Analysis of oxide layer structure in nitrided grain-oriented silicon steel

The production of low-temperature reheated grain-oriented silicon steel is mainly based on the acquired inhibitor method.Due to the additional nitriding process,a high nitrogen content exists in the oxide layer,which changes the structure of the oxide layer.In this study,the structure of the surface oxide layer after nitriding was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD),glow discharge spectrometry(GDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The size and orientation of ferritic grains in the oxide layer were characterized,and the distribution characteristics of the key elements along the thickness direction were determined.The results show that the oxide layer of the steel sample mainly comprised particles of Fe2SiO4 and spherical and lamellar SiO2,and Fe4N and fcc-Fe phases were also detected.Moreover,the size and orientation of ferritic grains in the oxide layer were different from those of coarse matrix ferritic grains beneath the oxide layer;however,some ferritic grains exhibited same orientations as those in the neighboring matrix.Higher nitrogen content was detected in the oxide layer than that in the matrix beneath the oxide layer.The form of nitrogen enrichment in the oxide layer was analyzed,and the growth mechanism of ferritic grains during the oxide layer formation is proposed.

Four-year experience with more than 1000 cases of total laparoscopic liver resection in a single center

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)has become a safe surgical procedure that needs additional summarization.AIM To review 4 years of total LLR surgeries,exceeding 1000 cases,which were performed at a single center.METHODS Patients who underwent LLR at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2015 and December 2018 were identified.Surgical details,including the interventional year,category of liver disease,and malignant liver tumors prognosis,were evaluated.The learning curve for LLR was evaluated using the cumulative sum method.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to perform survival analysis.RESULTS Ultimately,1098 patients were identified.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)was the most common disease that led to the need for LLR at the center(n=462,42.08%).The average operation time was 216.94±98.51 min.The conversion rate was 1.82%(20/1098).The complication rate was 9.20%(from grade II to V).The 1-year and 3-year overall survival rates of HCC patients were 89.7%and 81.9%,respectively.The learning curve was grouped into two phases for local resection(cases 1-106 and 107-373),three phases for anatomical segmentectomy(cases 1-44,45-74 and 75-120),and three phases for hemihepatectomy(cases 1-17,18-48 and CONCLUSION LLR may be considered a first-line surgical intervention for liver resection that can be performed safely for a variety of primary,secondary,and recurrent liver tumors and for benign diseases once technical competence is proficiently attained.

Clinical Effect of Tripterygium Glycosides Combined with Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tripterygium glycosides combined with glucocorticoids for the treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome(NS).Computer search of Chinese and English databases,including CNKI,VIP,Wan Fang Database,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Sinomed,for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of Tripterygium glycosides combined with glucocorticoids for refractory NS(RNS)was conducted.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3.Thirteen RCTs comprising 994 patients were included in the study.Tripterygium glycosides combined with glucocorticoids had a statistical significance on the effective rate(odds ratio[OR]=4.69,95%confidence interval[CI]3.29,6.67,P<0.00001),24-h urine protein(Weighted mean difference(MD)=-0.57,95%CI[-0.62,-0.51],P<0.00001),serum albumin(MD=4.77,95%CI[4.30,5.24],P<0.00001),total serum protein(MD=9.45,95%CI[8.73,10.17],P<0.00001),urea nitrogen(MD=-0.53,95%CI[-0.90,-0.17],P=0.005),and serum creatinine(MD=-8.45,95%CI[-15.32,-1.57],P=0.02).There was no statistical significance on adverse reactions(OR=0.68,95%CI[0.41,1.12],P=0.13).Tripterygium glycosides combined with glucocorticoids could improve clinical effective rate,reduce 24-h urine protein,improve serum albumin and total serum protein,and reduce urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in patients with RNS.However,the quality of the included literature is poor,and conclusion still needs further verification using larger samples and high-quality randomized,double-blind controlled trials.

Meta-Analysis of Niaoduqing Granules Combined With RAAS System Blocker in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy

To systematically evaluate the efficacy of urinary granules combined with RAAS system blockers in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN).A meta-analysis of the data required in the literature in accordance with this study was performed using Rev Man 5.3 software.Fifteen randomized controlled trials were analyzed in the present study to evaluate the clinical effect of Niaoduqing-angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker(ACEI/ARB)in DN patients.A total of 1063 patients were involved,including 538 patients receiving the combination treatment and 525 patients in the control group.The results showed that the clinical efficacy of Niaoduqing granule combined with ACEI/ARB was significantly better than of the control group(odds ratio=2.92,95%confidence interval[CI]1.76–4.86).The treatment combined with Niaoduqing granule decreased the 24-h urinary protein quantitation(mean difference[MD]0.71,95%CI 0.28–1.14)and urine albumin excretion rate(UAER)(MD 41.13,95%CI 26.66–55.59)levels.However,the combination group had no treatment advantage on reducing serumurea nitrogen(MD 0.86,95%CI 0.05–1.68,P=0.02)and fasting blood glucose(MD-0.03,95%CI-0.15–0.09,P=0.61).And there was no significance in adverse events between two groups(risk ratio=2.34,95%CI 0.69–7.95,P=0.17).Niaoduqing granule-ACEI/ARB combination group maybe as safe as ACEI/ARB alone,and the combination played an advantage in improvement in total effective rate,reduction of 24-h urinary protein quantitation and UAER.

A highly selective colorimetric and“Off-On”fluorescence sensor for CN^-based on Zn(salphenazine)complex

The development of sensors for selective detection of cyanide ion(CN^-) is an important mission to accomplish because of the versatility and toxicity of CN^-. In the present work, an "ensemble"-based colorimetric and fluorescent sensor(L2-Zn^(2+)) for CN^-ion has been developed. The addition of cyanide ions removed Zn^(2+) from the ensemble(L2-Zn^(2+)) in aqueous medium, resulting in a color change of the solution from red to buff and a "turn-on" fluorescent response. Also, the sensitivity of both the fluorescenceand colorimetric-based assay is below the maximum allowable level of cyanide ions in drinking water set by the World Health Organization. In addition, test strips, which served as convenient and efficient CN^- test kits, were fabricated based on the sensor.Notably, the selective detection of cyanide with L2-Zn^(2+) for practical application was also performed in sprouting potatoes.

Reply to: The letter to the editor "Laparoscopic liver resection for malignancies confined to Couinaud's segment VII in the robotic surgery era" by Zizzo et al.

We would like to thank you and other reviewers for reading our papers and sharing valuable comments. We are also appreciative of your conscientiousness and broad knowledge on relevant research fields. Recent advances in robotic hepatectomy (RH) were briefly summarized in your letter, especially its non-inferiority compared with the conventional laparoscopic liver resection (LLR). Here, we would like to address several points relevant to the comments.