熔融中间体运输导向合成富氨基g-C_(3)N_(4)纳米片用于高效光催化产H_(2)O_(2)

为避免使用当前g-C_(3)N_(4)纳米片合成策略中的外加辅助,如模板、强酸、强碱等,本研究设计了一种g-C_(3)N_(4)熔融中间体运输的创新模式,在没有任何外加物质辅助情况下,成功一步合成富含氨基g-C_(3)N_(4)纳米片。该创新模式具体包括先将三聚氰胺放置在倒置坩埚的顶部平台上,随后进行一步煅烧。在煅烧过程中,三聚氰胺及其随后形成的g-C_(3)N_(4)中间体转变为熔融状态,并沿倒置坩埚外表面逐渐向下流动。这种熔融中间体运输模式可以有效减少其团聚,并使其依次分批聚合成富含氨基的g-C_(3)N_(4)纳米片。此外,所得富氨基g-C_(3)N_(4)纳米片的光催化产H_(2)O_(2)速率显著提高,约为85.8μmol·L^(-1)·h^(-1),是传统块体g-C_(3)N_(4)的2倍,这主要是因为除了其纳米片结构具有较大的比表面积外,富氨基结构可以有效增强对O_(2)原料和*OOH中间体的吸附,并加速*OOH高效转化为H_(2)O_(2)。该探究提供了一种创新模式来合成富含氨基的g-C_(3)N_(4)纳米片,并深入探究了其光催化机理。

Effect of early enteral nutrition on postoperative nutritional status and immune function in elderly patients with esophageal cancer or cardiac cancer

To explore the effect of early enteral nutrition （EN） on postoperative nutritional status, intestinal permeability, and immune 6anction in elderly patients with esophageal cancer or cardiac cancer. Methods： A total of 96 patients with esophageal cancer or cardiac cancer who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from June 2007 to December 2010 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into EN group （n=50） and parenteral nutrition （PN） group （n=46） based on the nutrition support modes. The body weight, time to first flatus/defecation, average hospital stay, complications and mortality after the surgery as well as the liver function indicators were recorded and analyzed. Peripheral blood samples were collected on the days 1, 4 and 7 after surgery. The plasma diamine oxidase （DAO） activity and D-lactate level were determined to assess the intestinal permeability. The plasma endotoxin levels were determined using dynamic turbidimetric assay to assess the protective effect of EN on intestinal mucosal barrier. The postoperative blood levels of inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins were determined using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： After the surgery, the time to first flatus/defecation, average hospital stay, and complications were significantly less in the EN group than those in the PN group （P〈0.05）, whereas the EN group had significantly higher albumin levels than the PN group （P〈0.05）. On the 7th postoperative day, the DAO activity, D-lactate level and endotoxin contents were significantly lower in the EN group than those in the PN group （all P〈0.05）. In addition, the EN group had significantly higher IgA, IgG, IgM, and CD4 levels than the PN group （P〈0.05） but significantly lower IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-a levels （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： In elderly patients with esophageal cancer or cardiac cancer, early EN after surgery can effectively improve the nutritional status, protect intestinal mucosal barrier （by reducing plasma endoxins）, and enhance the immune function

S-Scheme异质结光催化产氢研究进展

随着不可再生能源的大量消耗,能源短缺成为人类社会面临的重大挑战。在众多新能源制备技术中,光催化分解水制氢技术只需丰富的太阳能作为驱动力就可以实现分解水制氢,且制氢条件温和、绿色无污染,被认为是解决当前能源短缺危机的有效技术之一。光催化制氢技术的核心是光催化剂,因此发展高效稳定的光催化剂至关重要。然而,单组分光催化剂由于空穴-电子复合速度快、氧化还原能力有限、太阳能利用效率低等原因,通常只能呈现出有限的光催化分解水制氢活性。为此,科研人员做了大量改性研究,其中常见的改性策略有元素掺杂、助催化剂修饰、构建异质结等。通常,元素掺杂、助催化剂修饰等改性手段可以在一定程度上提高光催化剂的制氢活性,但并不能有效解决单相光催化剂的缺陷,导致其改性效果受到制约。然而,在两个或多个半导体之间构建异质结可以有效解决上述单组分光催化剂的缺陷。相较于当前流行的传统II型异质结和Z-型异质结,S-型异质结的电荷转移机制更为合理,受到科学家们的广泛关注与应用。因此,本文首先对S-型异质结光催化体系的发展背景进行介绍,包括传统II型异质结、全固态Z-型异质结和液相Z-型异质结光催化系统。随后对S-型异质结光催化机理进行具体阐述,并对其机理表征方法进行了概述,包括原位XPS光谱、开尔文探针力显微镜、电子顺磁共振、选择性沉积和密度泛函理论计算。此外,本文系统总结了当前报道的S-型异质结光催化剂在分解水制氢领域中的应用及其制氢性能增强机理分析,包括g-C_(3)N_(4)基、金属硫化物基、TiO_(2)基、其他氧化物基等S型异质结光催化剂。总体而言,S型异质结光催化剂由于其有效的载流子分离和增强的光氧化还原能力,通常呈现出优异的光催化制氢性能。最后,指出了S型异质结光催化剂在分解水产氢中的发展瓶颈,并展望攻克该瓶颈以进一步提高S型异质结的光催化效率,从而达到工业应用标准。

Modeling and Tracking Control for Piezoelectric Actuator Based on a New Asymmetric Hysteresis Model

This paper presents a new asymmetric hysteresis model and its application in the tracking control of piezoelectric actuators. The proposed model is based on a coupled-play operator which can avoid the conventional Prandtl-Ishlinskii(CPI)model's defects, i.e., the symmetric property. The high accuracy for modeling asymmetric hysteresis is validated by comparing simulation results with experimental measurements. In order to further evaluate the performance of the proposed model in closed-loop tracking application, two different hybrid control methods which experimentally demonstrate their performance under the same operating conditions, are compared to validate that the hybrid control strategy with proposed hysteresis model can mitigate the hysteresis more effectively and achieve better tracking precision. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed modeling and tracking control strategy can realize efficient control of piezoelectric actuator.

Degradation of differently processed Mg-based implants leads to distinct foreign body reactions(FBRs)through dissimilar signaling pathways

Mg alloys have mechanical properties compatible with human bones.However,their rapid degradation and associated foreign body reactions in vivo significantly limit their application for human implants.In this study,three differently processed Mg alloys,pure Mg(PM),cold extruded Mg alloy AZ31(CE AZ31),and fully annealed AZ31 Mg alloy(FA AZ31)were comparatively investigated for their potential as implants using a rat model.All three implanted Mg alloys do not show any impact on hepato-and renal function,nor any signs of observable changes to vital organs.Proteomics analysis of tissues directly contacting the implants 2.5 months post implantation revealed that FA AZ31 activates very few inflammation and immune associated signaling pathways;while the CE AZ31 and PM produce more significant inflammatory responses as confirmed by cytokine array analyses.Further,FA AZ31 activated pathways for cell organization and development that may improve the recovery of injured tissues.Structurally,EBSD analysis reveals that the FA AZ31 alloy has a higher ratio of first-order pyramidal orientated(10–11){10–1–2}grain texture with a value of 0.25,while PM and CE AZ31 alloys have lower ratios of first-order pyramidal orientated texture with the values of 0.16 and 0.17,respectively.This is associated with recovery and recrystallisation during annealing which promotes grain texture which exhibits enhanced degradation behaviours and induces a more limited immune response in vivo.In conclusion,the FA AZ31 demonstrated better biocompatibility and corrosion resistance and is a promising candidate for metal-based degradable implants which warrants further investigation.

Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Green Finance and Technological Progress on Total Factor Productivity in China’s Industrial Sector

The enhancement of industrial green total factor productivity is pivotal for achieving high-quality and sustainable economic development.This study assesses China’s performance using the SBM-GML model,employing province-level panel data spanning from 2004 to 2020.Furthermore,we examine the influence of green finance and technological progress on industrial green total factor productivity using a spatial econometric model.The findings uncover that the relationship between the level of green financial development and industrial green total factor productivity follows a U-shaped curve.Initially,low levels of green financial development exert a suppressive effect on industrial green total factor productivity,proving ineffective in the short term.However,with the progression of green finance development,a positive and significant long-term impact on industrial green total factor productivity emerges.Moreover,technological progress demonstrates a noteworthy promotional effect on industrial green total factor productivity.The analysis delves deeper into revealing that industrial structure and environmental regulation intensity exhibit a significant negative relationship with industrial green total factor productivity.In contrast,both energy structure and education level showcase a substantial positive relationship with industrial green total factor productivity.

Study on the Performance Optimization of Knitted Fabric Anti-Roll by Tissue Structure

Will use the same number of positive and negative coil longitudinal organization of fabric is ta edge sex used in the work of the organization to warp fabric edge sex, between restrained knitting principle, design a kind of weft basketwork weaving method, especially in weft knitting machine woven from has the edge of weft knitted fabric performance weaving method. In order to overcome the existing technology aims to make weft basketwork structure of a single organization, edge sex is bad, or can’t produce rich weft knitted fabric appearance of shortage, provide a resistance to edge weft knitted fabric weaving method.

Relationship between the Annual Yield of Black-skinned Sugarcane and Meteorological Disasters in Wengyuan County

The GM(1,1)grey model was used to simulate and divide the harvest years of black-skinned sugarcane yield in Wengyuan County during 2006-2021.Based on the meteorological observation data of Wengyuan County during the same period,the impact of major meteorological disasters such as drought,flood and frost in the growth period of black-skinned sugarcane was analyzed.It is believed that the instability of black-skinned sugarcane yield was affected by comprehensive meteorological factors.It is necessary to master the characteristics of local meteorological disasters,conduct scientific cultivation according to local conditions,and continuously improve the meteorological service level of black-skinned sugarcane cultivation.

清华大学生物系复系40周年重大科研成果回顾

清华大学生命科学学科有着深厚的历史积淀.1926年,清华大学成立生物系.1952年全国高校进行院系调整时清华大学生物系被并入兄弟院系.清华大学于1984年恢复生物系,并于2009年更名为生命科学学院.2024年清华生命科学迎来了生物系复系40周年.这40年间,清华大学生命科学学院在国家支持下,依托清华大学的办学优势,广泛吸纳海内外优秀人才,积极开展国际交流与合作,在师资建设、人才培养、学科发展、科研创新和平台搭建等方面取得了显著成就.如今,清华大学生命科学学院已经成为中国生命科学领域最具特色和影响力的人才培养和科研基地之一,取得了一系列的令人瞩目和具有国际影响力的科研成果.本文主要介绍复系40年以来清华大学生命科学领域在细胞、发育和遗传生物学、生理和分子医学、生物物理与结构生物学、交叉学科、神经生物学和植物生物学等方向最新的代表性科研成果.这些原创性基础研究与应用研究成果不仅使清华大学生命科学学科跻身国际领先行列,也为中国和全球生命科学和生物技术的发展与人类健康事业作出了重要贡献.

g-C_(3)N_(4)基S型异质结光催化剂

随着工业化的蓬勃发展,能源短缺和环境污染日益严重,威胁到人类的生存.光催化技术因其诸多突出优点和广泛的应用前景被认为是解决能源和环境危机最有前途的技术之一.在众多光催化剂中,石墨氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))以其独特的电子结构、较高的热稳定性和突出的光电活性,在清洁燃料生产和环境净化领域得到广泛应用.然而,单组分g-C_(3)N_(4)与其他光催化剂一样,不可能同时拥有高的太阳能利用效率和强氧化还原能力的光生电荷,导致其光催化效率较低.幸运的是,g-C_(3)N_(4)与另一半导体构建异质结可以同时克服太阳能利用效率低、载流子重组快、氧化还原能力弱的缺点,从而显著提高其光催化性能.鉴于目前g-C_(3)N_(4)基S型异质结的广泛研究,本文对g-C_(3)N_(4)基S型异质结研究背景、概念提出、基本理论、设计制备、表征方法等方面的最新研究进展进行了较全面的综述.此外,通过实例讨论和列表比较详细讨论了g-C_(3)N_(4)基S型异质结的各种应用,包括光催化制H_(2)、还原CO_(2)、降解污染物、生产H_(2)O_(2).最后,总结了g-C_(3)N_(4)基S型异质结当前的研究进展和不足,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.

Tobacco as a promising crop for low-carbon biorefinery

Energy crops play a vital role in meeting future energy and chemical demands while addressing climate change.However,the idealization of lowcarbon workflows and careful consideration of cost-benefit equations are crucial for their more sustainable implementation.Here,we propose tobacco as a promising energy crop because of its exceptional water solubility,mainly attributed to a high proportion of water-soluble carbohydrates and nitrogen,less lignocellulose,and the presence of acids.We then designed a strategy that maximizes biomass conversion into bio-based products while minimizing energy and material inputs.By autoclaving tobacco leaves in water,we obtained a nutrient-rich medium capable of supporting the growth of microorganisms and the production of bioproducts without the need for extensive pretreatment,hydrolysis,or additional supplements.Additionally,cultivating tobacco on barren lands can generate sufficient biomass to produce approximately 573 billion gallons of ethanol per year.This approach also leads to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 76%compared to traditional corn stover during biorefinery processes.Therefore,our study presents a novel and direct strategy that could significantly contribute to the goal of reducing carbon emissions and global sustainable development compared to traditional methods.

Celastrol suppresses colorectal cancer via covalent targeting peroxiredoxin 1

As a terpenoids natural product isolated from the plant Thunder God Vine,Celastrol is widely studied for its pharmacological activities,including anti-tumor activities.The clinical application of Celastrol is strictly limited due to its severe side effects,whereas previously revealed targets and mechanism of Celastrol seldom reduce its in vivo toxicity via structural optimization.Target identification has a far-reaching influence on the development of innovative drugs,and omics data has been widely used for unbiased target prediction.However,it is difficult to enrich target of specific phenotype from thousands of genes or proteins,especially for natural products with broad promising activities.Here,we developed a text-mining-based web-server tool to enrich targets from omics data of inquired compounds.Then peroxiredoxin 1(PRDX1)was identified as the ROS-manipulating target protein of Celastrol in colorectal cancer.Our solved high-resolution crystal structure revealed the unique covalent binding mode of Celastrol with PRDX1.New derivative compound 19-048 with improved potency against PRDX1 and selectivity towards PRDX2~PRDX6 were synthesized based on crystal structure analysis.Both Celastrol and 19-048 effectively suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells.The anti-tumor efficacy of Celastrol and 19-048 was significantly diminished on xenograft nude mice bearing PRDX1 knock-down colorectal cancer cells.Several downstream genes of p53 signaling pathway were dramatically up-regulated with Celastrol or 19-048 treatment.Our findings reveal that the side effects of Celastrol could be reduced via structural modification,and PRDX1 inhibition is promising for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst

Photocatalytic technologies have been universally applied in the domains of hydrogen production,envi-ronmental purification,CO_(2)reduction,catalytic organic synthesis,and other major fields owing to their environmental friendliness,convenient operation,and absorbing sunlight as the driving force.The core of photocatalytic technology is photocatalyst.Hence,it is greatly essential to fabricate stable,high-efficiency,and visible-light response photocatalysts.Among various visible-light-response photocatalysts,ZnIn_(2)S_(4),a ternary metal sulfide,has attracted extensive attention due to its prominent advantages of simple synthe-sis,excellent stability,and appropriate band structure.However,the low utilization of solar energy and rapid recombination of photogenerated charges as same as inferior redox capacity are still the distinct shortcomings that significantly block the increase of photocatalytic efficiency for ZnIn_(2)S_(4)photocatalyst.Fortunately,the above evident shortcomings can be simultaneously resolved by constructing heterojunc-tions between ZnIn_(2)S_(4)with other semiconductors.In recent years,various semiconductor photocatalysts(such as oxides(TiO_(2),WO_(3),In_(2)O_(3)),sulfides(ZnS,FeS_(2),CoS),oxysalts(Bi_(2)MoO_(6),ZnWO_(4),NaTaO_(3)),organics(g-C_(3)N_(4),COF,PDIIM),etc.)have been combined with ZnIn_(2)S_(4)to construct ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme het-erojunctions with the aim at greatly increasing its photocatalytic efficiency.Herein,this review presents a systematic description of the currently popular ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst,which includes the research background,scientific mechanism,design principles,preparation strategies,and characterization methods of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme heterojunctions.Moreover,the extensive pho-tocatalytic applications of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme heterojunctions have been detailly described by clas-sification examples,including hydrogen production,CO_(2)reduction,environmental purification,and other applications.Finally,several drawbacks on the synthetizations,modifications,and applications of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme heterojunction have been proposed,and their corresponding prospects have also been propounded in terms of their future development.

Loss of lncRNA SNHG8 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by destabilizing CDH1 mRNA

Long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are widely involved in a variety of biological processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT). In the current study, we found that lnc RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 8(SNHG8) was tightly correlated with EMT-associated gene signatures, and was down-regulated by Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1(ZEB1) during EMT progress. Functionally, knockdown of SNHG8 induced EMT in epithelial cells, through destabilizing the CDH1 m RNA dependent on a 17-nucleotide sequence shared by SNHG8 and CDH1. In addition, analysis with public database showed that SNHG8 tended to be down-regulated in different cancer types and the lower expression of SNHG8 predicted poorer prognosis.Taken together, our study reports a ZEB1-repressed lnc RNA SNHG8 which is important for stabilizing CDH1 m RNA, thereby maintaining the epithelial status of epithelial cells.

WWP1 targeting MUC1 for ubiquitin-mediated lysosomal degradation to suppress carcinogenesis

Dear Editor,Mucin 1(MUC1)contains N-and C-subunit that forms a heterodimer on the apical surface of luminal epithelial cells.Nevertheless,MUC1 is aberrantly overexpressed in various cancers,such as breast cancer,lung cancer,and prostatic cancer,which critically contributes to tumorigenesis and poor clinical outcomes.1 Several strategies have been developed for targeted-inhibition of MUC1 including vaccines,monoclonal antibodies(MAb),and polypeptide.

户籍制度改革下流动人口的权利塑造

流动人口问题一直是伴随着中国改革开放的一个重要社会问题。党的十八大以来,在全面深化改革的过程中,制约人口自由、平等流动的户籍制度得到深度调整。在这一背景下,本文试图通过一个个案,对流动人口在流入地的权利状况做一多主体审视,以了解户籍制度改革下不同主体对权利关系的重塑状况。研究发现,地方政府、流动人口、社会组织等主要相关主体在其中表现出了多重面向,并将流动人口的权利塑造为总体开放、碎片化获取与隐性状态。在这一过程中,尽管出现了一个弹性权利空间,但由于流动人口及其组织的缺席,流动人口的权利根本上还是由地方政府所决定,而行政分割体制成为其中的重要作用机制。

Biomarkers in oral immunotherapy

Food allergy(FA)is a global health problem that affects a large population,and thus effective treatment is highly desirable.Oral immunotherapy(OIT)has been showing reasonable efficacy and favorable safety in most FA subjects.Dependable biomarkers are needed for treatment assessment and outcome prediction during OIT.Several immunological indicators have been used as biomarkers in OIT,such as skin prick tests,basophil and mast cell reactivity,T cell and B cell responses,allergen-specific antibody levels,and cytokines.Other novel indicators also could be potential biomarkers.In this review,we discuss and assess the application of various immunological indicators as biomarkers for OIT.

Surgical treatment strategies for hemimasticatory spasms

To the Editor:Hemimasticatory spasm(HMS)is a relatively rare type of unilateral trigeminal nerve(TN)motor branch dysfunction,whose pathogenesis is currently unknown.The clinical manifestations of HMS are involuntary paroxysmal convulsions of the muscles innervated by the associated unilateral trigeminal motor branch.Recently,the academic community has proposed two etiologies for HMS:TN compression and central lesion theory.[1]Clinically,HMS must be distinguished from oromandibular dystonia,facial muscle spasm,multiple sclerosis pain spasm,and focal epilepsy.Generally,electromyography(EMG)can confirm the diagnosis.The current outcomes of multidrug and botulinum toxin injection treatments remain unsatisfactory.Only patients with cranial neurovascular conflicts have an excellent response to microvascular decompression(MVD)surgery.

Modeling the electrostatic effect on the hydrodynamic behavior in FCC risers： From understanding to application

A CFD simulation was proposed to investigate the electrostatic effect on the hydrodynamic behavior of turbulent gas-solid flow in FCC risers. The simulation was first verified using the open experimental data with expected electrostatic effects observed in FCC risers. The influences of several operating parameters on the degree of electrification in FCC risers were analyzed, such as surface charge densities, pressure, gas velocity. It was noted that the gas velocity played a highly significant role compared with solid flux, while the effect of pressure was relatively weak. Further analysis showed that a much stronger electrostatic effect was found in small-scale FCC risers than their large-scale counterparts, and in addition, the major regions affected by the electrostatic charge depend on the scale of the riser. Finally, an external electric field was applied to optimize the flow field distribution in the FCC riser. The results of the electrostatic effects on the hydrodynamic behaviors in FCC risers are of great use in providing a reference for the optimization of FCC risers and their scaling.