输尿管下段结石钬激光碎石术日间手术模式的可行性探讨

目的探讨输尿管下段结石钬激光碎石术日间手术模式的可行性。方法选取2019年1月—6月昆明医科大学第二附属医院输尿管下段结石患者85例作为研究对象,分为日间手术组(40例)和住院手术组(45例)。所有患者在硬膜外阻滞麻醉下完成手术,观察两组的等待手术时间、手术时间、住院时间、术后1个月结石清除率、住院费用、术后相关并发症和患者满意度。结果两组患者均成功完成手术,两组的等待手术时间、住院时间和住院费用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而手术时间、术后1个月结石清除率及并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),日间手术组患者满意度总体比住院手术组高(P<0.05)。结论日间手术是一种安全有效的手术模式,符合目前提倡的快速康复理念。

中华眼镜蛇膜毒素12对膀胱癌细胞增殖、凋亡及自噬的影响

目的探讨中华眼镜蛇膜毒素12(MT-12)对膀胱癌细胞的增殖、凋亡及自噬的影响。方法①采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度(0.10、0.25和0.50μg/ml)的MT-12处理膀胱癌RT4、T24细胞0、24、48、72、96和120 h后,对膀胱癌RT4、T24细胞增殖能力的影响;②采用流式细胞术检测MT-12处理膀胱癌RT4、T24细胞6及24 h后,对膀胱癌RT4、T24细胞凋亡的影响,主要观察细胞凋亡率的改变;③Pan-Caspase抑制剂和MT-12处理膀胱癌细胞后通过MTT法检测细胞活力;④通过GFP-LC3转染,观察自噬小体形成,通过Western blotting检测自噬标志物的表达情况。结果 CCK-8检测结果显示,不同浓度的MT-12处理膀胱癌RT4、T24细胞0、24、48、72、96和120 h后,MT-12能抑制膀胱癌RT4、T24的细胞增殖。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡的结果显示,MT-12处理膀胱癌RT4、T24细胞6及24 h后,实验组可以增加凋亡细胞的比例。Pan-Caspase抑制剂V-ZAD-FMK对2株膀胱癌细胞系进行处理后,MT-12并未完全失去对膀胱癌的抑制效果。Western blotting和GFP-LC3转染检测结果显示,LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值增大,GFP-LC3转染结果自噬体(绿色荧光点)增多。结论 MT-12以浓度-时间依赖的方式抑制膀胱癌RT4、T24细胞的增殖能力,并诱导其调亡;MT-12能够引起细胞的自噬,并且自噬性的死亡可能发生在MT-12对膀胱癌细胞的抑制作用过程中。

循环肿瘤细胞与泌尿系肿瘤关系的研究进展

循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)在肿瘤传播和转移中起重要作用,最终导致大多数癌症患者死亡。目前,从癌症患者血液中鉴定和计数CTC的技术已经将CTC确立为癌症诊断和预后的重要临床生物标志物。CTC具有巨大的潜力,作为非侵入性连续的液体活检技术,相比空间和时间限制的传统组织活检检测恶性肿瘤更精准。一旦CTC作为生物标志物用于泌尿系肿瘤患者的精确管理,CTC的临床应用将更广泛,广大癌症患者将明显受益。

Functional and psychosocial effects of pulmonary Daoyin on patients with COPD in China:study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND： Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a major public health problem worldwide. Pulmonary rehabilitation （PR） is an established intervention for the management of patients with COPD. Exercise training is an important part of PR, and its effectiveness in patients with COPD is well established. However, alternative methods of PR training such as Daoyin have not been appropriately studied. Hence, alternative forms of exercise training that require less exercise equipment and no specific training place should be evaluated. This paper describes the study protocol of a clinical trial that aims to determine if pulmonary Daoyin training will improve the exercise capacity and psychosocial function of patients with COPD in China. METHODS AND DESIGN： A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 464 patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be enrolled into this study with 232 patients in each of the trial group and the control group. Based on patient education, patients in the trial group will receive pulmonary Daoyin and continue with their usual therapy for three months. In the control group, patients will continue with their usual therapy. The primary outcome measures are exercise capacity assessed by the six-minute walking distance test and lung function. Secondary outcomes include dyspnea and quality of life. Measurements will be taken at baseline （month 0） and after the study period （month 3）. DISCUSSION： It is hypothesized that pulmonary Daoyin will have beneficial effects in improving exercise capacity and psychosocial function of patients with stable COPD, and will provide an alternative form of exercise training that is accessible for the large number of people with COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION： This trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. The identifier is NCT01482000.

The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope(LST) for the ASO-S mission——Ⅱ. design of LST

As one of the three payloads for the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission,the Lyman-alpha(Lyα)Solar Telescope(LST)is composed of three instruments:a Solar Corona Imager(SCI),a LyαSolar Disk Imager(SDI)and a full-disk White-light Solar Telescope(WST).When working in-orbit,LST will simultaneously perform high-resolution imaging observations of all regions from the solar disk to the inner corona up to 2.5 R⊙(R⊙stands for the mean solar radius)with a spatial resolution of 4.8′′and 1.2′′for coronal and disk observations,respectively,and a temporal resolution of 30–120 s and 1–120 s for coronal and disk observations,respectively.The maximum exposure time can be up to20 s due to precise pointing and image stabilization function.Among the three telescopes of LST,SCI is a dual-waveband coronagraph simultaneously and independently observing the inner corona in the HI Lyα(121.6±10 nm)line and white light(WL)(700±40 nm)wavebands by using a narrowband Lyαbeam splitter and has a field of view(FOV)from 1.1 to 2.5 R⊙.The stray-light suppression level can attain<10^-6 B⊙(B⊙is the mean brightness of the solar disk)at 1.1 R⊙and≤5×10^-8 B⊙at 2.5 R⊙.SDI and WST are solar disk imagers working in the Lyαline and 360.0 nm wavebands,respectively,which adopt an off-axis two-mirror reflective structure with an FOV up to 1.2 R⊙,covering the inner coronal edge area and relating to coronal imaging.We present the up-to-date design for the LST payload.

Mapping the Milky Way with LAMOSTⅠ:method and overview

We present a statistical method to derive the stellar density profiles of the Milky Way from spectroscopic survey data, taking into account selection effects. We assume the selection function, which can be altered during observations and data reductions, of the spectroscopic survey is based on photometric colors and magnitude. Then the underlying selection function for a line-of-sight can be recovered well by comparing the distribution of the spectroscopic stars in a color-magnitude plane with that of the photometric dataset. Subsequently, the stellar density profile along a line-of-sight can be derived from the spectroscopically measured stellar density profile multiplied by the selection function. The method is validated using Galaxia mock data with two different selection functions. We demonstrate that the derived stellar density profiles reconstruct the true ones well not only for the full set of targets, but also for sub-populations selected from the full dataset. Finally, the method is applied to map the density pro- files for the Galactic disk and halo, using the LAMOST RGB stars. The Galactic disk extends to about R = 19 kpc, where the disk still contributes about 10% to the total stellar surface density. Beyond this radius, the disk smoothly transitions to the halo without any truncation, bending or breaking. Moreover, no over-density corresponding to the Monoceros ring is found in the Galactic anti-center direction. The disk shows moderate north-south asymmetry at radii larger than 12 kpc. On the other hand, the R-Z tomographic map directly shows that the stellar halo is substantially oblate within a Galactocentric radius of 20 kpc and gradually becomes nearly spherical beyond 30 kpc.

Irradiation study of liquid crystal variable retarder for Full-disk Magneto-Graph payload onboard ASO-S mission

The Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S)is a mission proposed by the Chinese Solar Physics Community.As one of the three payloads of ASO-S,the Full-disc Magneto-Graph(FMG)will measure the photospheric magnetic fields of the entire solar disk with high spatial and temporal resolution,and high magnetic sensitivity,where liquid crystal variable retarder(LCVR)is the key to whether FMG can achieve its scientific goal.So far,there is no space flight experience for LCVR.Therefore,irradiation study for LCVRs becomes more important and urgent in order to make sure their safety and reliability in space application.In this paper,γirradiation,proton irradiation,and ultra-violet(UV)irradiation are tested for LCVRs respectively.The optical and chemical properties during irradiation tests are measured and analyzed.For optical properties,there is no significant change in those parameters FMG payload concerned except the retardation.Although there is no drastic degradation in the retardation versus voltage during irradiations,the amount of retardation variation is much higher than the instrument requirements.Thus,an in-flight retardation versus voltage should be added in FMG payload,reducing or even avoiding the impact of retardation change.For chemical properties,the clearing point and birefringence of the LC materials almost have no change;the ion density dose not change below 60 krad[Si],but begin to increase dramatically above 60 krad[Si].

Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma in Cerebellum

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma is a new identified variant type of pilocytic astrocytoma,and typically locates in the hypothalamic and chiasmatic region.Herein,we reported a nine-year-old boy with pilomyxoid astrocytoma in the cerebellum.MRI scanning showed a tumor involved the cerebellar vermis,tonsil,the forth ventricle and brainstem.It was homogeneous isointensity on T1WI,relative hyper-intensity on T2WI,hyper-intensity on fluid attenuated inversion recovery （FLAIR） images,and uniform enhancement on contrast T1WI.The tumor was sub-totally removed and was proved histologically to be pilomyxoid astrocytoma.Follow-up at the 5th month,MRI showed the residual tumor enlarged at the brainstem.The patient survived 10 months after the operation,and finally died of respiration failure resulting from brainstem dysfunction.

Effect of glial cells on remyelination after spinal cord injury

Remyelination plays a key role in functional recovery of axons after spinal cord injury.Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system.When spinal cord injury occurs,many glial cells at the lesion site are immediately activated,and different cells differentially affect inflammatory reactions after injury.In this review,we aim to discuss the core role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and crosstalk with the rest of glia and their subcategories in the remyelination process.Activated astrocytes influence proliferation,differentiation,and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells,while activated microglia alter remyelination by regulating the inflammatory reaction after spinal cord injury.Understanding the interaction between oligodendrocyte precursor cells and the rest of glia is necessary when designing a therapeutic plan of remyelination after spinal cord injury.

Development and calibration of the Moon-based EUV camera for Chang'e-3

The process of development and calibration for the first Moon-based ex- treme ultraviolet （EUV） camera to observe Earth＇s plasmasphere is introduced and the design, test and calibration results are presented. The EUV camera is composed of a multilayer film mirror, a thin film filter, a photon-counting imaging detector, a mech- anism that can adjust the direction in two dimensions, a protective cover, an electronic unit and a thermal control unit. The center wavelength of the EUV camera is 30.2 nm with a bandwidth of 4.6nm. The field of view is 14.7° with an angular resolution of 0.08°, and the sensitivity of the camera is 0.11 count s-1 Rayleigh-1. The geomet- ric calibration, the absolute photometric calibration and the relative photometric cal- ibration are carried out under different temperatures before launch to obtain a matrix that can correct geometric distortion and a matrix for relative photometric correction, which are used for in-orbit correction of the images to ensure their accuracy.

Small-cell carcinoma of the prostate with negative CD56,NSE,Syn,and CgA indicators:A case report

BACKGROUND Small-cell carcinoma of the prostate(SCCP)is a clinically rare malignant tumor,accounting for<1%of all prostate tumors.However,negativity for all SCCP neuroendocrine markers is rare.Herein,we report a case of SCCP with completely negative neuroendocrine markers and explore its clinicopathologic features,thus improving the understanding of its clinical diagnosis and management.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 48-year-old patient with SCCP negative for common sensitive neuroendocrine-staining indicators.Dysuria was the first symptom,and rectal examination revealed a hard prostate,palpable nodules,diffuse prostate enlargement,no pressure pain,no blood staining in the finger sleeve,1.33 ng/mL total prostate-specific antigen level,and a free-to-total prostate-specific antigen ratio of 0.21 ng/mL.Ultrasound suggested a prostate size of 5.3 cm×5.8 cm×5.6 cm,and magnetic resonance imaging suggested prostate cancer.The lower posterior bladder wall,rectal mesentery,and bilateral seminal vesicles were invaded,with multiple lymph node metastases in the pelvis.A whole-body bone scan suggested an abnormally active multiple bone metabolism and possible bone metastases.Head and lungs computed tomography revealed no significant nodal shadow.Following a pathological diagnosis of SCCP after a prostate puncture,with negative indicators of common sensitive neuroendocrine staining,chemotherapy was administered;the patient died 4-5 mo after SCCP diagnosis.CONCLUSION SCCP is a rare disease characterized by atypical clinical symptoms,limited treatment options,a short survival period,and a poor prognosis.

Primary adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with normal adrenal cortex function:A case report

BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,which accounts for about approximately 30%to 40%of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas,is the most common type and is a class of aggressive B-cell lymphomas.However,diffuse large B-cell lymphomas primary to the adrenal gland are rare.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old man was admitted with abdominal pain and fatigue.After admission,enhanced adrenal computed tomography indicated irregular masses on both adrenal glands,with the larger one on the left side,approximately 8.0 cm×4.3 cm in size.The boundary was irregular,and surrounding tissues were compressed.No obvious enhancement was observed in the arterial phase.Resection of the left adrenal gland was performed.Pathological diagnosis revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.After surgery,the patient received RCHOP immunochemotherapy.During the fourth immunochemotherapy,patient condition deteriorated,and he eventually died of respiratory failure.CONCLUSION R-CHOP is the conventional immunochemotherapy for primary adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Surgery is mainly used to diagnose the disease.Hence,the ideal treatment plan remains to be confirmed.

The fractions of post-binary-interaction stars and evolved blue straggler stars on the red giant branch of globular clusters

The red giant branch(RGB)of globular clusters(GCs)is home to some exotic stars,which may provide clues on the formation of multiple stellar populations in GCs.It is well known that binary interactions are responsible for many exotic stars.Thus,it is important to understand what fraction of stars on the RGB of GCs is the result of binary interactions.In this paper,we performed a binary population synthesis study to track the number of post-binary-interaction(post-BI)stars that appear on the RGB,with particular emphasis on the evolved blue straggler stars(E-BSSs).Assuming an initial binary fraction of nearly 50%,we find that about half of the objects on the RGB(called giants)underwent the binary interactions,and that E-BSSs account for around 10%of the giants in our standard simulation.We also compare the properties of post-BI giants that evolved from different channels.We find that the initial orbital period and mass ratio distributions significantly affect the fraction of post-BI giants.Our results imply that the non-standard stars from binary interactions provide a non-negligible contribution to the RGB stars in GCs,which should be considered in future investigations of the origin of multiple stellar populations.

Multiple eutectic orientation relationships in undercooled Ni-38wt.%Si eutectic alloy

Eutectic orientation relationships(EORs) in an undercooled Ni-38 wt.%Si alloy were analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction. A total of seven EORs were identified, and three of them were found at the under-cooling degree ?T≈31 K. It is found that their orientations of the primary NiSi phase are same but the misorientation between the neighboring NiSi2 grains can be either 50° or 60°. The multiple EORs were ascribed to a possible change in the growth direction of the primary phase, the change of the primary phase from the NiSi phase to the NiSi2 phase, and the transition from coupled to uncoupled eutectic growth. The current work shows that epitaxial growth of the second eutectic phase on the primary eutectic phase can obey either a single EOR or multiple EORs, which is a unique phenomenon.

Prostate sclerosing adenopathy:A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of twelve patients

BACKGROUND Although sclerosing adenopathy of the prostate is a very rare benign disease,an effective differential diagnosis is required.Here,we report the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical morphological features of 12 cases of sclerosing adenopathy of the prostate to improve understanding of the disease.AIM To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis,and immunohistochemical phenotypes that distinguish prostate sclerosing adenopathy from other conditions.METHODS The clinical data,laboratory tests,pathological morphology,and immunohistochemical phenotypes of 12 cases of prostatic sclerosing adenopathy were retrospectively analyzed,and the relevant literature was reviewed.RESULTS All patients were elderly men(mean age,71.7 years;62–83 years).Eleven of them had hematuria,urinary frequency,urinary urgency,difficulty in urination,and serum total prostate-specific antigen values within the normal range.One patient had increased blood pressure.Enlarged prostates with single to multiple calcifying foci were observed.Moreover,prostate tissue hyperplastic changes were observed in all patients.Small follicular hyperplastic nodules without an obvious envelope,with a growth pattern mimicking the infiltration pattern of"prostate adenocarcinoma"were noted.Basal cells expressed AR,CKH,P63,and CK5/6,and myoepithelial markers,such as calponin,S100,and smooth muscle actin.No recurrence or exacerbation of the lesions was observed,except for one case of death due to bladder cancer.CONCLUSION Prostatic sclerosing adenopathy is highly misdiagnosed as prostate adenocarcinoma or other tumor-like lesions.Therefore,it should attract the attention of clinicopathologic researchers.

Sellar Chordoma Presenting as Pseudo-macroprolactinoma with Unilateral Third Cranial Nerve Palsy

We described a 61-year-old female with a sellar chordoma, which presented as pseudo-macroprolactinoma with unilateral third cranial nerve palsy. Physical examination revealed that her right upper lid could not be raised by itself, right eyeball movement limited to the abduction direction, right pupil dilated to 4.5 mm with negative reaction to light, and hemianopsia in bitemporal sides. CT scanning showed a hyperdense lesion at sellar region without bone destruction. Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） revealed the tumor was 2.3 cmx2.8 cmx2.6 cm, with iso-intensity on TlWl, hyper-intensity on T2WI and heterogeneous enhancement on contrast imaging. Endocrine examination showed her serum prolactin level increased to 2,032.49 mlU/ml. The tumor was sub-totally resected via pterional craniotomy under microscope and was histologically proven to be a chordoma. Postoperatively, she recovered uneventfully but ptosis and hemianopsia remained at the 6th month.

Developing a diagnostic model for predicting prostate cancer: a retrospective study based on Chinese multicenter clinical data

The overdiagnosis of prostate cancer(PCa)caused by nonspecific elevation serum prostate-specific antigen(PSA)and the overtreatment of indolent PCa have become a global problem that needs to be solved urgently.We aimed to construct a prediction model and provide a risk stratification system to reduce unnecessary biopsies.In this retrospective study,clinical data of 1807 patients from three Chinese hospitals were used.The final model was built using stepwise logistic regression analysis.The apparent performance of the model was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curves,calibration plots,and decision curve analysis.Finally,a risk stratification system of clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa)was created,and diagnosis-free survival analyses were performed.Following multivariable screening and evaluation of the diagnostic performances,a final diagnostic model comprised of the PSA density and Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System(PI-RADS)score was established.Model validation in the development cohort and two external cohorts showed excellent discrimination and calibration.Finally,we created a risk stratification system using risk thresholds of 0.05 and 0.60 as the cut-off values.The follow-up results indicated that the diagnosis-free survival rate for csPCa at 12 months and 24 months postoperatively was 99.7%and 99.4%,respectively,for patients with a risk threshold below O.05 after the initial negative prostate biopsy,which was significantly better than patients with higher risk.Our diagnostic model and risk stratification system can achieve a personalized risk calculation of csPCa.It provides a standardized tool for Chinese patients and physicians when considering thenecessity of prostatebiopsy.

Derivation of Expanded Isospectral-Nonisospectral Integrable Hierarchies via the Column-vector Loop Algebra

A scheme for generating nonisospectral integrable hierarchies is introduced.Based on the method,we deduce a nonisospectral hierarchy of soliton equations by considering a linear spectral problem.It follows that the corresponding expanded isospectral and nonisospectral integrable hierarchies are deduced based on a 6 dimensional complex linear space ■.By reducing these integrable hierarchies,we obtain the expanded isospectral and nonisospectral derivative nonlinear Schr?dinger equation.By using the trace identity,the biHamiltonian structure of these two hierarchies are also obtained.Moreover,some symmetries and conserved quantities of the resulting hierarchy are discussed.

Atomic-Scale Insights into Damage Mechanisms of GGr15 Bearing Steel Under Cyclic Shear Fatigue

Alternating shear stress is a critical factor in the accumulation of damage during rolling contact fatigue,severely limiting the service life of bearings.However,the specific mechanisms responsible for the cyclic shear fatigue damage in bearing steel have not been fully understood.Here the mechanical response and microstructural evolution of a model GGr15 bearing steel under cyclic shear loading are investigated through the implementation of molecular dynamics simulations.The samples undergo 30 cycles under three different loading conditions with strains of 6.2%,9.2%,and 12.2%,respectively.The findings indicate that severe cyclic shear deformation results in early cyclic softening and significant accumulation of plastic damage in the bearing steel.Besides,samples subjected to higher strain-controlled loading exhibit higher plastic strain energy and shorter fatigue life.Additionally,strain localization is identified as the predominant damage mechanism in cyclic shear fatigue of the bearing steel,which accumulates and ultimately results in fatigue failure.Furthermore,simulation results also revealed the microstructural reasons for the strain localization(e.g.,BCC phase transformation into FCC and HCP phase),which well explained the formation of white etching areas.This study provides fresh atomic-scale insights into the mechanisms of cyclic shear fatigue damage in bearing steels.

苯并䓛盘状液晶:合成、柱状相和光物理性质

盘状液晶分子由稠环芳核和围绕的多条柔性链构成,具有独特的自组装有序超分子结构、半导体性质和光学性质.其可通过溶液或喷墨打印技术加工成为光电子薄膜器件,具有低成本优势.通过Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联和Scholl氧化环化策略,合成了一系列新的具有苯并䓛结构的非对称酸酐、羧酸酯、酰亚胺和苯并咪唑稠环衍生物,并对其液晶性和光物理性质进行了详细研究.通过偏振光学显微镜(POM),差示扫描量热法(DSC)和小角度X射线散射(SAXS)测试表明,这些极性盘状化合物自组装堆积呈六方柱状(Col_(hex))液晶相,其中,最宽的液晶温度范围达206℃.官能团和共轭体系大小决定了相变温度和液晶范围.荧光测试结果表明,化合物溶液中绝对量子产率高达34%,根据官能团不同,这些化合物发蓝、绿和红光.借助密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,解释了该系列极性盘状液晶分子发光性质的差异.基于本工作的合成方法,从萘酸酐原料出发为构建结构多变、性质丰富的π-共轭(杂环)芳烃盘状液晶化合物提供了新途径.