Soil productivity(SP) without external fertilization influence is an important indicator for the capacity of a soil to support crop yield.However,there have been difficulties in estimating values of SPs for soils afte...Soil productivity(SP) without external fertilization influence is an important indicator for the capacity of a soil to support crop yield.However,there have been difficulties in estimating values of SPs for soils after various long-term field treatments because the treatment without external fertilization is used but is depleted in soil nutrients,leading to erroneous estimation.The objectives of this study were to estimate the change of SP across different cropping seasons using pot experiments,and to evaluate the steady SP value(which is defined by the basal contribution of soil itself to crop yield) after various longterm fertilization treatments in soils at different geographical locations.The pot experiments were conducted in Jinxian of Jiangxi Province with paddy soil,Zhengzhou of Henan Province with fluvo-aquic soil,and Gongzhuling of Jilin Province with black soils,China.Soils were collected after long-term field fertilization treatments of no fertilizer(control;CK-F),chemical fertilizer(NPK-F),and combined chemical fertilizer with manure(NPKM-F).The soils received either no fertilizer(F0) or chemical fertilizer(F1) for 3-6 cropping seasons in pots,which include CK-P(control;no fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments),NPK-P(chemical fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments),and NPKM-P(combined chemical and organic fertilizers from long-term field experiments for pot experiments).The yield data were used to calculate SP values.The initial SP values were high,but decreased rapidly until a relatively steady SP was achieved at or after about three cropping seasons for paddy and fluvo-aquic soils.The steady SP values in the third cropping season from CK-P,NPK-P,and NPKM-P treatments were 37.7,44.1,and 50.0% in the paddy soil,34.2,38.1,and 50.0% in the fluvo-aquic soil,with the highest value observed in the NPKM-P treatment for all soils.However,further research is required in the black soils to incorporate more than three cropping seasons.The partial least squares path mode(PLS-PM) showed that total N(nitrogen) and C/N ratio(the ratio of soil organic carbon and total N) had positive effects on the steady SP for all three soils.These findings confirm the significance of the incorporation of manure for attaining high soil productivity.Regulation of the soil C/N ratio was the other main factor for steady SP through fertilization management.展开更多
试验于2018—2019年进行,选择2种不同分枝类型的品种(中作XA12938和中黄13)为供试材料,设置13.5×10^(4)(D1)、18.0×10^(4)(D2)、22.5×10^(4)(D3)、27.0×10^(4)(D4)、31.5×10^(4)(D5)和36.0×10^(4)株hm^(-...试验于2018—2019年进行,选择2种不同分枝类型的品种(中作XA12938和中黄13)为供试材料,设置13.5×10^(4)(D1)、18.0×10^(4)(D2)、22.5×10^(4)(D3)、27.0×10^(4)(D4)、31.5×10^(4)(D5)和36.0×10^(4)株hm^(-2)(D6)6个种植密度,研究增密种植对不同分枝类型品种叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累及分配、产量和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,随种植密度的提高,大豆LAI进入高值(>4)的时期提前,中作XA12938和中黄13分别从出苗后47.0 d和54.6 d(D1)提前至31.0 d和32.9 d(D6)。与中黄13相比,中作XA12938LAI高值持续期长且中后期降幅小。不同品种处理间干物质随密度的增加程度存在差异,结荚期中作XA12938和中黄13高密处理(D6)干重较低密处理(D1)干重分别提高77.53%和51.21%。随密度的提升,成熟期生殖器官干物质占比呈先增加后降低的趋势。产量随种植密度增加总体呈先增加后趋平的趋势,中作XA12938的最高产量出现在D5(5000.45 kg hm^(-2))处理,继续增加种植密度产量较稳定,中黄13两年最高产量分别出现在D4(4477.90 kg hm^(-2))和D5(3935.30 kg hm^(-2))处理,继续增加种植密度产量逐渐降低,中作XA12938的平均产量较中黄13产量显著提高22.37%。灰色关联度分析发现,中作XA12938植株高度和单位面积有效荚数与产量密切相关,而中黄13的单位面积有效粒数和重心高度与产量的关联度较高。适度增密可提高大豆LAI并延长其高值持续期、促进干物质积累、增加生殖器官的占比、提高大豆产量。在生产中可选用分枝调节能力较强品种,通过适当增加种植密度,从而提高产量,增加效益。展开更多
为了探究大豆(Glycine max(L.)Merrill)南种北引的饲用潜力,丰富黄土高原地区一年生豆科饲草资源,本研究将33个原产于我国东南、华南和西南地区的籽粒型晚熟大豆品种引种到陇东旱塬,测定其初花期干物质产量、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸...为了探究大豆(Glycine max(L.)Merrill)南种北引的饲用潜力,丰富黄土高原地区一年生豆科饲草资源,本研究将33个原产于我国东南、华南和西南地区的籽粒型晚熟大豆品种引种到陇东旱塬,测定其初花期干物质产量、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量,进一步用基于主成分和熵权法的综合多指标决策分析方法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)对饲用品质进行综合评价。结果表明,33个品种中具有干物质产量优势的有桂夏1号、桂夏5号、华夏3号、桂夏7号和桂夏4号。饲用品质较好的有南黑豆20、兰溪大黄豆、桂夏6号、桂夏7号和华夏3号。来自华南地区的华夏3号和桂夏7号是所有供试材料中产量和品质综合表现兼优的2个品种,可作为培育优质饲草大豆专用品种的候选材料。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300901 and 2016YFD0200101)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution of China (161032019035 and 161032019020)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2011CB100501)
文摘Soil productivity(SP) without external fertilization influence is an important indicator for the capacity of a soil to support crop yield.However,there have been difficulties in estimating values of SPs for soils after various long-term field treatments because the treatment without external fertilization is used but is depleted in soil nutrients,leading to erroneous estimation.The objectives of this study were to estimate the change of SP across different cropping seasons using pot experiments,and to evaluate the steady SP value(which is defined by the basal contribution of soil itself to crop yield) after various longterm fertilization treatments in soils at different geographical locations.The pot experiments were conducted in Jinxian of Jiangxi Province with paddy soil,Zhengzhou of Henan Province with fluvo-aquic soil,and Gongzhuling of Jilin Province with black soils,China.Soils were collected after long-term field fertilization treatments of no fertilizer(control;CK-F),chemical fertilizer(NPK-F),and combined chemical fertilizer with manure(NPKM-F).The soils received either no fertilizer(F0) or chemical fertilizer(F1) for 3-6 cropping seasons in pots,which include CK-P(control;no fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments),NPK-P(chemical fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments),and NPKM-P(combined chemical and organic fertilizers from long-term field experiments for pot experiments).The yield data were used to calculate SP values.The initial SP values were high,but decreased rapidly until a relatively steady SP was achieved at or after about three cropping seasons for paddy and fluvo-aquic soils.The steady SP values in the third cropping season from CK-P,NPK-P,and NPKM-P treatments were 37.7,44.1,and 50.0% in the paddy soil,34.2,38.1,and 50.0% in the fluvo-aquic soil,with the highest value observed in the NPKM-P treatment for all soils.However,further research is required in the black soils to incorporate more than three cropping seasons.The partial least squares path mode(PLS-PM) showed that total N(nitrogen) and C/N ratio(the ratio of soil organic carbon and total N) had positive effects on the steady SP for all three soils.These findings confirm the significance of the incorporation of manure for attaining high soil productivity.Regulation of the soil C/N ratio was the other main factor for steady SP through fertilization management.
文摘试验于2018—2019年进行,选择2种不同分枝类型的品种(中作XA12938和中黄13)为供试材料,设置13.5×10^(4)(D1)、18.0×10^(4)(D2)、22.5×10^(4)(D3)、27.0×10^(4)(D4)、31.5×10^(4)(D5)和36.0×10^(4)株hm^(-2)(D6)6个种植密度,研究增密种植对不同分枝类型品种叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累及分配、产量和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,随种植密度的提高,大豆LAI进入高值(>4)的时期提前,中作XA12938和中黄13分别从出苗后47.0 d和54.6 d(D1)提前至31.0 d和32.9 d(D6)。与中黄13相比,中作XA12938LAI高值持续期长且中后期降幅小。不同品种处理间干物质随密度的增加程度存在差异,结荚期中作XA12938和中黄13高密处理(D6)干重较低密处理(D1)干重分别提高77.53%和51.21%。随密度的提升,成熟期生殖器官干物质占比呈先增加后降低的趋势。产量随种植密度增加总体呈先增加后趋平的趋势,中作XA12938的最高产量出现在D5(5000.45 kg hm^(-2))处理,继续增加种植密度产量较稳定,中黄13两年最高产量分别出现在D4(4477.90 kg hm^(-2))和D5(3935.30 kg hm^(-2))处理,继续增加种植密度产量逐渐降低,中作XA12938的平均产量较中黄13产量显著提高22.37%。灰色关联度分析发现,中作XA12938植株高度和单位面积有效荚数与产量密切相关,而中黄13的单位面积有效粒数和重心高度与产量的关联度较高。适度增密可提高大豆LAI并延长其高值持续期、促进干物质积累、增加生殖器官的占比、提高大豆产量。在生产中可选用分枝调节能力较强品种,通过适当增加种植密度,从而提高产量,增加效益。
文摘为了探究大豆(Glycine max(L.)Merrill)南种北引的饲用潜力,丰富黄土高原地区一年生豆科饲草资源,本研究将33个原产于我国东南、华南和西南地区的籽粒型晚熟大豆品种引种到陇东旱塬,测定其初花期干物质产量、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量,进一步用基于主成分和熵权法的综合多指标决策分析方法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)对饲用品质进行综合评价。结果表明,33个品种中具有干物质产量优势的有桂夏1号、桂夏5号、华夏3号、桂夏7号和桂夏4号。饲用品质较好的有南黑豆20、兰溪大黄豆、桂夏6号、桂夏7号和华夏3号。来自华南地区的华夏3号和桂夏7号是所有供试材料中产量和品质综合表现兼优的2个品种,可作为培育优质饲草大豆专用品种的候选材料。
