Mental disorders such as depression and anxiety inflict significant burdens on individuals and society.Commonly prescribed treatments often involve cognitive therapy and medications.However,for patients resistant to t...Mental disorders such as depression and anxiety inflict significant burdens on individuals and society.Commonly prescribed treatments often involve cognitive therapy and medications.However,for patients resistant to these conventional methods,alternative therapies like the Ketogenic Diet(KD)offer a promising avenue.KD and its key metabolite,β-hydroxybutyrate(BHB),have been hypothesized to alleviate mental disorders through antiinflammatory actions,a crucial pathway in the pathophysiology of depression.This mini-review examines 15 clinical trials exploring the influence of KD and BHB on inflammation and their potential roles in managing mental disorders.Both human and animal studies were scrutinized to elucidate possible cellular and molecular mechanisms.Out of the 15 trials,10 reported reduced levels of at least one inflammatory mediator or mRNA post KD or BHB treatment,while two observed an elevation in anti-inflammatory agents.These findings suggest that KD and BHB could modulate cellular inflammatory pathways,highlighting their potential for therapeutic application in mental disorders.展开更多
‘Chinese Cling’is an important founder in peach breeding history due to the pleasant flavor.Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)combined with genomic selection are promising tools in fruit tree breeding,as there is...‘Chinese Cling’is an important founder in peach breeding history due to the pleasant flavor.Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)combined with genomic selection are promising tools in fruit tree breeding,as there is a considerable time lapse between crossing and release of a cultivar.In this study,242 peaches from Shanghai germplasm were genotyped with 145456 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).The six agronomic traits of fruit flesh color,fruit shape,fruit hairiness,flower type,pollen sterility,and soluble solids content,along with 14 key volatile odor compounds(VOCs),were recorded for multiple-statistical GWAS.Except the reported candidate genes,six novel genes were identified as associated with these traits.Thirty-nine significant SNPs were associated with eight VOCs.The putative candidate genes were confirmed for VOCs by RNA-seq,including three genes in the biosynthesis pathway found to be associated with linalool,soluble solids content,and cis-3-hexenyl acetate.Multiple-trait genomic prediction enhanced the predictive ability forγ-decalactone to 0.7415 compared with the single-trait model value of 0.1017.One PTS1-SSR marker was designed to predict the linalool content,and the favorable genotype 187/187 was confirmed,mainly existing in the‘Shanghai Shuimi’landrace.Overall,our findings will be helpful in determining peach accessions with the ideal phenotype and show the potential of multiple-trait genomic prediction to improve accuracy for highly correlated genetic traits.The diagnostic marker will be valuable for the breeder to bridge the gap between quantitative trait loci and marker-assisted selection for developing strong-aroma cultivars.展开更多
基金Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province,No.20210402019GH,Fundamental Research Funds of Jilin University,Seed Fund,No.2021ZZ021Jilin Province Education Science Planning Project,No.GH21006 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.2022CXTD03.
文摘Mental disorders such as depression and anxiety inflict significant burdens on individuals and society.Commonly prescribed treatments often involve cognitive therapy and medications.However,for patients resistant to these conventional methods,alternative therapies like the Ketogenic Diet(KD)offer a promising avenue.KD and its key metabolite,β-hydroxybutyrate(BHB),have been hypothesized to alleviate mental disorders through antiinflammatory actions,a crucial pathway in the pathophysiology of depression.This mini-review examines 15 clinical trials exploring the influence of KD and BHB on inflammation and their potential roles in managing mental disorders.Both human and animal studies were scrutinized to elucidate possible cellular and molecular mechanisms.Out of the 15 trials,10 reported reduced levels of at least one inflammatory mediator or mRNA post KD or BHB treatment,while two observed an elevation in anti-inflammatory agents.These findings suggest that KD and BHB could modulate cellular inflammatory pathways,highlighting their potential for therapeutic application in mental disorders.
基金This work was supported by funds from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD1000801)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23 N11900400)+2 种基金Hu Nong Ke Chuang Zi(2021)1-1,Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties,China(2021C02066-4)the Outstanding Team Program of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science(2022-004)the‘Pangao’Program of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science.
文摘‘Chinese Cling’is an important founder in peach breeding history due to the pleasant flavor.Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)combined with genomic selection are promising tools in fruit tree breeding,as there is a considerable time lapse between crossing and release of a cultivar.In this study,242 peaches from Shanghai germplasm were genotyped with 145456 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).The six agronomic traits of fruit flesh color,fruit shape,fruit hairiness,flower type,pollen sterility,and soluble solids content,along with 14 key volatile odor compounds(VOCs),were recorded for multiple-statistical GWAS.Except the reported candidate genes,six novel genes were identified as associated with these traits.Thirty-nine significant SNPs were associated with eight VOCs.The putative candidate genes were confirmed for VOCs by RNA-seq,including three genes in the biosynthesis pathway found to be associated with linalool,soluble solids content,and cis-3-hexenyl acetate.Multiple-trait genomic prediction enhanced the predictive ability forγ-decalactone to 0.7415 compared with the single-trait model value of 0.1017.One PTS1-SSR marker was designed to predict the linalool content,and the favorable genotype 187/187 was confirmed,mainly existing in the‘Shanghai Shuimi’landrace.Overall,our findings will be helpful in determining peach accessions with the ideal phenotype and show the potential of multiple-trait genomic prediction to improve accuracy for highly correlated genetic traits.The diagnostic marker will be valuable for the breeder to bridge the gap between quantitative trait loci and marker-assisted selection for developing strong-aroma cultivars.