCLUSION This is a rare case of BCIS in a high-risk patient with pemphigus and Parkinson’s disease.

Superhydrophobic Micro/Nanostructured Copper Mesh with Self-Cleaning Property for E ective Oil/Water Separation

In this work, a simple method was carried out to successfully fabricate superoleophilic and superhydrophobic N-dodecyltrimethoxysilane@tungsten trioxide coated copper mesh. The as-fabricated copper mesh displayed prominent superoleophilicity and superhydrophobicity with a huge water contact angle about 154.39° and oil contact angle near 0° Moreover, the coated copper mesh showed high separation efficiency approximately 99.3%, and huge water flux about 9962.3 L·h^-1·m-2, which could be used to separate various organic solvents/ water mixtures. Furthermore, the coated copper mesh showed favorable stability that the separation efficiency remained above 90% after 10 separation cycles. Benefiting from the excellent photocatalytic degradation ability of tungsten trioxide, the coated copper mesh possessed the self-cleaning capacity. Therefore, the mesh contaminated with lubricating oil could regain superhydrophobic property, and this property of self-cleaning permitted that the fabricated copper mesh could be repeatedly used for oil and water separation.

On Mechanisms of Proton Perpendicular Heating in the Solar Wind: Test Results Based on Wind Observations

The solar wind protons undergo significant perpendicular heating when they propagate in the interplanetary space.Stochastic heating and cyclotron resonance heating due to kinetic Alfvén waves(KAWs) are two proposed mechanisms. Which mechanism accounts for the perpendicular heating is still an open question. This paper performs tests for the two mechanisms based on Wind observations during 2004 June and 2019 May. Results show that heating rates in terms of stochastic heating theory considerably depend on the parameter of plasma β. For the solar wind with moderately high β, the theoretical heating rates are comparable to or larger than empirical heating rates, suggesting that the stochastic heating could be a powerful mechanism. For the solar wind with low β, on the contrary, the majority of data have theoretical heating rates much lower than empirical heating rates, showing that the stochastic heating seems to be weak in this case. On the other hand, it is found that, when the propagation angles of KAWs are around 70°, theoretically predicted damping wavenumbers of KAWs are equal to the observed wavenumbers at which magnetic energy spectra become significantly steep. This may imply that resonance heating due to cyclotron damping of KAWs could be another mechanism if KAWs have propagation angles around 70°.

Observation of Small-amplitude Electromagnetic Cyclotron Waves in the Solar Wind

Our previous studies on low-frequency electromagnetic cyclotron waves(ECWs)with amplitudes larger than 0.1nT in the solar wind revealed that the left-handed(LH)polarized ECWs are the dominant waves,and these waves preferentially occur in plasma conditions of high proton speed(V_(p)),high proton temperature(T_(p)),low proton density(N_(p)).In the present study,using magnetic field and plasma data from the Wind mission between 2005 and2015,we perform a survey of small-amplitude ECWs with amplitudes smaller than 0.1 nT.It is revealed for the first time that the small-amplitude right-handed(RH)polarized ECWs tend to frequently occur in plasmas characterized by low V_(p),low T_(p),low N_(p),although the small-amplitude LH ECWs still preferentially occur in plasma conditions similar to the LH ECWs with amplitudes larger than 0.1 nT.Further investigation shows that the occurrences of small-amplitude RH ECWs and long-lasting radial interplanetary magnetic field(lrIMF)share the similar preferential plasma conditions of low T_(p)and low N_(p).During lrIMF events,in particular,the occurrence rates of RH and LH ECWs are comparable,with the occurrence rate of small-amplitude RH ECWs slightly larger than that of small-amplitude LH ECWs.The generation mechanism of the small-amplitude ECWs is discussed.

A Study on Low Frequency Electromagnetic Cyclotron Waves in the Solar Wind

According to Wind observations between 2005 and 2015,this paper investigates the dependences of the occurrence of low frequency electromagnetic cyclotron waves(ECWs)on the plasma parameters,the solar cycle,and the orientations of alpha-proton drift velocity(Vd)and the ambient magnetic field(B).The occurrence rates of ECWs with respect to six plasma parameters are calculated.Results show that the preferential conditions for generation of left-handed(LH)ECWs are higher proton temperature(Tp),higher proton velocity(Vp),lower proton density(Np),stronger proton temperature anisotropy(T⊥/T‖),higher normalized alpha-proton drift velocity(Vd/VA),and higher normalized alpha particle density(Nα/Np),where T⊥and T‖refer to proton temperatures perpendicular and parallel to B,and VAis the local Alfvén velocity.For right-handed(RH)ECWs,however,the dependences on these plasma parameters are not obvious.On the other hand,it is found that the occurrence rate of LH ECWs increases as the sunspot number decreases,and decreases as the sunspot number increases.Further investigation shows that the increased occurrence rate of LH ECWs is accompanied by an increase in the medians of Vp,Vd/VA,and Nα/Np.For RH ECWs,the occurrence rate appears to be nearly unrelated to the sunspot number,suggesting a negligible correlation with the solar cycle.In addition,a modified angle is introduced to include the factors of orientation of B(anti-sunward or sunward)and angle between Vdand B,simultaneously.It is found that the occurrence of LH ECWs has the strong preferential condition that Vdis anti-sunward,while a different situation arises for RH ECWs.These results are discussed in the context of the temperature-anisotropy-driven instabilities with the effect of alpha particles.

Efficacy of different analgesic or sedative drug therapies in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing surgery: a network meta-analysis

Background Surgery is an effective therapy for congenital heart disease (CHD) and the management after surgery poses challenges for the clinical workers.We performed this network meta-analysis to enhance the corresponding evidence with respect to the relative efficacy of different drug treatments applied after the CHD surgery.Methods Embase and PubMed were systematically retrieved to identify all published controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of drugs for patients up to 25 August,2018.Mean differences (MD),odds ratios and their 95% credible intervals (CrIs) were used to evaluate multi-aspect comparisons.Surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to analyze the relative ranking of different treatments in each endpoint.Results Compared to saline,all the drugs achieved better preference under the efficacy endpoints except fentanyl in JET.As for ventilator time,all drugs were more effective than saline while only the difference of dexmedetomidine was statistically obvious (MD =6.92,95% CrIs 1.77-12.54).Under the endpoint of ICU time,dexmedetomidine was superior to saline as well (MD =1.26,95% CrIs 0.11-2.45).When all the endpoints were taken into consideration and with the help of ranking probabilities and SUCRA values,fentanyl combined with dexmedetomidine was one of the recommended drugs due to its shorter time on ventilator and stay in hospital as well as lower mortality.Conclusions Overall,based on the comprehensive consideration of all the endpoints,fentanyl combined with dexmedetomidine was considered to be the best-recommended clinical interventions among all the methods.

Empirical Entropy for Right Censored Data

The maximum entropy method has been widely used in many fields, such as statistical mechanics,economics, etc. Its crucial idea is that when we make inference based on partial information, we must use the distribution with maximum entropy subject to whatever is known. In this paper, we investigate the empirical entropy method for right censored data and use simulation to compare the empirical entropy method with the empirical likelihood method. Simulations indicate that the empirical entropy method gives better coverage probability than that of the empirical likelihood method for contaminated and censored lifetime data.