Efficacy and safety of targeted therapy plus immunotherapy combined with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (FOLFOX) for unresectable hepatocarcinoma

BACKGROUND The advent of cutting-edge systemic therapies has driven advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and therapeutic strategies with multiple modes of delivery have been shown to be more efficacious than mono-therapy.However,the mechanisms underlying this innovative treatment modality have not been elucidated.AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy of targeted therapy plus immunotherapy combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)of FOLFOX in patients with unresectable HCC.METHODS We enrolled 53 patients with unresectable HCC who received a combination of targeted therapy,immunotherapy,and HAIC of FOLFOX between December 2020 and June 2021 and assessed the efficacy and safety of the treatment regimen.RESULTS The objective response rate was 60.4%(32/53),complete response was 24.5%(13/53),partial response was 35.9%(19/53),and stable disease was 39.6%(21/53).The median duration of response and median progression-free survival were 9.1 and 13.9 months,respectively.The surgical conversion rate was 34.0%(18/53),and 1-year overall survival was 83.0%without critical complicating diseases or adverse events(AEs).CONCLUSION The regimen of HAIC of FOLFOX,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy was curative for patients with unresectable HCC,with no serious AEs and a high rate of surgical conversion.

Preoperatively predicting vessels encapsulating tumor clusters in hepatocellular carcinoma:Machine learning model based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography

BACKGROUND Recently,vessels encapsulating tumor clusters(VETC)was considered as a distinct pattern of tumor vascularization which can primarily facilitate the entry of the whole tumor cluster into the bloodstream in an invasion independent manner,and was regarded as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).AIM To develop and validate a preoperative nomogram using contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)to predict the presence of VETC+in HCC.METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 190 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC who underwent CECT scanning and immunochemical staining for cluster of differentiation 34 at two medical centers.Radiomics analysis was conducted on intratumoral and peritumoral regions in the portal vein phase.Radiomics features,essential for identifying VETC+HCC,were extracted and utilized to develop a radiomics model using machine learning algorithms in the training set.The model’s performance was validated on two separate test sets.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis was employed to compare the identified performance of three models in predicting the VETC status of HCC on both training and test sets.The most predictive model was then used to constructed a radiomics nomogram that integrated the independent clinical-radiological features.ROC and decision curve analysis were used to assess the performance characteristics of the clinical-radiological features,the radiomics features and the radiomics nomogram.RESULTS The study included 190 individuals from two independent centers,with the majority being male(81%)and a median age of 57 years(interquartile range:51-66).The area under the curve(AUC)for the combined radiomics features selected from the intratumoral and peritumoral areas were 0.825,0.788,and 0.680 in the training set and the two test sets.A total of 13 features were selected to construct the Rad-score.The nomogram,combining clinicalradiological and combined radiomics features could accurately predict VETC+in all three sets,with AUC values of 0.859,0.848 and 0.757.Decision curve analysis revealed that the radiomics nomogram was more clinically useful than both the clinical-radiological feature and the combined radiomics models.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential utility of a CECT-based radiomics nomogram,incorporating clinicalradiological features and combined radiomics features,in the identification of VETC+HCC.

基于区块链的电力大数据安全保障体系

随着电力大数据的飞速发展,其服务对象、服务内容、服务过程等都更趋多样、复杂,安全问题也愈加突出。灵活运用区块链技术,能解决电力大数据的一致性、可追溯性、保密性等问题,并可以其为核心进一步构建电力大数据安全保障体系。分析了电力大数据存在的脆弱性及其所面临的威胁,重点分析了电力大数据安全保障建设的薄弱环节以及运用区块链技术实现大数据安全保障的优势和不足。提出了基于区块链的电力大数据安全保障体系建设方案,建立电力大数据多方位多角度的纵深安全保障体系,确保电力大数据的安全。该方案包括电力大数据安全战略保障、技术保障、运行保障、标准保障、管理过程保障等。

超声内镜在胆管结石中的诊断价值

目的评价超声内镜(EUS)对胆管结石的诊断价值。方法纳入2014年1月-2017年5月在嘉兴学院医学院附属第二医院肝胆外科行EUS检查的可疑胆管结石患者353例。以内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)、手术取石或随访结果作为金标准,评价EUS对胆管结石的诊断价值,并与腹部超声(TUS)、CT、磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)进行比较。结果 353例患者中EUS诊断胆管结石176例,其中2例经ERCP未见结石;177例EUS检查阴性患者中,17例经验证存在结石。EUS诊断胆管结石的敏感度为91.1%,特异度为98.8%,阳性预测值为98.9%,阴性预测值为90.4%,约登指数89.9%,准确度为94.6%。EUS在胆管大结石(>5 mm)、胆管小结石(≤5 mm)、胆管泥沙样结石、胆管下段结石、胆管中上段结石中均优于TUS和CT。在胆管大结石中EUS与MRCP间差异无统计学意义(P=0.070),在小结石、泥沙样结石、下段结石、中上段结石中EUS均优于MRCP。结论 EUS对胆管结石具有较高的诊断价值,可以作为有创操作前的有效诊断方法。

High-performance synaptic transistors for neuromorphic computing

The further development of traditional von Neumann-architecture computers is limited by the breaking of Moore’s law and the von Neumann bottleneck, which make them unsuitable for future high-performance artificial intelligence (AI)systems. Therefore, new computing paradigms are desperately needed. Inspired by the human brain, neuromorphic computing is proposed to realize AI while reducing power consumption. As one of the basic hardware units for neuromorphic computing, artificial synapses have recently aroused worldwide research interests. Among various electronic devices that mimic biological synapses, synaptic transistors show promising properties, such as the ability to perform signal transmission and learning simultaneously, allowing dynamic spatiotemporal information processing applications. In this article, we provide a review of recent advances in electrolyte-and ferroelectric-gated synaptic transistors. Their structures, materials,working mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages will be presented. In addition, the challenges of developing advanced synaptic transistors are discussed.

Robust interface layers with redox shuttle reactions suppress the dendrite growth for stable solid-state Li metal batteries

Designing a durable lithium metal anode for solid state batteries requires a controllable and uniform deposition of lithium, and the metal lithium layer should maintain a good interface contact with solid state electrolyte during cycles. In this work, we construct a robust functional interface layer on the modified LiB electrode which considerably improves the electrochemical stability of lithium metal electrode in solid state batteries. It is found that the functional interface layer consisting of polydioxolane, polyiodide ion and Li TFSI effectively restrains the growth of lithium dendrites through the redox shuttle reaction of I-/I3-and maintains a good contact between lithium anode and solid electrolyte during cycles. Benefit from these two advantages, the modified Li-B anode exhibits a remarkable cyclic performance in comparison with those of the bare Li-B anode.

304不锈钢表面复合硅烷膜的制备及其耐蚀性能

本文利用1,2双(三乙氧基硅基)乙烷(BTSE)和1H,1H,2H,2H全氟癸基三氯硅烷(FDTS)两种硅烷自组装修饰304不锈钢表面,制备BTSE、FDTS硅烷膜和BTSE FDTS复合硅烷膜。通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、X线能谱分析(EDS)和静态接触角(WCA)对样品进行表征。实验表明:与单层BTSE和FDTS硅烷膜相比,BTSE FDTS复合硅烷膜厚度更大(平均厚度为30 nm),F元素分布均匀且更致密,疏水性更强,静态接触角达到120°。极化曲线和加速腐蚀试验表明BTSE FDTS复合硅烷膜的抗腐蚀性能优于单层硅烷膜和未修饰的不锈钢。与未修饰的不锈钢相比,复合硅烷膜的缓蚀效率达到84.2%,腐蚀损失率减少72.8%。

Electrolyte-gated transistors for neuromorphic applications

Von Neumann computers are currently failing to follow Moore’s law and are limited by the von Neumann bottleneck.To enhance computing performance,neuromorphic computing systems that can simulate the function of the human brain are being developed.Artificial synapses are essential electronic devices for neuromorphic architectures,which have the ability to perform signal processing and storage between neighboring artificial neurons.In recent years,electrolyte-gated transistors(EGTs)have been seen as promising devices in imitating synaptic dynamic plasticity and neuromorphic applications.Among the various electronic devices,EGT-based artificial synapses offer the benefits of good stability,ultra-high linearity and repeated cyclic symmetry,and can be constructed from a variety of materials.They also spatially separate“read”and“write”operations.In this article,we provide a review of the recent progress and major trends in the field of electrolyte-gated transistors for neuromorphic applications.We introduce the operation mechanisms of electric-double-layer and the structure of EGT-based artificial synapses.Then,we review different types of channels and electrolyte materials for EGT-based artificial synapses.Finally,we review the potential applications in biological functions.

政府部门及公共服务机构大数据安全保障研究

政府部门和公共服务部门大数据包含机构机密数据、个人隐私数据,是国家的核心资产,关系国家和人民的切身利益,因此其安全性需要充分保障。本文从大数据安全保障标准化研究、大数据安全保障风险研究和大数据安全保障体系研究三个方面综述政府部门及公共服务机构大数据安全保障现状与发展趋势。

Parameter estimation of continuous variable quantum key distribution system via artificial neural networks

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD)allows legitimate parties to extract and exchange secret keys.However,the tradeoff between the secret key rate and the accuracy of parameter estimation still around the present CVQKD system.In this paper,we suggest an approach for parameter estimation of the CVQKD system via artificial neural networks(ANN),which can be merged in post-processing with less additional devices.The ANN-based training scheme,enables key prediction without exposing any raw key.Experimental results show that the error between the predicted values and the true ones is in a reasonable range.The CVQKD system can be improved in terms of the secret key rate and the parameter estimation,which involves less additional devices than the traditional CVQKD system.

Spin-independent transparency of pure spin current at normal/ferromagnetic metal interface

The spin transparency at the normal/ferromagnetic metal （NM/FM） interface was studied in PffYIG/Cu/FM multilayers. The spin current generated by the spin Hall effect （SHE） in Pt flows into Cu/FM due to magnetic insulator YIG blocking charge current and transmitting spin current via the magnon current. Therefore, the nonlocal voltage induced by an inverse spin Hall effect （ISHE） in FM can be detected. With the magnetization of FM parallel or antiparallel to the spin polarization of pure spin currents （σsc）, the spin-independent nonlocal voltage is induced. This indicates that the spin transparency at the Cu/FM interface is spin-independent, which demonstrates that the influence of spin-dependent electro-chemical potential due to spin accumulation on the interfacial spin transparency is negligible. Furthermore, a larger spin Hall angle of Fe20Ni80 （Py） than that of Ni is obtained from the nonlocal voltage measurements.

Short-wave infrared continuous-variable quantum key distribution over satellite-to-submarine channels

The trans-media transmission of quantum pulse is one of means of free-space transmission which can be applied in continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD)system.In traditional implementations for atmospheric channels,the 1500-to-1600-nm pulse is regarded as an ideal quantum pulse carrier.However,the underwater transmission of this pulses tends to suffer from severe attenuation,which inevitably deteriorates the security of the whole CVQKD system.In this paper,we propose an alternative scheme for implementations of CVQKD over satellite-to-submarine channels.We estimate the parameters of the trans-media channels,involving atmosphere,sea surface and seawater and find that the shortwave infrared performs well in the above channels.The 450-nm pulse is used for generations of quantum signal carriers to accomplish quantum communications through atmosphere,sea surface and seawater channels.Numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme can achieve the transmission distance of 600 km.In addition,we demonstrate that non-Gaussian operations can further lengthen its maximal transmission distance,which contributes to the establishment of practical global quantum networks.

Hybrid linear amplifier-involved detection for continuous variable quantum key distribution with thermal states

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD)can be integrated with thermal states for short-distance wireless quantum communications.However,its performance is usually restricted with the practical thermal noise.We propose a method to improve the security threshold of thermal-state(TS)CVQKD by employing a heralded hybrid linear amplifier(HLA)at the receiver.We find the effect of thermal noise on the HLA-involved scheme in near-and-mid infrared band or terahertz band for direct and reverse reconciliation.Numerical simulations show that the HLA-involved scheme can compensate for the detriment of thermal noise and hence increase the security threshold of TS-CVQKD.In near-and-mid infrared band,security threshold can be extended by 2.1 dB in channel loss for direct reconciliation and 1.6 dB for reverse reconciliation,whereas in terahertz band,security threshold can be slightly enhanced for the gain parameter less than 1 due to the rise in thermal noise.

螺旋取代聚炔圆偏振发光材料研究进展

圆偏振发光(CPL)材料凭借其独特的光物理特性,在3D显示、防伪、生物成像、不对称催化等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力.通常,手性和发光组分的同时存在是实现CPL的必要条件.螺旋取代聚炔的手性放大效应赋予其强烈的光学活性,且主链的动态螺旋结构使其具有刺激响应性,因而在构筑CPL材料方面具有显著的优势.本文依据手性和发光组分之间相互作用方式的不同,系统地综述了螺旋取代聚炔CPL材料的构筑方法和手性光学性能,并介绍了其在手性传感、防伪和光电器件方面的应用.最后,探讨了该领域当前的挑战和未来的发展前景.

Operando monitoring of dendrite formation in lithium metal batteries via ultrasensitive tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors

Lithium(Li)dendrite growth significantly deteriorates the performance and shortens the operation life of lithium metal batteries.Capturing the intricate dynamics of surface localized and rapid mass transport at the electrolyte–electrode interface of lithium metal is essential for the understanding of the dendrite growth process,and the evaluation of the solutions mitigating the dendrite growth issue.Here we demonstrate an approach based on an ultrasensitive tilted fiber Bragg grating(TFBG)sensor which is inserted close to the electrode surface in a working lithium metal battery,without disturbing its operation.Thanks to the superfine optical resonances of the TFBG,in situ and rapid monitoring of mass transport kinetics and lithium dendrite growth at the nanoscale interface of lithium anodes have been achieved.Reliable correlations between the performance of different natural/artificial solid electrolyte interphases(SEIs)and the time-resolved optical responses have been observed and quantified,enabling us to link the nanoscale ion and SEI behavior with the macroscopic battery performance.This new operando tool will provide additional capabilities for parametrization of the batteries’electrochemistry and help identify the optimal interphases of lithium metal batteries to enhance battery performance and its safety.

Transition prediction and sensitivity analysis for a natural laminar flow wing glove flight experiment

Natural laminar flow technology can significantly reduce aircraft aerodynamic drag and has excellent technical appeal for transport aircraft development with high aerodynamic efficiency.Accurately and efficiently predicting the laminar-to-turbulent transition and revealing the maintenance mechanism of laminar flow in a transport aircraft’s flight environment are significant for developing natural laminar flow wings.In this research,we carry out natural laminar flow flight experiments with different Reynolds numbers and angles of attack.The critical N-factor is calibrated as 9.0 using flight experimental data and linear stability theory from a statistical perspective,which makes sure that the relative error of transition location is within 5%.We then implement a simplified e^(N) transition prediction method with a similar accuracy compared with linear stability theory.We compute the sensitivity information for the simplified eN method with an adjointbased method,using the automatic differentiation technique(ADjoint).The impact of Reynolds numbers and pressure distributions on TS waves is analyzed using the sensitivity information.Through the sensitivity analysis,we find that:favorable pressure gradients not only suppress the development of TS waves but also decrease their sensitivity to Reynolds numbers;there exist three special regions which are very sensitive to the pressure distribution,and the sensitivity decreases as the local favorable pressure gradient increases.The proposed sensitivity analysis method enables robust natural laminar flow wings design.

锂二次电池中的原位聚合电解质

聚合物电解质主要分为凝胶聚合物电解质和固态聚合物电解质两种类型,均能够提升锂二次电池的性能。其中,凝胶聚合物电解质是利用增塑剂实现聚合物基质的凝胶化,将有机液态电解液固定在三维网络结构中,因此同时具备液态的离子扩散速率和固态材料的机械性能;而固态聚合物电解质是一种完全没有液态电解质的体系,利用聚合物基体的极性实现锂盐的解离,以聚合物分子链的运动实现离子传输。相对于传统的非原位法制备的聚合物电解质而言,原位聚合反应制备的聚合电解质能够有效改善电解质与电极的界面相容性、简化电池组装工艺、降低制造成本。本文综述了当前原位聚合电解质在锂二次电池中应用的研究进展,并展望了原位聚合电解质的应用前景和未来挑战。

Plug-and-play dual-phase-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution with photon subtraction

Plug-and-play dual-phase-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol can effectively solve the security loopholes associated with transmitting local oscillator (LO). However, this protocol has larger excess noise compared with one-way Gaussian-modulated coherent-states scheme, which limits the maximal transmission distance to a certain degree. In this paper, we show a reliable solution for this problem by employing non-Gaussian operation, especially, photon subtraction operation, which provides a way to improve the performance of plug-and-play dual-phase-modulated CVQKD protocol. The photon subtraction operation shows experimental feasibility in the plug-andplay configuration since it can be implemented under current technology. Security results indicate that the photon subtraction operation can evidently enhance the maximal transmission distance of the plug-and-play dual-phase-modulated CVQKD protocol, which effectively makes up the drawback of the original one. Furthermore, we achieve the tighter bound of the transmission distance by considering the finite-size effect, which is more practical compared with that achieved in the asymptotic limit.

The efficacy and safety of one-stage endoscopy combined with intrarenal surgery(mini-nephrostomy tract)in the prone split-leg position for complex renal calculi

Background:The goal of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery(ECIRS)performed in the prone split-leg position for the treatment of complex renal stones.Materials and methods:A mature ECIRS protocol was designed.Retrospective analysis was conducted of medical records between January 2020 and December 2021 of patients with complex renal stones at one center who underwent ECIRS by 2 skilled surgeons using retrograde flexible ureteroscopy and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the prone split-leg position.Results:A total of 44 patients were included in this study.Mean stone size was 26.1±12.7 mm,and the number of calyces involved was 4.36±2.09.Mean operative time was 71.1±21.8 minutes.Postoperative decline in hemoglobin was 15.8±9.8 g/L.Seventy-five percent of patients achieved stone-free status.The mean number of residual stones was 2.8±2.3,and the mean residual stone size was 10.30±4.76 mm.Six patients(13.6%)developed postoperative complications,including 4 with fever during the first 2 days postoperatively and 2 patients with transient postoperative pain.No patients developed severe complications.Conclusions:Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in the prone split-leg position can be performed safely by experienced surgeons using retrograde flexible ureteroscopy in conjunction with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy as a successful technique for the treatment of complex renal stones.

Simultaneous two-way classical communication and measurement-deviceindependent quantum key distribution on oceanic quantum channels

Simultaneous two-way classical and quantum(STCQ)communication combines both continuous classical coherent optical communication and continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD),which eliminates all detection-related imperfections by being measurement-device-independent(MDI).In this paper,we propose a protocol relying on STCQ communication on the oceanic quantum channel,in which the superposition-modulation-based coherent states depend on the information bits of both the secret key and the classical communication ciphertext.We analyse the encoding combination in classical communication and consider the probability distribution transmittance under seawater turbulence with various interference factors.Our numerical simulations of various practical scenarios demonstrate that the proposed protocol can simultaneously enable two-way classical communication and CV-MDI QKD with just a slight performance degradation transmission distance compared to the original CV-MDI QKD scheme.Moreover,the asymmetric situation outperforms the symmetric case in terms of transmission distance and optical modulation variance.We further take into consideration the impact of finite-size effects to illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme in practical scenarios.The results show the feasibility of the underwater STCQ scheme,which contributes toward developing a global quantum communication network in free space.