高精度自动整分装置的开发与应用

台体类零件在精加工过程中易变形,多次装夹会产生累积定位误差,导致加工效率低且质量不易保证。此外,装夹找正等辅助工作占据整个加工周期的绝大多数时间,设备利用率低。针对上述问题,研制了高精度自动整分装置并应用于台体零件的精密加工中,结合零点定位技术,实现了一次装夹,5个面、多个工序的柔性化加工,避免了多次装夹产生的装夹误差,提高了零件的加工效率和精度。同时,将装夹过程转移到机床外进行,实现加工和装夹并行,大幅提高机床利用率,为实现柔性自动化加工奠定了基础。

Model simulation of thermal environment and energy effects of rooftop distributed photovoltaics

Rooftop distributed photovoltaic(DPV)systems show promise for alleviating the energy crisis resulting from summer urban cooling demands and mitigating secondary hazards associated with urban heat islands.In this study,a parametric scheme for rooftop DPVs was incorporated into the Weather,Research and Forecasting model.The period from August 12–16,2022,during a heatwave in Jiangsu Province,China,was selected as the weather background to simulate the impact of rooftop DPVs with varying power generation efficiencies on urban thermal environments and energy supply.The results indicate that(1)rooftop DPVs reduce urban air temperatures at 2 m by weakening the solar radiation reaching the surface.As solar panel efficiency improves,the cooling effects become more significant,particularly at night.Day and night air temperatures at 2 m can decrease by approximately 0.1°C–0.4°C and 0.2°C–0.7°C,respectively;(2)Installing rooftop DPVs can lower boundary layer temperatures,with pronounced cooling effects during the day(up to 0.7°C at 08:00)and night(up to 0.6°C at 20:00);(3)If all buildings are equipped with rooftop DPVs,the electricity generated could meet Jiangsu Province’s total electricity demand during heatwaves.With 30%generation efficiency and rooftop DPVs installed at 40%of buildings,the electricity produced can meet the entire electricity demand.

云南省昆明市城市癌症早诊早治项目:肺癌高危人群评估及筛查效果分析

背景与目的肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤,预后较差,5年生存率较低,早期筛查是肺癌防治的重要措施。目前,不同国家和地区发布了相应的肺癌筛查指南,但我国仍缺乏基于中国人群研究的指南。因此,国家癌症中心在全国启动了多中心的城市癌症早诊早治项目研究。本研究分析了城市癌症早诊早治项目中云南省单中心的肺癌高危人群评估模型及临床筛查应用效果,为探索适合我国国情的肺癌高危人群评估模型及制定和更新中国人群肺癌筛查指南提供一定的参考依据。方法采取整群抽样的方法,于2015年1月-2019年12月对云南省昆明市4个主城区36个街道办事处165,337人进行问卷调查及肺癌风险评估,评估为高风险者进行胸部低剂量计算机断层扫描(low-dose computed tomography,LDCT)筛查。同时对所有参与者进行主动随访和被动随访,获得详细的临床结局,进行统计分析。结果整体人群5年间经病理确诊肺癌患者264例,总体肺癌发生率为0.16%(264/165,337),高风险组(0.31%,116/37,914)高于非高风险组(0.12%,148/127,423),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不同性别和不同年龄的亚组分析显示高风险组肺癌发生率均高于非高风险组,均有统计学差异(P<0.001),但在未进行LDCT筛查组无统计学差异(P=0.73)。肺癌高危人群评估模型的敏感性为43.94%(116/264),特异性为77.10%(127,275/165,073)。筛查组早诊率为72.97%(54/74),明显高于非筛查组的28.48%(43/151)。结论国家重大公共卫生服务项目城市癌症筛查项目肺癌高危人群评估模型能有效检出高风险人群,提高肺癌早诊率。

Single‑Layer ZnO Hollow Hemispheres Enable High‑Performance Self‑Powered Perovskite Photodetector for Optical Communication

The carrier transport layer with reflection reduction morphology has attracted extensive attention for improving the utilization of light.Herein,we introduced single-layer hollow ZnO hemisphere arrays(ZHAs)behaving light trapping effect as the electron transport layer in perovskite photodetectors(PDs).The singlelayer hollow ZHAs can not only reduce the reflection,but also widen the angle of the effective incident light and especially transfer the distribution of the optical field from the ZnO/FTO interface to the perovskite active layer confirmed by the 3D finitedifference time-domain simulation.These merits benefit for the generation,transport and separation of carriers,improving the light utilization efficiency.Finally,our optimized FTO/ZHA/CsPbBr3/carbon structure PDs showed high self-powered performance with a linear dynamic range of 120.3 dB,a detectivity of 4.2×10^(12) Jones,rise/fall time of 13/28μs and the f_(−3) dB of up to 28 kHz.Benefiting from the high device performance,the PD was demonstrated to the application in the directional transmission of encrypted files as the signal receiving port with super high accuracy.This work uniquely utilizes the features of high-performance self-powered perovskite PDs in optical communication,paving the path to wide applications of all-inorganic perovskite PDs.

Genetic polymorphisms in HIFIA are associated with prostate cancer risk in a Chinese population

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α（HIF-1α） plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Genetic variations of HIFIA （coding HIF-1α） have been shown to influence an individual＇s susceptibility to many human tumors; however, evidence on associations between HIFIA single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and prostate cancer （PCa） risk is conflicting. We genotyped three potentially functional polymorphisms in HIFIA （rs11549465, rs11549467 and rs2057482） using the TaqMan method and assessed their associations with PCa risk in a case-control study of 662 PCa patients and 716 controls in a Chinese Hart population. Compared with rs 11549467 GG genotype, the variant genotypes GA ＋AA had a significantly increased PCa risk （adjusted odds ratio （OR）= 1.70; 95% confidence interval （C1）= 1.06-2.72）, particularly among older patients （0R=2.01; 95%C1 = 1.05-3.86）, smokers （0R=2.06; 95%C1 = 1.07-3.99）, never drinkers （OR=2.16; 95%C1 = 1.20-3.86） and patients without a family history of cancer （OR= 1.71; 95%C1= 1.02-2.89）. Furthermore, patients with rs11549467 variant genotypes were associated with a higher Gleason score （OR=2.14; 95%CI = 1.22-3.75）. No altered PCa risk was associated with the rs 11549465 and rs2057482 polymorphism. However, the combined variant genotypes of rs2057482 and rs 11549467 were associated with increased PCa risk （0R=2.10; 95%C1= 1.23-3.57 among subjects carrying three or more risk alleles）. These results suggest that HIFIA polymorphisms may impact PCa susceptibility and progression in the Chinese Han population.

Defect Passivation on Lead-Free CsSnI_(3) Perovskite Nanowires Enables High-Performance Photodetectors with Ultra-High Stability

In recent years,Pb-free CsSnI_(3) perovskite materials with excellent photoelectric properties as well as low toxicity are attracting much atten-tion in photoelectric devices.However,deep level defects in CsSnI_(3),such as high density of tin vacancies,structural deformation of SnI_(6)−octahedra and oxidation of Sn^(2+)states,are the major challenge to achieve high-performance CsSnI_(3)-based photoelectric devices with good stability.In this work,defect passivation method is adopted to solve the above issues,and the ultra-stable and high-performance CsSnI_(3) nanowires(NWs)photodetectors(PDs)are fabricated via incorporating 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride salt(BMIMCl)into perovskites.Through materials analysis and theoretical calculations,BMIM+ions can effectively passivate the Sn-related defects and reduce the dark current of CsSnI_(3) NW PDs.To further reduce the dark current of the devices,the polymethyl methacrylate is introduced,and finally,the dual passivated CsSnI_(3) NWPDs show ultra-high performance with an ultra-low dark current of 2×10^(-11) A,a responsivity of up to 0.237 A W^(−1),a high detectivity of 1.18×10^(12) Jones and a linear dynamic range of 180 dB.Furthermore,the unpackaged devices exhibit ultra-high stability in device performance after 60 days of storage in air(25℃,50% humidity),with the device performance remaining above 90%.

Ship Trajectory Prediction Based on BP Neural Network

In recent years,with the prosperity of world trade,the water transport industry has developed rapidly,the number of ships has surged,and ship safety accidents in busy waters and complex waterways have become more frequent.Predicting the movement of the ship and analyzing the trajectory of the ship are of great significance for improving the safety level of the ship.Aiming at the multi-dimensional characteristics of ship navigation behavior and the accuracy and real-time requirements of ship traffic service system for ship trajectory prediction,a ship navigation trajectory prediction method combining ship automatic identification system information and Back Propagation(BP)neural network are proposed.According to the basic principle of BP neural network structure,the BP neural network is trained by taking the characteristic values of ship navigation behavior at three consecutive moments as input and the characteristic values of ship navigation behavior at the fourth moment as output to predict the future ship navigation trajectory.Based on the Automatic Identification System(AIS)information of the waters near the Nanpu Bridge in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,the results show that the method is used to predict the ship's navigational behavior eigenvalues accurately and in real time.Compared with the traditional kinematics prediction trajectory method,the model can effectively predict ship navigation.The trajectory improves the accuracy of the ship's motion situation prediction,and has the advantages of high computational efficiency and strong versatility,and the error is within an acceptable range.

Association of erythropoietin gene rs576236 polymorphism and risk of adrenal tumors in a Chinese population

Erythropoietin（EPO） is a circulating glycosylated protein hormone and has been implicated in the development and progression of non-hematopoietic tissue tumors.The objective of the present study was to determine if the EPO rs576236 polymorphism was associated with the risk of adrenal tumors.We genotyped the EPO rs576236 polymorphism in a case-control study of 288 adrenal tumor patients and 456 cancer-free controls by using the TaqMan method,and assessed the association between the polymorphism and the adrenal tumor risk by logistic regression.Furthermore,95%confidence interval（CI） was used to assess the genetic association between the polymorphism and the risk of adrenal tumor.Compared with the TT genotype,the TC genotype had a significantly increased risk of adrenal tumor[adjusted odds ratio（OR） = 1.24,95%CI = 1.12-2.22].Furthermore a significantly increased risk of adrenal tumor was found in the combined variant genotypes TC＋CC compared with the TT genotype（adjusted OR = 1.17,95%CI = 1.12-2.21）.Our present study suggests that the rs576236 polymorphism of EPO confers susceptibility to adrenal tumor in the Chinese population.

Perovskite nanowire networks for photodetectors

Metal halide perovskite nanowires(PNWs)have attrac-ted great attention not only because they have some advant-ages,such as long carrier diffusion length,high absorption coefficient,and low defect state density,etc.[1−3],but also be-cause the nanowires perform efficient charge carrier transport-ing and possess large surface-to-volume ratio,driving PNWs to be applied in solar cells[4,5],lasers[6],and photodetectors(PDs)[7,8].Up to now,the high-performance PNW devices are all based on single nanowire or nanowire arrays[7,8].The com-plexity of the preparation process,the poor reproducibility and the high cost block the large-area fabrication and commer-cial application.

Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio predicts overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio(FAR)has been found to be of prognostic significance for several types of malignant tumors.However,less is known about the association between FAR and survival outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients.AIM To explore the association between FAR and prognosis and survival in patients with HCC.METHODS A total of 366 histologically confirmed HCC patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2018 in a provincial cancer hospital in southwestern China were retrospectively selected.Relevant data were extracted from the hospital information system.The optimal cutoff for baseline serum FAR measured upon disease diagnosis was established using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the crude and adjusted associations between FAR and the overall survival(OS)of the HCC patients while controlling for various covariates.The restricted cubic spline(RCS)was applied to estimate the dose-response trend in the FAR-OS association.RESULTS The optimal cutoff value for baseline FAR determined by the ROC was 0.081.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that a lower baseline serum FAR level was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.43(95%confidence interval:1.87–3.15)in the OS of HCC patients,with identifiable dose-response trend in the RCS.Subgroup analysis showed that this FAR-OS association was more prominent in HCC patients with a lower baseline serum aspartate aminotransferase or carbohydrate antigen 125 level.CONCLUSION Serum FAR is a prominent prognostic indicator for HCC.Intervention measures aimed at reducing FAR might result in survival benefit for HCC patients.

Stable isotopes reveal varying water sources of Caragana microphylla in a desert-oasis ecotone near the Badain Jaran Desert

Understanding the variation in a plant’s water sources is critical to understanding hydrological processes in water-limited environments. Here, we measured the stable-isotope ratios(δ18 O) of xylem water of Caragana microphylla, precipitation,soil water from different depths, and groundwater to quantitatively analyze the proportion of water sources for the shrub.We found that the water sources of C. microphylla differed with the plant’s ages and the seasons. The main water source for young shrubs was upper-soil water, and it showed significant changes with seasonal precipitation inputs. In summer,the proportion contributed by shallow water was significantly increased with increased precipitation inputs. Then, the contribution from shallow-soil water decreased with the decline in precipitation input in spring and autumn. However, the adult shrubs resorted to deep-soil layers and groundwater as the main water sources during the whole growing season and showed much less seasonal variation. We conclude that the main water source of the young shrubs was upper-soil water and was controlled by precipitation inputs. However, once the shrub gradually grew up and the roots reached sufficient depth, the main water sources change from the upper-soil layer recharged by precipitation to deep-soil water and groundwater, which were relatively stable and abundant in the desert ecosystem. These results also suggest that desert shrubs may be able to switch their main water sources to deep and reliable water sources as their age increases, and this adjustment to water availability carries significant importance for their acclimation to the desert habitat.

Development of TD-BEM Formulation for Dynamic Analysis for Twin-Parallel Circular Tunnels in an Elastic Semi-Innite Medium

In order to simulate the propagation process of subway vibration of parallel tunnels in semi-infinite rocks or soils,time domain boundary element method(TD-BEM)formulation for analyzing the dynamic response of twin-parallel circular tunnels in an elastic semi-infinite medium is developed in this paper.The time domain boundary integral equations of displacement and stress for the elastodynamic problem are presented based on Betti’s reciprocal work theorem,ignoring contributions from initial conditions and body forces.In the process of establishing time domain boundary integral equations,some virtual boundaries are constructed between finite boundaries and the free boundary to form a boundary to refer to the time domain boundary integral equations for a single circular tunnel under dynamic loads.The numerical treatment and solving process of time domain boundary integral equations are given in detail,including temporal discretization,spatial discretization and the assembly of the influencing coefficients.In the process of the numerical implementation,infinite boundary elements are incorporated in time domain boundary element method formulation to satisfy stress free conditions on the ground surface,in addition,to reduce the discretization of the boundary of the ground surface.The applicability and efficiency of the presented time domain boundary element formulation are verified by a deliberately designed example.

Culture of Eriocheir sinensis Larvae in Ponds in Greenhouse

A total of 15 pools were selected from a greenhouse, and they were randomly and evenly divided into three groups.In each group, one stocking density of Eriocheir sinensis was arranged. The results showed that after 45-d culture, the crab number per kilogram reached about 300 with survival rate of about 20%; the initial stocking density had significantly effect on the body size of E. sinensis on sell, instead on the survival rate of E. sinensis larvae. Therefore, it is feasible to conduct the culture of E. sinensis larvae in a pool in greenhouse.

SMA-origami coupling:online configuration switches and stability property modulation

Active folding is a crucial requirement for practical applications of multi-stable origami structures.However,research on integrating active materials with origami structures to enable quick configuration switching and modulation of stability properties is still in its early stages.To advance the state-of-the-art,we designed a coupled structure comprising a stacked Miura-origami(SMO)structure and two Shape Memory Alloy(SMA)actuators.One actuator is used for extruding the SMO structure while the other is used for retracting,thereby realizing bidirectional reversible active folding of the coupled structure.Modeling the potential energy of the coupled structure shows that it can be switched between monostable and bistable by heating the SMA actuators.The above findings are also confirmed by experiments conducted on a delicate SMO-SMA coupled structure prototype.The activation of different actuators induces rapid configuration switching of the coupled structure,and the stability profile is qualitatively adjusted by designing the current loading profile to achieve steady-state temperature fluctuations.Overall,this study provides a new approach to coupling origami structures with smart materials for active folding and presents a novel method to regulate the stability property of origami structures,thus promoting their practical applications.

Methylesterification of cell-wall pectin controls the diurnal flower-opening times in rice

Flowers are the core reproductive organ of plants, and flowering is essential for cross-pollination. Diurnal flower-opening time is thus a key trait influencing reproductive isolation, hybrid breeding, and thermostability in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling this trait remain unknown. Here, we report that rice Diurnal Flower Opening Time 1 (DFOT1) modulates pectin methylesterase (PME) activity to regulate pectin methylesterification levels of the lodicule cell walls, which affect lodicule swelling to control diurnal flower-opening time. DFOT1 is specifically expressed in the lodicules, and its expression gradually increases with the approach to flowering but decreases with flowering. Importantly, a knockout of DFOT1 showed earlier diurnal flower opening. We demonstrate that DFOT1 interacts directly with multiple PMEs to promote their activity. Knockout of PME40 also resulted in early diurnal flower opening, whereas overexpression of PME42 delayed diurnal flower opening. Lower PME activity was observed to be associated with higher levels of pectin methylesterification and the softening of cell walls in lodicules, which contribute to the absorption of water by lodicules and cause them to swell, thus promoting early diurnal flower opening. Higher PME activity had the opposite effect. Collectively, our work uncovers a molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of diurnal flower-opening time in rice, which would help reduce the costs of hybrid breeding and improve the heat tolerance of flowering plants by avoiding higher temperatures at anthesis.

Inter-hour direct normal irradiance forecast with multiple data types and time-series

Boosted by a strong solar power market,the electricity grid is exposed to risk under an increasing share of fluctuant solar power.To increase the stability of the electricity grid,an accurate solar power forecast is needed to evaluate such fluctuations.In terms of forecast,solar irradiance is the key factor of solar power generation,which is affected by atmospheric conditions,including surface meteorological variables and column integrated variables.These variables involve multiple numerical timeseries and images.However,few studies have focused on the processing method of multiple data types in an interhour direct normal irradiance(DNI)forecast.In this study,a framework for predicting the DNI for a 10-min time horizon was developed,which included the nondimensionalization of multiple data types and time-series,development of a forecast model,and transformation of the outputs.Several atmospheric variables were considered in the forecast framework,including the historical DNI,wind speed and direction,relative humidity time-series,and ground-based cloud images.Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the forecast framework.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well with a normalized mean bias error of 0.41%and a normalized root mean square error(n RMSE)of20.53%,and outperforms the persistent model with an improvement of 34%in the nRMSE.

Laser performance of the SG-Ⅲ laser facility

SG-Ⅲ laser facility is now the largest laser driver for inertial confinement fusion research in China. The whole laser facility can deliver 180 kJ energy and 60 TW power ultraviolet laser onto target, with power balance better than 10%.We review the laser system and introduce the SG-Ⅲ laser performance here.

Combination of solution-phase process and halide exchange for all-inorganic, highly stable CsPbBr_3 perovskite nanowire photodetector

The synthesis of high quality all-inorganic perovskite nanowires needs the harsh conditions,complex process and precision instruments,which are not beneficial to their extensive application.Here,all-inorganic perovskite ce- sium lead bromine (CsPbBr3)nanowires (NWs)are demonstrated with the combination of solution-phase process and halide exchange technology.A metal-semiconductor-metal structure CsPbBr3 nanowire photodetector was prepared, which showed a detectivity as high as 1.7×10^11 cm Hz^1/2W^-1 (Jones)with rapid response time (The rise and decay time are 10ms and 22 ms,respectively).Moreover,our photodetectors have high stability under ultraviolet (UV)light,high temperature and humidity.

Ultrasensitive,flexible perovskite nanowire photodetectors with long-term stability exceeding 5000 h

Photodetectors(PDs)based on perovskite nanowires are among the most promising next-generation photodetection technologies;however,their poor long-term stability is the biggest challenge limiting their commercial applica-tion.Herein,an ionic liquid,1-butyl-3 methylimidazolium tetrafuoroborate(BMIMBF_(4)),is incorporated as an additive into methylammonium lead tri-iodide(MAPbI_(3))nanowires;this not only effectively passivates defects to inhibit perovskite degradation but also leads to the formation of nanochannels,enabling fast charge transfer.As a result,the long-term stability and perfor-mance of MAPbI_(3)nanowires are considerably improved.The detectivity,linear detection range,and noise equivalent power of the MA PbI_(3)nanowire PD reach 2.06×10^(13)Jones,160dB,and 1.38×10^(-15)W Hz-^(1/2),respectively,compara-ble to the highest performance of perovskite nanowire PDs reported to date.Moreover,the unencapsulated PD can maintain 100%of its initial performance after being exposed to an open-air environment for more than 5000 h,esta-blishing it as the most stable perovskite nanowire PD reported to date.Nota-bly,the PD exhibits improved diffuse reflection imaging ability when compared with commercial silicon photodiode S2386.This study provides a new strategy for constructing sensitive,stable,and flexible perovskite PDs and will accelerate their commercial application in the future.

Ubiquitinome Profiling Reveals the Landscape of Ubiquitination Regulation in Rice Young Panicles

Ubiquitination,an essential post-transcriptional modification(PTM),plays a vital role in nearly every biological process,including development and growth.Despite its functions in plant reproductive development,its targets in rice panicles remain unclear.In this study,we used proteome-wide profiling of lysine ubiquitination in rice(O.sativa ssp.indica)young panicles.We created the largest ubiquitinome dataset in rice to date,identifying 1638 lysine ubiquitination sites on916 unique proteins.We detected three conserved ubiquitination motifs,noting that acidic glutamic acid(E)and aspartic acid(D)were most frequently present around ubiquitinated lysine.Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology(GO)annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways of these ubiquitinated proteins revealed that ubiquitination plays an important role in fundamental cellular processes in rice young panicles.Interestingly,enrichment analysis of protein domains indicated that ubiquitination was enriched on a variety of receptorlike kinases and cytoplasmic tyrosine and serine-threonine kinases.Furthermore,we analyzed the crosstalk between ubiquitination,acetylation,and succinylation,and constructed a potential protein interaction network within our rice ubiquitinome.Moreover,we identified ubiquitinated proteins related to pollen and grain development,indicating that ubiquitination may play a critical role in the physiological functions in young panicles.Taken together,we reported the most comprehensive lysine ubiquitinome in rice so far,and used it to reveal the functional role of lysine ubiquitination in rice young panicles.