不同糊化度马铃薯淀粉的黏度及凝胶特性分析

为探究不同糊化度马铃薯淀粉黏度及其凝胶特性的差异,本研究将马铃薯淀粉乳(料液比1:9)分别置于59℃和60℃条件下加热1、3、6、9、12、15、18 min,制备出糊化度为38.70%~91.13%的马铃薯淀粉样品。测定了不同糊化度马铃薯淀粉的黏度,微观结构,凝胶强度及弹力,并分析了马铃薯淀粉理化特性与其糊化度的相关性。结果表明,随水热处理温度升高和时间延长,马铃薯淀粉颗粒逐渐破裂,椭圆形特征形貌逐渐消失。马铃薯淀粉黏度,凝胶强度及弹力与其糊化度有显著的线性相关性(p<0.01)。随糊化度的增大,预糊化马铃薯淀粉黏度由0.17m J增加至3.40m J。未经二次加热的不同糊化度马铃薯淀粉凝胶强度和弹力随初始糊化度的增大而显著增大,但经二次加热完全糊化的马铃薯淀粉凝胶的强度和弹力随初始糊化度的增大而显著降低。不同程度的预糊化处理显著改变了马铃薯淀粉的黏度及凝胶特性。

草莓多糖树脂法脱色工艺优化及其化学性质研究

通过不同大孔树脂对草莓多糖脱色率、保留率和选择系数筛选效率最高的大孔树脂进行草莓多糖脱色参数优化,对草莓多糖的化学成分、单糖组成、分子量、光谱特性、抗氧化活性以及α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶的抑制作用进行研究。结果表明,NKA-9大孔树脂效率最高,其最优脱色参数为:样品初始浓度30 mg/mL,时间60 min,温度50℃,pH8.0。动态吸附试验表明当上样液体积和上样液流速分别为4.5 BV、3.0 BV/h时,草莓多糖脱色率、保留率和选择系数分别为91.24%±1.32%、78.86%±1.21%、8.24%±0.21%。NKA-9大孔树脂可有效吸附草莓多糖色素,但是脱色处理后草莓多糖抗氧化能力降低。草莓多糖是一种酸性杂多糖,主要由糖(78.23%±0.56%,w/w)、糖醛酸(8.56%±0.19%,w/w)、蛋白质(6.14%±0.63%,w/w)组成。草莓多糖由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖醛酸组成,物质的量比为1.00∶0.67∶0.69∶0.80∶0.65∶0.29∶0.69。草莓多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶具有抑制活性,动力学分析结果表明草莓多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制类型分别为混合型抑制特征和非竞争性抑制类型,脱色处理后草莓多糖对酶抑制活性显著增强。

Progress of potato staple food research and industry development in China

Potato is the largest non-cereal food crop worldwide and ranked as the world＇s fourth most important food crop after rice, wheat, and maize. Potato is a vital food-security crop and substitute for cereal crop considering its high yield and great nutritive value. Therefore, by replacing wheat, rice or maize in traditional staple foods partly by potato, the nutritional value of traditional foods and the utilization of potato are expected to be improved. China is the largest potato producer worldwide in terms of either volume or area. However, majority of potatoes are consumed as fresh vegetables for cuisine, and the industrial processing rate is much lower than the global average. Thus, research and development for nutritional potato stable food suitable for the dietary habits of Chinese residents are of great significance. However, we still confronted plenty of constraints in the development of potato staple food. In order to develop potato staple food suitable for Chinese residents＇ dietary habit like noodles, Mantou（steamed bread）, rice and rice noodles, also to industrialize production of potato staple foods, some transformations need to be realized. Independent innovation is the only choice to realize the potato staple food processing and industrial development strategy on the technical level. Thus a lot of researches have been done to promote the development of potato staple food in China. Up to now, we already developed a series kinds of potato staple foods and some of these staple foods have already been widely promoted in Chinese markets.

胃肠道手术患者术后感染病原菌及感染危险因素分析

目的探究胃肠道手术患者术后感染病原菌及其感染高危因素,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法选择2017年1月至2019年10月于我院行胃肠道手术的106例患者为研究对象,检测感染患者病原菌分布,同时检测感染与非感染患者肠道菌群情况,分析患者术后感染的相关危险因素。结果 106例胃肠道手术患者中感染18例(16.98%),共分离出病原菌23株,其中革兰阴性菌占52.17%(12/23),以大肠埃希菌(34.78%,8/23)为主;革兰阳性菌占43.48%(10/23),以金黄色葡萄球菌(26.09%,6/23)为主;真菌占4.35%(1/23)。感染患者肠道大肠埃希菌、肠杆菌数量均明显高于未感染患者,双歧杆菌数量明显低于未感染患者(均P<0.05)。Logistic分析显示,年龄>60岁、急诊手术、普通手术室、参观手术人数>3人、手术时间>2 h、接台手术均为胃肠道手术患者术后感染的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论胃肠道手术患者术后感染风险较高,同时会出现肠道菌群失衡。重视患者高危因素对提高患者手术效果,调整肠道菌群失衡和改善患者预后意义重大。

不同品种小麦粉对马铃薯面条食用品质的影响

为筛选出适宜加工马铃薯面条的小麦粉品种,本研究比较分析了双福02-1、永良4、奎冬5、济南17、山农15和新冬18六种不同品种小麦粉对马铃薯面条蒸煮损失、拉伸特性、TPA质构特性的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对其内部结构进行观察。结果表明:在马铃薯全粉添加量20%,小麦粉添加量80%,面团含水量35%的条件下,济南17和山农15两种小麦粉制得马铃薯面条的蒸煮损失、拉伸特性、质构特性等品质指标均显著优于其他4种小麦粉。扫描电镜结果表明,济南17和山农15马铃薯干面内部结构更加致密,空隙率更小。由双福02-1、永良4小麦粉制得马铃薯面条感官品质整体较差。综合以上结果,六种小麦粉中济南17和山农15较适合制作马铃薯面条,而双福02-1和永良4制作的马铃薯面条加工适应性较差。