Ovarian function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:Pathogenesis,drug application and prospective therapies

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a chronic autoimmune disease in which multiple organs are damaged that prevails in fertile women.Currently,glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are widely used to treat SLE patients.However,ovarian dysfunction occurs following the use of these drugs in women with SLE.Here,we summarize recent progress in terms of understanding ovarian injury,the effects of drug application and strategies to improve ovarian function in women with SLE.This review could be helpful to precisely cure SLE in women desiring to have offspring.

Simulation of an imaging system for internal contamination of lungs using MPA-MURA coded-aperture collimator

The nuclides inhaled during nuclear accidents usually cause internal contamination of the lungs with low activity.Although a parallel-hole imaging system,which is widely used in medical gamma cameras,has a high resolution and good image quality,owing to its extremely low detection efficiency,it remains difficult to obtain images of inhaled lung contamination.In this study,the Monte Carlo method was used to study the internal lung contamination imaging using the MPA-MURA coded-aperture collimator.The imaging system consisted of an adult male lung model,with a mosaicked,pattern-centered,and anti-symmetric MURA coded-aperture collimator model and a CsI(Tl)detector model.The MLEM decoding algorithm was used to reconstruct the internal contamination image,and the complementary imaging method was used to reduce the number of artifacts.The full width at half maximum of the I-131 point source image reconstructed by the MPAMURA coded-aperture imaging reached 2.51 mm,and the signal-to-noise ratio of the simplified respiratory tract source(I-131)image reconstructed through MPA-MURA coded-aperture imaging was 3.98 dB.Although the spatial resolution of MPA-MURA coded-aperture imaging is not as good as that of parallel-hole imaging,the detection efficiency of PMA-MURA coded-aperture imaging is two orders of magnitude higher than that of parallel-hole collimator imaging.Considering the low activity level of internal lung contamination caused by nuclear accidents,PMA-MURA coded-aperture imaging has significant potential for the development of lung contamination imaging.

Effect of blade tilt angle on fluid flow characteristics in spray-blowing agitation composite process:a simulation

Aiming at the paddle tilt angle of the spray-blowing agitation composite process,the four-blade stirring and blowing composite desulfurization agitator was chosen as the research object,and the computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation was used to investigate the changes in flow field velocity,turbulent kinetic energy magnitude,and distribution caused by the blade tilt angle.Furthermore,the impact of blade tilt angle on the flow fragmentation behavior of individual bubbles and the coalescence process of multiple bubbles at different positions was studied.Under the same stirring and blowing process parameters,with the increase in the blade tilt angle of the agitator,the velocity of the flow field and the average turbulent kinetic energy inside the agitator decreased,and the bubble fragmentation speed decreased while the merging speed accelerated.The turbulent kinetic energy at the agitator bottom was greater when the blade tilt angle was 3.2°compared to when it was 13.2°,while the turbulent kinetic energy at the agitator upper part was relatively smaller.The results for single bubbles represented the state and trajectory of the bubble fragmentation process,and the results for multiple bubbles illustrated the state and trajectory of the bubble aggregation process.

Simulation study on fluid flow performance of injection stirring composite process in molten iron desulfurization process

The blowing and stirring composite process of molten iron desulfurization process affects the desulfurization efficiency and has obvious advantages in improving steel properties and expanding the scale of converter steelmaking.At present,the injection position of the injection stirring research is fixed,and the desulfurization efficiency needs to be improved.The gas–liquid flow behavior of single-scale bubble model and the size and distribution of bubbles in multi-scale bubble model were studied by computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation method for the injection mixing composite process of jet inlet and stirring paddle rotating at the same speed.The pressure distribution and velocity distribution inside the fluid indicate that the velocity difference between the gas–liquid phases and the turbulence of the liquid are due to the collisions of bubbles,which are due to essential conditions for bubble breaking.Different injection air volumes have essential influence on the formation of single bubbles.When the injection volume reaches 2.8 m3/h,the turbulent kinetic energy is maximum,the bubble formation is rapid,and the desulfurization efficiency can be improved.The multi-bubble results show that the bubble diameter is mainly distributed in the range of 2–5 mm.The higher gas flow rate will increase the number of bubbles in the fluid and promote the bubble refinement process.