Effects of the fertilizer and water management on amino acids and volatile components in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines

The amino acids and the volatile substances in grapes and wines play important roles in their quality,and the concentrations of these substances can be changed by how a vineyard is managed,e.g.,irrigation and fertigation regimes.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fertilizer and water management on the distribution of amino acids,the volatile component profiles,and the sensory characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines.The results showed that the amino acid concentration in grape berries was the highest under the 100%local fertilizer rate(HF)and 100%water irrigation quota(HW)treatment,and the volatile component concentration in wine was the highest under HF and 80%water irrigation quota(MW)treatment.The effect of irrigation on the amino acid content in grapes was greater than that of fertigation.The synergistic effect of fertilizer and water on arginine,serine,and glutamine in grape berries was significant.The interactive effect of fertigation and irrigation on the volatile substance in grapes was greater than that of fertigation and irrigation alone.The influence of irrigation on volatile substances in wines was greater than that of fertigation.In addition,there was also a correlation between the concentrations of multiple amino acids in grapes and volatile components in wines.Principal component analysis showed that the wine from the HFMW treatment had the best quality among all treatments.

Nanosize aminated fullerene for autophagic flux activation and G0/G1 phase arrest in cancer cells via post-transcriptional regulation

Functional fullerene derivatives exhibit special inhibitory effects on tumor progress and metastasis via diverse tumor microenvironment regulations,while the elusive molecular mechanisms hinder their clinical transformation.Herein,it is initially revealed that nanosize aminated fullerene(C_(70)-EDA)can activate autophagic flux,induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest to abrogate cancer cell proliferation,and significantly inhibit tumor growth in vivo.Mechanismly,C_(70)-EDA promotes the expression of cathepsin D involved in autophagic activation via post-transcriptional regulation,attributing to the interaction with a panel of RNA binding proteins.The accumulation of cathepsin D induces the autophagic degradation of cyclin D1,which arouses G0/G1 phase arrest.This work unveils the fantastic anti-tumor activity of aminated fullerene,elucidates the molecular mechanism,and provides a new strategy for the antineoplastic drug development on functional fullerenes.

Ultrastable Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoparticles as a Fluorescent Probe:Long-Term Tumor Monitoring and Lipid Droplet Tracking

Effective real-time tumor monitoring and cell tracking are of great importance for precise diagnosis and therapy of tumors,and also for the surveillance of biological processes.In this study,a new organic fluorescent nanoprobe(named TPATBT NPs)with unique aggregation-induced emission(AIE)characteristics has been obtained for the first time via facile synthesis to achieve real-time and long-term monitoring in living cells.The advantages of TPATBT NPs include small size(∼80 nm),a large Stokes shift(∼150 nm),high stability,good dispersibility in aqueous media,and biocompatibility.In addition,such NPs have showed excellent bioimaging performance and unusual long-term tumor monitoring properties.The red fluorescence signals inside MDA-MB-231 cells last for longer than 10 generations(18 days).Moreover,the cellular uptake of TPATBT NPs has been found to highly rely on energy-dependent endocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis,and to primarily accumulate in lipid droplets(LDs),which can lead to targeted LD cellular imaging and therapy.Thus,TPATBT NPs can work as an excellent fluorescent nanoprobe for long-term monitoring of malignant tumor growth and dynamic biological processes.