响应面优化超声波辅助提取经烘烤预处理奇亚籽油工艺的研究

以奇亚籽为原料,采用超声波辅助提取奇亚籽油。通过单因素设计实验研究溶剂种类、料液比、超声时间、烘烤温度、烘烤时间对奇亚籽出油率的影响。在单因素实验基础上通过响应面法优化了超声波辅助提取经烘烤预处理奇亚籽油脂的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,超声波提取奇亚籽油脂的最佳工艺条件为烘烤温度160℃,烘烤时间46 min,料液比1∶17,超声时间55 min。在最优工艺条件下,奇亚籽的出油率为(39.41±0.72)%。奇亚籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,其中亚麻酸(C18∶3n3)质量分数最高为62.90%,亚油酸(C18∶2n6c)质量分数为18.25%。

顶空-气相色谱法同时测定维生素B_(1)片中9种溶剂残留量

目的 建立维生素B_(1)片中甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、甲酸乙酯、乙腈、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃和正庚烷9种残留有机溶剂气相色谱分离测定方法。方法 采用顶空毛细管气相色谱法,6%(V/V)氰丙基苯基-94%(V/V)二甲基聚硅氧烷(DB-624)为固定液的毛细管柱(30 m×0.530 mm×3.00 μm),氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),载气为氮气,溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)∶水(1∶1),按外标法计算残留溶剂的含量。结果 9种有机溶剂均能有效分离,峰响应与浓度均呈良好线性关系,相关系数r均大于0.999 64;平均回收率在92.2%~111.7%(n=9);精密度RSD值在0.3%~1.0%(n=6)。结论 该方法分离效果好、灵敏、可靠、准确,适用于维生素B1片中9种溶剂残留量的同时测定。

不同厂家维生素B_(1)片有关物质对比与研究

目的:统一规范维生素B_(1)片质量标准,优化有关物质检测方法,简化操作,保证试验结果真实可靠。方法:采用AiChrom-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以3.764 g/L己烷磺酸钠(磷酸调节pH值为3.1)为流动相A,甲醇∶乙腈(1∶1)为流动相B,梯度洗脱,对维生素B_(1)有关物质进行分离;采用加校正因子的主成分自身对照法对维生素B_(1)中的8个已知杂质进行定性和定量分析。结果:维生素B_(1)与有关物质分离良好。17家企业生产的维生素B_(1)片检出11种杂质。结论:建立的方法专属性良好,可有效地分离和测定维生素B_(1)片中的有关物质。本研究为维生素B_(1)有关物质杂质谱的研究提供科学参考。

基于GIS的关键性生态空间辨识——以鄱阳湖生态经济区为例

生态空间承担着维持区域生态平衡的使命,并为社会提供持续不断的生态空间服务,是区域土地生态能持续地提供自然空间服务的基本保障。以自然生态环境脆弱的鄱阳湖生态经济区为研究区,结合国内外学者的相关实践经验和研究成果,基于RS和GIS等相关空间信息技术,通过生态系统服务功能重要性评价和生态系统敏感性评价方法,因地制宜地选取了相应评价指标,以栅格为单元辨识了鄱阳湖生态经济区关键性生态空间。研究结果表明:鄱阳湖生态经济区关键性生态空间面积为27751.25 km^2,占研究区总面积的52.55%,其中底线型生态空间面积为17125.31 km^2,占研究区总面积三分之一,危机型生态空间面积为4431.19 km^2,占研究区总面积的8.39%,缓冲型生态空间面积为6194.75 km^2,占研究区总面积的11.73%。在现状土地利用生态安全冲突分析中,有14.29%的耕地、9.31%的建设用地处于关键性生态区内。

沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠与雷米普利治疗老年急性失代偿心力衰竭合并肺动脉高压患者的效果比较

目的:比较沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠与雷米普利治疗老年急性失代偿心力衰竭(ADHF)合并肺动脉高压(PAH)的效果。方法:选取2020年11月—2022年11月于福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院就诊的100例ADHF合并PAH老年患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,各50例。对照组予以雷米普利治疗,观察组予以沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗。比较两组治疗效果、治疗前后血清指标和心功能指标、不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗3个月后,观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗3个月后,两组N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)、转化生长因子β_(1)(TGF-β_(1))水平较治疗前降低,6分钟步行试验(6MWT)、心排血量及左心室射血分数(LVEF)水平较治疗前升高,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗期间不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗老年ADHF合并PAH较雷米普利的临床效果显著,可明显提升心脏功能,改善血清相关指标,且安全性良好。

麸金樱子中没食子酸的提取工艺优化

目的:优选麸金樱子中没食子酸的提取工艺。方法:采用正交试验法,以没食子酸的含量为指标,对甲醇浓度、水浴温度和提取时间加以考察,选择最佳的提取工艺,并以高效液相法色谱测定没食子酸的含量。结果:没食子酸的最佳提取工艺为:取饮片细粉0.5 g加70%的甲醇,75℃水浴回流30 min。结论:通过正交试验法优选的金樱子中没食子酸的提取工艺稳定,可行。

检验检测机构基础设施建设促进科技创新的研究

面对“十四五”国家战略科技支撑需求,检验检测行业发展事关国家经济更高质量、更有效率、更可持续、更加公平、更为安全的全面发展。随着我国社会经济高速发展,“中国制造”更多地出现在了世界舞台之上。在这成功的背后,检验检测工作功不可没。本文针对检验检测机构进行研究,从检验检测机构的资源概况入手,重点对江西省检验检测机构基本情况及发展中存在的问题及具体解决措施进行深入分析,以此促进科技创新,推动检验检测行业的发展。希望本研究能在一定程度上对提高我国检验检测机构整体水平和促进科技创新能力提供参考。

HPLC法同时测定麸金樱子中3种成分的含量

目的建立HPLC法同时测定麸金樱子中3种成分(没食子酸、芦丁和鞣花酸)的含量。方法采用HPLC法测定,色谱柱:Cosmosil 5C18-MS-Ⅱ柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈(A)-0.05%磷酸溶液(B),梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL/min;柱温为30℃;检测波长为272 nm;进样量为10μL。结果没食子酸、芦丁和鞣花酸分别在9.1958~45.9788μg/mL、19.3826~193.8260μg/mL、10.9230~54.6150μg/mL的范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998、0.9992、0.9999);平均加样回收率(n=6)分别为93.25%、92.18%、92.95%,RSD分别为1.2%、1.7%、1.9%。结论建立的麸金樱子中没食子酸、芦丁和鞣花酸的含量测定方法重复性好,稳定可靠,可为麸金樱子的质量控制提供参考。

Spatio-temporal difference analysis of cultivated land use intensity based on emergy in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone of China

Taking the emergy requirements of the five input indexes as the foundation, this paper analyzes the total temporal and spatial changes in cultivated land use intensity in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone from 2000 to 2010. The results are obtained as follows： （1） Over a period of 10 years, the cultivated land use intensity has increased exponentially in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone; agricultural machinery intensity has been the largest proportion of the total inputs, comprising more than 99.50% and increasing year by year, which indicates that agricultural mechanization is a basic trend in agricultural development in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone. （2） The total number of counties belonging to the moderate- and low- intensity cultivated land use categories is the largest, while the number of counties belonging to the high-intensity cultivated land use and extensive cultivated land use categories is the smallest. （3） This zone can be divided into five areas： an eastern area of high-intensity cultivated land use, a central and eastern area of low-intensity cultivated land use, a central area of low-intensity cultivated land use, a southern area of moderate-intensity cultivated land use, and a northern area of moderate-intensity cultivated land use. （4） The counties which had a coordinated development between cultivated land use intensity and their socio-economic development level increase year by year, and the socio-economic development level had increasingly obvious effects on the cultivated land use intensity. Finally, this paper presents suggestions for the development of cultivated land use intensity in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone, especially for different levels of intensity among counties.

Spatial Behavior Characteristics of Land Use based on Fractal Theory:Taking Poyang Lake Area as an Example

Landscape morphology can reflect the spatial behavior of land use.Using the Poyang Lake area as an example,the landscape pattern characteristics in 1995,2000,2015,and 2018 are determined by calculating the fractal dimension,fractal stability,patch density,patch shape fragmentation,and landscape isolation,and fractal theory is used to analyze the spatial behavior of land use.The results show that building land was the land use type which consistently had the highest fractal dimension,but the fractal dimension of building land shows a downward trend,indicating that the spatial form of building land gradually developed in an orderly direction under the action of land use spatial behavior.Paddy,dryland,and forested land were the land use types which always had the lowest fractal dimension,and they are in unstable states.The calculation results of patch density,patch shape fragmentation index,and landscape isolation index supported the conclusions of the fractal analysis.One recommendation for realizing the rational layout of the land is to reduce the fractal dimension of building land through scientific and reasonable planning and to guide the orderly development of building land.For natural landscapes such as forested land,shrub forest land,high-coverage grassland,and water area,their fractal dimensions should be increased to reduce human interference and maintain their stability.Finally,the results of this study suggest that the fractal dimension should be introduced into the National Spatial Planning,and used as an index for evaluating the rationality of the regional land use pattern.

基于GIS的生态修复优先区识别:以中国修水县为例

科学识别生态修复优先区域,是国土空间规划和生态保护的关键和难点。本文以南方生态脆弱区修水县为例,基于格局-过程原理,运用GIS空间分析技术,构建包含生态系统服务重要性、生态系统敏感性在内的生态修复区域识别的指标体系,探讨区域生态修复优先区域的识别方法。结果表明:(1)案例区生态修复优先区总面积为2880.64 km^(2),占研究区总面积的63.93%。(2)在主要生态修复优先区内,耕地面积为210.83 km^(2),建设用地面积为122.52 km^(2),分别占总面积的55.35%和51.43%。确定不同等级生态修复优先区可以为决策者区分生态退化区域修复需求的轻重缓急,也能够为不同程度退化区域采取有针对性的生态修复措施提供依据。生态修复优先区的确定为国土空间生态安全格局的保护和建设提供了基础信息,对于区域生态环境安全的改善和人与自然和谐共同体的构建具有重要意义。

Evolution Characteristics of Urban Land Use Efficiency under Environmental Constraints in China

In the context of high-quality economic development and coordinated regional development,this paper measures the urban land use efficiency of 275 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2016,taking into account the unexpected output(environmental pollution),and explores the temporal and spatial evolution of urban land use efficiency through kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis.The results show that:(1)From 2003 to 2016,China’s urban land use efficiency showed an overall fluctuating growth,but it remained at a low level.The mean value of urban land use efficiency has been gradually decreasing in east,west and central regions.(2)In the whole country and the eastern,central and western regions,the regional differences have been increasing,and the efficiency values of the whole country and the east have become polarized.(3)Urban land use efficiency shows a weak spatial positive correlation,but the degree of spatial agglomeration is increasing.High-high agglomeration areas are mostly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas,and extend into the central region,while most of the high-low polarized areas are the capital cities of the central and western regions.The low-high depressed areas are scattered around the high-value accumulation areas,some of which have turned into high-high agglomeration areas during the study period,while the low-low homogeneous areas are mainly distributed in the central,western and northeastern regions.Therefore,it is proposed that strengthening the utilization of urban stock land,strengthening the regional cooperation mechanism,and formulating policies which improve the efficiency of land use are effective ways to promote the intensive and economical use of urban land,as well as regional coordinated development.