Solubilities of CO_2, CH_4,H_2,CO and N_2 in choline chloride/urea

Solubilities of CO_2, CH_4, H_2, CO and N_2 in choline chloride/urea(ChCl/Urea) were investigated at temperatures ranging from 308.2 to328.2 K and pressures ranging from 0.6 to 4.6 MPa. The results show that the solubilities of gases increase with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. The solubility of CO_2 is higher than that of CH_4, H_2, CO and N_2, which indicates that ChCl/Urea may be used as a potential solvent for CO_2 capture from the gas mixture. Solubility of CO_2 in ChCl/Urea was fitted by Non-Random Two-Liquid and Redlich-Kwong(NRTL-RK) model, and solubility of CH_4, H_2, CO or N_2 in ChCl/Urea was fitted by Henry's Law. The standard enthalpy, standard Gibbs energy and standard entropy of gases were calculated. Additionally, the CO_2/CH_4 selectivities in water, dry ChCl/Urea and aqueous ChCl/Urea were further discussed.

The effect of protic ionic liquids incorporation on CO_(2) separation performance of Pebax-based membranes

The separation of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is of great importance for environment protection and gas resource purification.The ionic liquids(ILs)-based gas separation membrane provides a new chance for efficient CO_(2)separation,while high permeability and selectivity of membranes is a great challenge.In this study,the influence of two protic ILs with different anion([TMGH][Im]and[TMGH][PhO])on the CO_(2)separation performance of the prepared ILs/Pebax blended membranes were systematically investigated at different temperature.The results showed the CO_(2)permeability exhibits the rising trend for ILs/Pebax blended membranes with the increment of IL content.Especially,the[TMGH][Im]with low viscosity and high CO_(2)absorption capacity leads to the blended membranes showing better CO_(2)permeability and ideal CO_(2)selectivity than that of membranes with[TMGH][PhO]at high IL content.Besides,with operating temperature increasing,the gas permeability of 20%(mass)[TMGH][Im]/Pebax blended membrane increases due to the decreasing viscosity of IL and the rising chain mobility of polymer.Inversely,the gas selectivity shows decreasing trend because CO_(2)absorption capacity obviously decreased at higher temperature.

Study on Expected Mature Age of Individual Ailanthus altissima

This study was conducted on the analytic tree and got the fitting empirical equation of tree growth,in which the tree growth rate was used as the variable and time as the independent variable.The arithmetical operation to the function got the mature age of tree growth,and the expected mature age of Ailanthus altissima was 21 a.In addition,the application as well as the research direction and matters needing attention were proposed.

电催化反应电极界面纳微气泡多尺度研究进展

在电解水制氢、电催化还原CO_(2)等过程中,常伴随着电极表面纳微气泡的产生,其中气泡的成核、生长、运动等演变行为会极大影响电极表面活性位点的覆盖和释放,进而影响电化学反应效率.因此,电催化反应界面气泡的演化行为及调控机制,以及其如何影响反应速率、反应稳定性及选择性,是当前研究的热点.本文综述了电催化反应中电极界面纳微气泡的多尺度演化过程及其与电催化性能间的构效关系的研究进展,阐述了气泡的成核、生长和脱离的演化机制;以电解水制氢和CO_(2)电催化还原反应为典型研究体系,重点论述了电极结构和电解液设计对纳微气泡演化行为和反应效率的影响规律;从实验研究和计算角度,对电催化反应中电极界面纳微气泡的重点研究工作及发展趋势进行了展望.

CO2 Electroreduction in Ionic Liquids： A Review

The increasing emission of carbon dioxide （CO2） caused by the unrestrained consumption of fossil fuels in recent hundreds of years, has caused global environmental and social problems. Meanwhile, CO2 is a cheap, abundant and renewable Cl-feedstock, which can be converted into alco- hols, ethers, acids and other value-added chemicals. Compared with the thermal reactions, electrochemical reduction of CO2 is more attractive because of its advantages by using the seasonal, geographical and intermittent energy （tide, wind and solar） under mild conditions. In recent years, taking ionic liquids （ILs） as electrolytes in the CO2 electrochemical reduction reaction has been paid much more attention due to the advantages of lowering the overpotential of CO2 electroreduction and improving the Faradaic efficiency. In this paper, we summarized the recent progresses of electrochemical re- duction of CO2 in ILs electrolytes, and analyzed the reaction mechanism of CO2 reaction in the electrode-electrolyte interface region by experimental and simulation methods. Finally, the research which needs to be highlighted in this area was proposed.

Photoluminescent two-dimensional SiC quantum dots for cellular imaging and transport

Two-dimensional （2D） ultrathin SiC has received intense attention due to its broad band gap and resistance to large mechanical deformation and external chemical corrosion. However, the synthesis and application of ultrasmall 2D SiC quantum dots （QDs） has not been explored. Herein, we synthesize a type of monolayered 2D SiC QDs with advanced photoluminescence （PL） properties via a facile hydrothermal route. Their average size and thickness can be easily adjusted by altering the reaction time. The ultrasmall 2D SiC QDs exhibit a long fluorescence lifetime of 2.59 ps due to efficient quantum confinement. The applications of SiC QDs are demonstrated through labeling A549, HeLa, and NHDF cells and delivering agents for intracellular low-abundant microRNA （miRNA） detection. This advance in preparing photoluminescent SiC QDs is of great significance for broadening their potential in biomedical and optical applications.

Optogenetic Control of Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-Triphosphate Production by Light-Sensitive Cryptochrome Proteins on the Plasma Membrane

Phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-triphosphate(PIP3),acting as a fundamental second messenger,is emerging as a promising biomarker for disease diagnosis and prognosis.However,the real time analysis of phosphoinositide in living cells remains a key challenge owing to the low basal abundance and its fast metabolic rate.Herein,we design an optogenetic system that uses light sensitive protein-protein interaction between Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2(CRY2)and CIB1 to spatiotemporally visualize the PIP3 production with sub-second timescale.In this system,a CIBN is anchored on the plasma membrane,whereas a CRY2 fused with a constitutively active PI3-kinase(acPI3K)would be driven from the cytosol to the membrane by the blue-light-activated CRY2-CIB1 interaction upon light irradiation.The PIP3 production is visualized via a fused fluorescent protein by the translocation of a Pleckstrin Homology(PH)domain(GRP1)from the cytosol to the plasma membrane with high specificity.We demonstrated the fast dynamics and reversibility of the optogenetic system initiated PIP3 synthesis on the plasma membrane.Notably,the real-time cell movements were also observed upon localized light stimulation.The established optogenetic method provides a novel spatiotemporal strategy for specific PIP3 visualization,which is beneficial to improve the understanding of PIP3 functions.

Versatile Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene for free-radical scavenging

MXene,as an emerging two-dimensional(2D)material with ultrathin structure and fascinating physiochemical properties,has been widely explored in broad applications.Versatile functions of MXenes are continuously explored.This work presents distinctive feature of MXene-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)nanosheets for free-radical(FRs)scavenging that never reported before.We demonstrated the mechanism and equation in regard to the reaction between Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and H_(2)O_(2),which was applied to design colorimetric H_(2)O_(2)strip assay with good performance.The good FRs scavenging capability of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x),including a series of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and reactive nitrogen species(RNS),was systemically confirmed.The antioxidation capability of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)for protecting cells from oxidative damage was demonstrated using the oxidative damage model of alpha mouse liver 12(AML-12)cells.This original work provides huge opportunities for MXenes in FR-related biomedical applications.

New technology of ionic liquid-based NH3/CO2 separation from melamine tail gas

Melamine is an important industrial raw material,and widely used in the production of thermal insulation materials,adhesives,fiber materials and so on.Generally,every 1 ton of melamine produced through decomposition and condensation reaction using urea generates about 2.2 tons of tail gas containing about 70%NH_(3)and 29%CO_(2).According to the phase diagram of NH_(3)–CO_(2)-AM(ammonium carbamate),NH_(3)and CO_(2)are easy to react and form AM solid under 63C at ambient pressure,which make it difficult to selective recovery of NH_(3).Water scrubbing is the mostly used technology in industries,but this method demands high energy consumption and discharges a large amount of NH_(3)-containg wastewater,which seriously restricts the sustainable development of industries.