教育领域人工智能伦理研究进展:基于活动理论的分析框架

随着人工智能在教育领域应用的不断深化,教育伦理风险问题随之产生,引起了学术界的高度关注。采用活动理论分析框架,对2012—2022年间有关教育领域人工智能应用伦理风险的150篇文献进行系统性回顾,发现教育领域人工智能伦理研究经历了萌芽探索、成长发生、快速发展三个阶段;研究议题以安全隐私为主,但研究主体尚不明晰,对引起教育领域伦理问题的人工智能技术缺乏明确指向性;研究方法以定性为主,引发伦理问题的应用场景相对局限,且较少针对特定教育群体;研究对伦理困境关注较多,但风险管理视角欠缺;研究成果多为单一视角的理论与现状分析,缺少多理论视域的综合研究;伦理风险的跨领域交叉研究和多视域理论分析,对当下教育伦理及风险治理具有重要意义。基于主要结果及局限性,提出未来研究建议:需要重新审视人工智能与教育之间的交互作用,重塑人工智能教育应用中的伦理规约与评价指标;研究方法不局限于理论研究,应在人工智能技术实践教学中客观收集教学案例、资料等数据,科学性和创新性地提出教育领域人工智能伦理治理策略;深入探讨不同教育层级和教育领域的具体问题,进而针对性地制定相关政策和法规,加强监管与管理,并且提高相关人员的伦理意识和责任意识;不仅要关注教育人工智能应用表层所涉及的伦理问题,对于更深层次的风险发生机制问题也要多加关注;加大对教育人工智能应用伦理原则与政策的研究力度,系统性地思考人工智能的治理维度,通过制定伦理准则,加强政府及相关管理部门对教育人工智能的监管。

Formation and control of the surface defect in hypo-peritectic steel during continuous casting:A review

Hypo-peritectic steels are widely used in various industrial fields because of their high strength,high toughness,high processability,high weldability,and low material cost.However,surface defects are liable to occur during continuous casting,which includes depression,longitudinal cracks,deep oscillation marks,and severe level fluctuation with slag entrapment.The high-efficiency production of hypo-peritectic steels by continuous casting is still a great challenge due to the limited understanding of the mechanism of peritectic solidification.This work reviews the definition and classification of hypo-peritectic steels and introduces the formation tendency of common surface defects related to peritectic solidification.New achievements in the mechanism of peritectic reaction and transformation have been listed.Finally,countermeasures to avoiding surface defects of hypo-peritectic steels duiring continuous casting are summarized.Enlightening certain points in the continuous casting of hypo-peritectic steels and the development of new techniques to overcome the present problems will be a great aid to researchers.

Personal glucose meters coupled with signal amplification technologies for quantitative detection of non-glucose targets:Recent progress and challenges in food safety hazards analysis

Ensuring food safety is paramount worldwide.Developing effective detection methods to ensure food safety can be challenging owing to trace hazards,long detection time,and resource-poor sites,in addition to the matrix effects of food.Personal glucose meter(PGM),a classic point-of-care testing device,possesses unique application advantages,demonstrating promise in food safety.Currently,many studies have used PGM-based biosensors and signal amplification technologies to achieve sensitive and specific detection of food hazards.Signal amplification technologies have the potential to greatly improve the analytical performance and integration of PGMs with biosensors,which is crucial for solving the challenges associated with the use of PGMs for food safety analysis.This review introduces the basic detection principle of a PGM-based sensing strategy,which consists of three key factors:target recognition,signal transduction,and signal output.Representative studies of existing PGM-based sensing strategies combined with various signal amplification technologies(nanomaterial-loaded multienzyme labeling,nucleic acid reaction,DNAzyme catalysis,responsive nanomaterial encapsulation,and others)in the field of food safety detection are reviewed.Future perspectives and potential opportunities and challenges associated with PGMs in the field of food safety are discussed.Despite the need for complex sample preparation and the lack of standardization in the field,using PGMs in combination with signal amplification technology shows promise as a rapid and cost-effective method for food safety hazard analysis.

Grenvillian and early Paleozoic polyphase metamorphism recorded by eclogite and host garnet mica schist in the North Qaidam orogenic belt

The North Qaidam orogenic belt(NQOB) is generally considered to be an early Paleozoic ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt,but increasing reports of the Neoproterozoic magmatic and metamorphic events indicate that the NQOB probably also experienced the assembly of the Rodinia.However,the Neoproterozoic evolution of the NQOB is not well constrained due to the sparse records and ambiguous nature of the Neoproterozoic metamorphism.In order to reveal the multi-orogenic history of the NQOB,an integrated study of petrology,phase equilibrium modelling and geochronology was conducted on an epidote eclogite and host garnet mica schist from the Yuka–Luofengpo terrane.New zircon and monazite U–Pb ages show that the protolith of the garnet mica schist was deposited during 994–920 Ma and experienced Neoproterozoic(920–915 Ma) and early Paleozoic(451–447 Ma) polyphase metamorphism together with the enclosed eclogite.Relic omphacite inclusions were first identified in garnet and early Paleozoic zircon domains from the garnet mica schist,which provide solid evidence for the early Paleozoic eclogite facies metamorphism of the mica schist.Similar early Paleozoic peak P–T conditions of >27.4 kbar/613–670 ℃ and 30.2–30.8 kbar/646–655 ℃ were obtained for the garnet mica schist and enclosed eclogite,respectively,indicating that eclogites and their host paragneisses in this region underwent continental deep subduction as a coherent metamorphic terrane in early Paleozoic.The peak P–T conditions of the Neoproterozoic metamorphism were roughly constrained at 7.7–12.0 kbar and 634–680 ℃ for the garnet mica schist,based on stability field of mineral inclusions in Neoproterozoic zircons domains in P–T pseudosection,the relic garnet core composition and Ti-in-zircon thermometer.The high thermal gradients(16–37 ℃/km) defined by presently our and previously reported P–T conditions indicate that the Neoproterozoic metamorphism likely occurred in continental collision setting at >945–890 Ma.Since the Grenvillian syn-orogenic granitic magmatism and metamorphism(ca.1.0–0.9 Ga) in the NQOB are much younger than the Grenvillian orogeny in the central part of Rodinia,the Qaidam Block was probably located at the north margin of Rodinia in Neoproterozoic.

Direct Analysis of Whole Blood by a Disposable Monolithic Column Mass Spectrometry Analysis Kit

A monolithic column-based mass spectrometry(MS)analysis kit was prepared for whole blood analysis with MS.The kit is disposable and can be used for purification,storage,transportation and direct analysis of whole blood.The kit mainly consists of a capillary for quantitative microsampling,a cation exchange monolithic column for purification and storage,and a syringe for loading sample.This kit is very friendly to various users that one can easily siphon the blood in the kit followed by rapid clean-up.We established a quantitative method using the kit with a limit detection as low as 0.33 nmol/L,and achieved more than five orders of magnitude enhancement in sensitivity compared to direct nanoelectrospray ionization MS analysis.The column can avoid analyte exposure to environment,which helps the storage of the sample for laboratory analysis.The relative standard deviation of immediate blood analysis and storage blood analysis within 10 d was less than 10%.This method has been successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of procainamide hydrochloride in 2μL rat blood.These results indicate that this disposable kit does have the potential to achieve highly sensitive quantitative MS analysis in biological samples,which is expected to become a cost-effective and powerful tool for in vitro diagnostics.

A Single Nucleotide Deletion in J Encoding GmELF3 Confers Long Juvenility and Is Associated with Adaption of Tropic Soybean

Wild soybean is a typical short-day plant that begins flowering when the days are shorter than its critical photoperiod, Soybean was domesticated in the temperate region of East Asia at the relatively high latitude, and the breeding and release of soybean varieties have historically centered on mid- and high-latitude temperate regions. Low-latitude areas with tropical and sub- tropical climates were previously considered unsuitable for soy- bean production because most temperate soybean varieties ex- hibited precocious flowering and early maturity and suffered from low yields.